The seismic separation joint is an important device that absorbs vibration displacement from earthquake shock and protects fire extinguishing pipes and various utility pipes. In this study, the mechanical behavior occurring in U-typed and V-typed seismic separation joint was analyzed according to the length of the bellows, the length of the elbow straight pipe, and the open angle. As a result, as the length of the bellows increased, the stress and natural frequency decreased. In addition, as the length of the elbow straight pipe increased, the stress tended to decrease in the case of forced displacement in the vertical direction. As the open angle increased, the stress in the case of forced displacement in the left and right directions increased.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the nutrition quotient and the dietary intake of adolescents. A total of 393 adolescents were surveyed to evaluate their Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A) scores and dietary intake. The average age of the survey subjects was 15 years and the average NQ-A score of the subjects was 49.11±13.35. There was no significant difference in the NQ-A scores according to gender and age. The average dietary diversity score was 3.77±0.85, and it was significantly higher in boys than in girls (p< .05) with the scores of 12-14-year-old students being significantly higher than those aged 15-18 years (p< .01). The results of comparing the percentage of recommended intake or adequate intake and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) according to the NQ-A grade, showed that the ‘High’ grade had a significantly higher intake percentage of vitamin B1, B12, folate, phosphorus, iron and a significantly higher MAR (p< .05). From a long-term perspective, efforts to improve dietary habits are deemed necessary to meet an individual’s nutritional requirements. Adolescents themselves should develop proper eating behaviors and acquire suitable dietary management skills to enhance their nutritional status, ultimately contributing to an improvement in their quality of life.

본 논문은 CFRP 그리드의 정착길이에 따른 콘크리트 보의 휨거동을 평가한 실험적 연구를 보고한다. 실험을 위해 폭 250 mm, 높이 125 mm, 길이 2000 mm의 실험체가 제작되었다. 실험변수로 CFRP 그리드의 정착길이(1000 mm, 800 mm, 700 mm, 600 mm, 500 mm, 400 mm, 300 mm, 200 mm)가 고려되었다. 실험체 제작 후 3점 휨실험이 수행되었다. 실험결과 모든 실 험체의 강성은 정착길이에 영향을 받지 않고 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 초기 균열하중은 모든 실험체에서 유사하게 나타났으나, 정착길이가 감소됨에 따라 최대하중, 최대하중 시의 처짐 및 변형률은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 특히 부재 길이에 80% 이상 이 정착된 경우 부재 길이와 동일한 정착길이를 가진 콘크리트 보의 약 90% 이상의 구조성능을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 확인되 었다. 제안된 수치해석 모델은 CFRP 그리드의 정착길이가 감소됨에 따른 극한하중의 저하를 유사하게 예측하였으며, 극한하중 의 오차는 평균 13.1%로 CFRP 그리드의 정착길이에 따른 콘크리트 보의 휨성능을 비교적 정확하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다.

A checklist of dietary behavior items for the elderly was developed based on Korean dietary guidelines. First, a literature review was conducted, and 63 preliminary items, including 30 items on food intake, 12 on eating habits, and 21 on dietary culture, were obtained to evaluate the dietary guidelines. The preliminary items were evaluated by experts using Lawshe’s method to verify the content validity. They were then revised, resulting in 52 items: 25, 11, and 16 in the food intake, eating habits, and dietary culture domains, respectively. A face-to-face survey was conducted on 331 people over 65 years of age in the metropolitan area, and their one-day food intake was surveyed using a 24-hour recall method in August 2022. The 48 items, including 24, 11, and 13 items on food intake, eating habits, and dietary culture, respectively, correlated significantly with the evaluation indicators of nutrient intake, such as mean adequacy ratio, dietary diversity score, and nutrient intake density. These items were considered suitable for evaluating the elderly's compliance with dietary guidelines.

이 글의 목적은 지난 21대 총선과 한국의 민주주의를 반추(反芻)하면 서 한국의 민주주의에 얼마나 국민적 가치를 보여줄 수 있는가를 고찰하 는 데 있다. 이 연구는 21대 총선에서 준연동형 비례대표제 도입이 여야 거대 양당의 공천과정에 어떤 변화를 보여주는지를 선거제도의 비례성과 당내 공천과정의 민주성을 중심으로 평가하고자 한다. 이 연구의 결과, 준연동형 비례대표제 도입의 변칙성, 준연동형 비례대표제의 비례성의 감소, 거대 양당에 의한 위성정당 난립과 비제도화, 공천과 공직후보자 추천에서 정당의 당내 민주화 부재를 보여주었다. 따라서 총선을 통해 당내 민주주의를 정착시킬 수 있는 것은 당리당략이 아닌 여야 합의에 의한 비례대표제 채택, 제대로 된 국회의원 선거제도에서의 비례성 확대, 거대 양당에 의한 위성정당 난립 방지 위한 정당법 및 선거법의 개정, 비례대표 의석을 거대 양당 배제하고 군소정당만으로 전국 득표율 수 에 따라 배분, 총선과정에서의 정당의 비민주적 행태 지양과 당내 민주 주의 확대하는 것이다.

The present research focuses on the tribological behavior of the AA5083 alloy-based hybrid surface composite using aluminosilicate and multi-walled-carbon nanotube through friction stir processing for automotive applications. The friction stir processing parameters (tool rotation and traverse speed) are varied based on full factorial design to understand their influence on the tribological characteristics of the developed hybrid composite. The surface morphology and composition of the worn hybrid composite are examined using a field-emission scanning electron microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope. No synergistic interaction is observed between the wear rate and friction coefficient of the hybrid composite plate. Also, adhesive wear is the major wear mechanism in both base material and hybrid composite. The influence of friction stir process parameters on wear rate and the friction coefficient is analyzed using the hybrid polynomial and multi-quadratic radial basis function. The models are utilized to optimize the friction stir processing parameters for reducing the rate of wear and friction coefficient using multi-quadratic RBF algorithm optimization.

Modification of the surface of raw activated carbon using chemical solvents can significantly improve the adsorption performance of activated carbon. Triethylenetetramine is one of the most important chemical solvents used to modify raw activated carbon for formaldehyde removal indoor. We conducted the liquid impregnation experiments at different initial concentrations, temperatures, adsorbent dosage and time ranges to fully investigate the adsorption of triethylenetetramine on the surface of raw activated carbon for modification. We found that the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-first-order kinetic model fit quite well with the experimental data and the R2 are 0.9883 and 0.9954, respectively. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity is 166.67 mg/g. The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy change (ΔH0) and entropy change (ΔS0) were also calculated to study the direction and driving force of the liquid adsorption process. In order to understand the adsorption process at the molecular level, a new activated carbon model based on the actual physical and chemical properties of activated carbon was carefully established in the Materials Studio to simulate the liquid-phase adsorption. The pore structure, elemental composition, functional group content, density, pore volume, and porosity of the activated carbon model converge close to the actual activated carbon and the adsorption isotherms obtained from the simulation agree well with the experimental results. The results show that the adsorption of triethylenetetramine on activated carbon is a spontaneous, endothermic and monolayer physical adsorption process.

본 연구는 경로당을 이용하는 노인들을 대상으로 ICT기반 치매예방 통합프로그램을 적용하여 활력, 치매두려움 및 치매예방행위에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 시도되었다. 프로그램 구성은 주 2회, 6주, 회기당 30분 분량으로 총 12회차이며 단일군 전후 실험설계이다. 자료분석은 기술통계, Paired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient를 이용하였다. ICT기반 치매예방 통합프로그램은 경로당 노인의 활력과 치매예방행위를 증가시키고, 치매두려움은 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 ICT기반 치매예방 통합프로그램을 경로당 이용노인의 치매예방를 위해 실무현장에서 활용할 것을 권장한다.

This study was conducted to investigate whether there were differences in eco-friendly food, home meal replacement (HMR) purchases, and eating-out behavior according to the level of agri-food consumer competence. The data for the study were extracted from main food consumers (n=3,321) in the 2022 Food Consumption Behavior Survey. The competence index was divided into awareness-attitude-practice items, and three groups were classified by competence level. The results showed an agri-food consumer competency score of 70.62, with the highest score for awareness (73.96), followed by practice (69.28) and attitude (66.18). The frequency of purchasing eco-friendly food was higher in the excellent group compared to other groups, and quality and price satisfaction was higher with higher competency (p<0.001). Regarding HMR, the results showed that the shortage group had the lowest HMR consumption rate, and satisfaction decreased as competence decreased (p<0.001). The main reason for eating-out was to enjoy food in all groups (59.0%), followed by a lack of cooking time in the excellent group (15.7%) and hassle with food preparation in the moderate and shortage groups (17.3%, 16.6%) (p<0.001). In short, agri-food consumption competency showed differences by contents and components, and differences in food purchases and eating-out behavior by competency level were found.

This study was undertaken to provide basic data to aid product development and marketing by identifying purchasing behaviors and performing Important Performance Analysis (IPA) according to the consumption values of rice cakes. This study was conducted on 426 consumers who purchased rice cakes. Analysis was performed to determine general characteristics, consumption behaviors, preference for rice cakes, material preferences for rice cake development, need for rice cake development, and importance and satisfaction when selecting rice cakes. Cluster analysis classified consumption values into three clusters. The high and middle consumption value groups contained the greatest proportions of consumers aged over fifty. The high and medium consumption value groups preferred rice cakes more than the low consumption value group. Higher rice cake consumption value was positively associated with the greater preference for rice cakes. Furthermore, the perceived need to develop rice cakes was greatest in the high consumption value group. In addition, importance and satisfaction were positively associated with consumption value. IPA analysis showed that the attributes that require continuous attention because of their contributions to importance and satisfaction were taste, quantity, and hygiene. Different rice cake marketing and product development strategies are required for different consumption values.

PURPOSES : This study is to analyze factors affecting improper parking behaviors in a perspective of personal mobility users. Detailed purposes are as follows. Firstly, exogenous and endogenous latent variables were set. Secondly, structural equation model were constructed. Hypothesis for the structural equation model were established. Then model’s goodness of fit was analyzed and following the result model was modified. Lastly, factors affecting improper personal mobility parking behavior was found out. METHODS : Based on the literature review, exogenous and endogenous latent variables were set. Correlation between latent variables and their observed variables was defined to build structural equation model. According to the model hypothesis was established. In order to collect data, survey was conducted on personal mobility users. Model’s goodness fit was verified and the model was modified. Lastly in order to find out the factors affecting improper personal mobility parking behavior path analysis was conducted. RESULTS : Based on literature review, based on 6 of latent variables the structural equation model was made. Survey was conducted on 341 participants who has used personal mobility at least once based on Likert 5-point scale. Out of 341 responses 22 responses considered as careless responses were removed. As a result of analysis of structural equation model, it turned out that ‘ease of transfer’ had a positive effect on improper parking of personal mobility meanwhile ‘convenience’ and ‘road condition’ had a negative effect. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the proximity and accessibility to the transfer facility could be important when installing personal mobility parking lot as improper parking behavior of personal mobility users could be affected by ease of transfer to other traffic mode. Also, interval of parking lots, location and its road condition should be considered in order to make it convenient for users to find parking lot and to encourage them to use it more often.

PURPOSES : The wedge-type anchorage system requires a complex analysis of not only the tensile stress of the CFRP plate, but also the compressive stress and shear stress generated by the wedge action. The purpose of this study is to find a composite material failure theory that is suitable for analyzing the behavior of wedge-type anchorage system among various failure theories. METHODS : In this study, numerical analysis of various composite material failure theories was performed to analyze the anchorage strength and failure mode of the wedge-type anchorage system according to each failure theory, and compared with actual test results to determine the composite material failure theory most suitable for analyzing the behavior of a wedge-type anchorage system. RESULTS : Since the Maximum Stress failure theory shows similar results to the actual test in terms of failure mode and anchorage strength, there is no significant problem in applying it to the wedge-type anchorage system. However, it is judged to be difficult to apply under property conditions where interactions between stresses are highlighted. The Tsai-Hill and Tsai-Wu failure theories are considered unsuitable for application to wedge-type anchorage systems because the wedge angle conditions at which the most advantageous anchorage strength occurs are significantly different from other theories and the fracture type cannot be predicted. The Hashin-Rotem failure theory is considered to be the most appropriate to apply as a failure theory for the wedge-shaped anchorage system because the anchorage strength was slightly lower than the actual test results, but there was no significant difference, and the failure mode was consistent with the test results. The Hashin failure theory is judged to be unsuitable for application as a failure theory for the wedge-type anchorage system because the anchorage strength and failure mode were interpreted differently from the actual test results. CONCLUSIONS : The Hashin-Rotem failure theory was presented as the composite material failure theory most suitable for analyzing the behavior of wedge-type anchorage system.

We aimed to develop and analyze the effectiveness of a “Room of Errors” simulation program for educating nursing students in patient safety management. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method (two group, before and after evaluation) and enrolled 35 nursing students as the participants. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics and the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS/WIN Statistics version 25.0. Results: After completing the “Room of Errors” simulation program, the participants’ score of intention and confidence in performance for patient safety management in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusion: A “Room of Errors” simulation education program for nursing students effectively increased the intention and confidence in performance of nursing students in patient safety management.

The design of buried underground flexible pipes proposed in domestic standards does not properly reflect changes in ground characteristics. Overseas standards suggest that pipe deflection must be considered while designing them. Therefore, in this study, the structural behavior of underground polyvinyl chloride pipes was investigated through experiments and the finite element analysis. In addition, when the pipe deflection occurred at 3% and 5%, the hydraulic characteristics of the polyvinyl chloride pipe showed a slight difference compared to the round pipe.

최근의 코로나-19 펜더믹과 이로 인한 양적완화, 그리고 이어지는 인플레이션으로 인한 금리인상은 조직의 경영환경에 큰 불확실성을 초래하고 있다. 이렇게 큰 불확실성 속에서도 조직은 생존과 번영을 위해 인적자원관리 관행에 있어 큰 노력을 기울이고 있는데, 구성원의 조직시민행동이 조직의 성과와 큰 관련이 있다는 점에서 역할 외 행동을 증진하기 위한 학계와 실무적 노력이 더욱 더해지는 실정이다. 이 런 맥락에서 많은 연구자들이 조직시민행동에 영향을 주는 바람직한 리더십 유형을 제안 및 실증하는 노력을 해 왔다. 그리고 다수의 연구에서 효과성이 검증된 윤리적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향 을 살핀 국내 연구는 아직 많지 않다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계점을 보완하기 위해 다음의 세 가지 목적을 가지고 연구를 수행하였다. 첫째, 윤리적 리더십과 조직시민행동 두 변수 간의 관계를 실증적으로 확인함 으로써 조직시민행동을 증진시키는 리더십 유형의 하나로 윤리적 리더십의 가치를 제시하고자 한다. 둘 째, 윤리적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향에서 친사회적 동기의 매개효과를 검정함으로써 두 변 수 사이에 나타나는 메커니즘에 대해 설명력을 높이고자 한다. 셋째, 윤리적 리더십이 친사회적 동기에 미치는 영향, 아울러 친사회적 동기를 매개로 조직시민행동에 미치는 효과를 상사-조직 가치일치가 어떻 게 조절하는지 확인함으로써 윤리적 리더십 효과를 극대화하기 위해 필요한 조건을 알아보고자 한다. 가 설 검증을 위한 설문조사는 군 조직의 간부를 대상으로 이루어 졌으며, 위계적 다중 회귀분석과 Process macro 분석을 통한 실증 검증을 하였다. 분석 결과 윤리적 리더십은 조직시민행동에 정(+)적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 두 변수간의 관계를 친사회적 동기가 매개하는 것으로 확인 되었다. 또한 윤리적 리더십과 친사 회적 동기의 관계는 상사-조직 가치일치 정도가 높을 때만 정(+)적인 효과가 유의미하게 나타났고, 조절 된 매개효과 역시 상사-조직 가치일치 정도가 높을 때만 간접효과가 유의미하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 조 직시민행동을 증가시키는 데 있어 윤리적 리더십이 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 실증하였으며, 친사회적 동기의 매개역할과 상사-조직 가치일치의 조절기능을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 윤리적 리더십과 조직시민 행동 두 변수간의 관계에 있어 이해의 폭을 확대하는 이론적 기여와 함께 조직시민행동 증진을 위한 리더 십 역량 교육프로그램 개발 등의 실무적 교훈을 제시한다.

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) exhibits superior tensile strength and corrosion resistance compared to steel but has a lower elasticity. Recently, researchers have addressed this by proposing composite sections of FRP and concrete. To ensure the intended composite behavior, these FRP–concrete sections should exhibit sufficient stress transfer between the two elements through a shear connection. Herein, various shear connection methods were proposed to improve the composite behavior of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) plates and concrete. Through push-out tests, the behavior characteristics of the prepared specimens were analyzed. The findings confirm that an FRP shear key (FSK) with a small cross-section resists high shear stresses, making it suitable for sections vulnerable to damage from bolt drilling. Additionally, combining an FSK with bolts as shear connectors on a GFRP plate proves beneficial in preventing the fracture of the plate and improving the shear resistance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of the health promotion behavior of the high-risk group of cardiovascular disease among large-scale industrial manufacturing workers. Method: The subjects of this study were 11 workers at high-risk of cardiovascular disease with a Framingham Risk Score (FRS) score of 10% or more among workers at large-scale workplace in Gyeongsangbukdo area, and the data collection period is from July 1 to September 11, 2022. The interview data were inductively analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method used by Elo and Kyngas (2008). Result: Participants' awareness of their own health status and knowledge of cardiovascular disease were low, and there were more obstacles than benefits to health behavior. The process and method of realizing and practicing health care were also different. As a result of qualitative content analysis, 42 semantic units, 12 subcategories, and 3 upper categories were derived. The health promotion behavior of workers at high-risk for cardiovascular disease was categorized into ‘Awareness of health conditions’, ‘Obstacles to health care behavior’, ‘Health care practice process’. Conclusion: Since most of the workers spend a lot of time at work, it is necessary to understand the health care of high-risk workers with cardiovascular disease, so a qualitative study using participatory observation methods to observe workers’ work sites is recommended.

기업은 생존을 비롯하여 지속 가능한 경영을 위해 우수한 인적자원을 확보해야 할 뿐만 아니라 이들의 열의와 몰입을 증대시켜서 창조적이고 혁신적인 업무성과를 달성해야 한다. 직무열의는 구성원의 혁신행 동을 이끌어 낼 수 있는 효과적인 자원이다. 본 연구는 구성원의 직무열의와 혁신행동 관계에서 부정적 상황변수인 갈등에 주목하여, 갈등을 조절변수로서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 보고 연구하였다. 그리고, 기존 갈등연구들을 보면, 과업갈등은 주로 긍정적인 요소로, 관계갈등은 부정적인 요소로 인식되고 있는 데 이러한 갈등 유형의 차이가 직무열의와 혁신행동 관계에도 동일하게 나타나는지를 살펴볼 필요가 있 다. 특히, 기존 연구의 갈등은 주로 팀원이나 동료들 간의 갈등을 대상으로 하였으나, 상사-구성원 간 갈 등이 개인의 직무열의와 혁신행동 관계에서 어떤 영향을 주는지에 대한 연구는 미흡하다. 따라서 본 연구 는 갈등의 영향을 보다 명확하게 검증하기 위하여 기존 동료들 간의 갈등이 아닌 상사-구성원 간의 갈등 에 초점을 맞추어 연구를 진행하였다. 즉, 구성원의 직무열의와 혁신행동의 관계를 먼저 확인하고, 그 관 계에서 상사-구성원 간 갈등(관계갈등, 과업갈등)의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 중국 정부는 "혁신 주도 발전 전략"을 제시하여 기업이 연구개발 및 혁신을 강화하도록 장려하고, 혁신 적 인재의 육성과 유입을 촉진하고 있다. 또한, 중국 조직에서는 개인보다 집단이익을 우선시하는 조직문 화가 있으며, 조직 구조상 상사와 구성원 간의 위계가 강조된다. 따라서 중국 현지 기업 근무자 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 하였고 유효 표본 총 351부를 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 구성원의 직무열의는 혁신행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 상사와 구성원 간 갈등은 관계갈등 뿐만 아니라 과업갈등도 동일하게 직무열의와 혁신행동 관계에 부정적인 환경으로 작용하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 직무열의가 있는 구성원들의 혁신행동을 더 강하게 유발하기 위해서는 상사-구성 원 간 관계갈등 뿐만 아니라 과업갈등도 최소화하는 것이 효과적이라는 것을 확인하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 상사의 변혁적 리더십이 부하들의 발언행동에 영향을 미치는 메커니즘을 이해하기 위한 것이다. 구체적으로는 변혁적 리더십과 발언행동의 영향관계에서 심리적 임파워먼트의 매개효과와 권력거리 성향의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 특히 군 조직에서 수직적인 관계의 중요성이 상당히 크다 는 것을 고려하면 직속상사의 리더십은 부하의 발언에 더 큰 영향을 줄 것이다. 권위적인 군 조직의 특수성은 민간조직에 비해 위계질서가 매우 엄격하므로 발언행동에 대한 메커니즘과 영향이 다르게 나타날 수 있다. 이 연구의 대상은 위계적 조직인 육군의 부사관 및 장교들을 대상으로 하였다. 응답한 517개 표본 중 불성실한 표본 64개를 제외하고 453개의 유효한 표본을 분석에 활용하였다. 자료분석은 기술통 계, 상관관계 분석, 구조모형 검증을 통해 실시하였다. 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 변혁적 리더십은 발언행동에 통계적으로 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 변혁적 리더 십과 발언행동 영향관계에서 심리적 임파워먼트는 매개효과를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 변혁적 리 더십이 발언행동에 미치는 영향을 권력거리 성향이 조절한다. 넷째, 변혁적 리더십이 심리적 임파워먼트 에 미치는 영향을 권력거리 성향이 조절한다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 군 조직의 HRD 담당자에게 시사 할 수 있는 실무적 내용을 논의하였고, 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.