In this study, hot water and ethanol, acetone, and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok were investigated for use as raw materials for natural cosmetics. Hot water and ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of steamed Deodeok did not indicate cell toxicity up to 300 μg/mL concentration in the MTT assay. The tyrosinase inhibition effects of the ethanol extract were higher than the ascorbic acid. The efficacy of the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract on the elastase inhibition was similar to that of quercetin at higher concentrations. In conclusion, water, ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok indicated strong possibility as a whitening and anti-wrinkle functional cosmetic ingredient. Among them, the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract, which showed excellent activity, is highly available because it has high safety compared to other organic solvent extraction methods used in cosmetics, and has minimal irritation to the skin.

The purpose of this study was to determine the content of polyphenols and flavonoids, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity for the extract from the Deodeok sprout. To accomplish this, the Deodeok sprout whole (CLS-W), above ground part (leaf, stem, CLS-L), and root (CLS-R) were individually extracted using 70% ethanol. The highest levels of total polyphenols and total flavonoids were observed in the Deodeok sprout extract CLS-L2. Similarly, antioxidant activities resulting in radical scavenging activities increased significantly in the extract of CLS-L2. In conclusion, these results indicate that Deodeok sprouts can be used as a viable, new natural antioxidant source.

본 실험은 초고압과 입자도 차이에 따른 더덕의 외피와 육질의 항산화 활성을 비교 진행하였다. 외피의 경우 입자도 크기에 따른 항산화 활성의 유의 차가 나타나지 않았지만, 육질의 경우에는 입자도 크기에 따른 항산화 활성의 유의 차가 나타났다. 초고압 하에서 실시한 더덕 외피에서는 입자도간 항산화 활성의 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 반면 육질에서는 초고압 처리한 압력에 따라 또한 측정한 항산화 성분에 따라 입자도 간에 유의차가 나타났다. 이와 같은 현상은 시료를 구성하는 물질이 서로 다른 경도를 지니고 있어서 내부저항에 차이가 생기는 것에 기인하며 초고압 처리가 내부저항에 작용하는 정도에 따라 기인되었을 것으로 추론한다. 이 같은 결과로 더덕을 외피와 육질을 분리하지 않은 채 입자도 영향을 분석할 경우 입자의 크기가 큰 영역에 항산화도가 높은 외피가 많이 분포되어 오히려 항산화도가 높음을 관찰하였다.

Background: This study determined the effects of mulching, an environment friendly organic cultivation method, on antioxidant compound contents and growth in Codonopsis lanceolata, commonly known as Deodeok. Methods and Results: C. lanceolata was treated by mulching with several different methods (a non-woven fabric, biodegradable film, or rice husks) and also treated with hand weeding. A non-treatment plot was used as a control. The growth and levels of weed control in C. lanceolata were better in plants cultivated under mulching treatments (non-woven fabric, biodegradable film, and rice husks) than in those under non-mulching treatments (hand weeding and non-treatment). The contents of antioxidant compounds, such as total flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanins, were highest under the biodegradable film treatment, followed by the nonwoven fabric treatment, rice husks treatment hand weeding, and non-treatment. There were identifiable differences in DPPH and ABTS activity in comparison to antioxidant compound content by solvent fractions. Mulching treatments resulted in higher DPPH scavenging activity in water and ethyl ether fractions and ABTS scavenging activity in n-butanol fractions than in other fractions, as opposed to hand weeding and non-treatment groups, although total activity of DPPH and ABTS did not increase with mulching treatments. Conclusions: Mulching C. lanceolata with biodegradable film and non-woven fabric is an effective method for improving plant growth and inhibiting the occurrence of weeds as well as for increasing antioxidant compound content and altering antioxidant activity.

Background : This study was conducted to determine the effects of mulching, an environmentally friendly organic cultivation method, on antioxidant compounds and growth in Codonopsis lanceolata. Methods and Results : C. lanceolata was treated by mulching with a non-woven fabric, biodegradable film, or rice husks, as well as hand weeding, and non-treatment. The growth and levels of weed control in C. lanceolata were better in plants cultivated under mulching treatments (non-woven fabric, biodegradable film, and rice husks) than under non-mulching treatments (hand weeding, non-treatment). The contents of antioxidant compounds, such as total flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanin, were highest under biodegradable film treatment, followed by non-woven fabric treatment, rice husks treatment, hand weeding, and non-treatment. DPPH and ABTS activity were able to identify to have differences their activity in comparison to antioxidant compounds content by solvent fractions. Mulching treatments produced a higher activity in water and ethyl ether fractions for DPPH scavenging activity and in n-butanol fractions for ABTS scavenging activity compared to other fractions, although total activity of DPPH and ABTS were not increased with mulching treatments. Conclusion : Mulching C. lanceolata with biodegradable film and non-woven fabric is an effective method for improving plant growth and inhibiting the occurrence of weeds as well as increasing antioxidant compound content and changing of antioxidant activity.

세척방법 차이에 따른 신선편이 슬라이스 더덕의 저장 중 품질 변화를 알아보기 위하여 10℃에서 저장 실험을 진행하였다. 저장 10일 후에 무세척구와 손세척은 전체의 80.3% 더덕이 부패되어 상품성을 상실하였을 뿐만 아니라 조직감의 연화도 급격히 진행되어 측정이 불가능하였다. 그러나 버블세척구들은 20.4∼30.1%의 중량 손실만을 보 였으며, 특히 마이크로버블세척구는 저장초기에 비하여 11.1%정도의 조직감만 감소하여 저장 중 변화가 가장 적었 다. 슬라이스 더덕의 표면색도 갈변화를 최소화시키며 저 장 중 색을 유지하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 저장 중 수분함량의 변화는 모든 처리구에서 감소하였는데, 특 히 무세척구와 손세척은 각각 74.6, 78.3%로 수분함량이 크게 감소하였다. 저장 중 미생물의 수도 마이크로버블세 척, 일반버블세척, 손세척, 무세척구 순으로 증식하는 것으 로 나타났다. 관능검사와 video microscope system을 이용하 여서도 마이크로버블 세척구는 이물질이 발견되지 않았음 을 알 수 있었으며, 다른 처리구들보다 세척효과도 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 마이크로버블세척을 하여 슬라이스 더덕을 저장하는 것이 품질유지에 가장 적합하였 으며, 저장수명도 10일(10℃ 저장시)로 가장 길게 나타났다.

In this study, the changes that occurred in the quality of minimally processed sliced Deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata) in relation to the packing method during storage at 7℃were investigated. The storage tests were conducted for seven days using PE sealing, but PP sealing and vacuum packaging preserved the Deodeok for 14 days. On the seventh day, the vinyl-packaged Deodeok showed a remarkable fall in quality with 4.5 °Brix, but the PP-sealed and vacuum-packaged Deodeok showed slight falls with 6.4 and 6.8 °Brix, respectively. The PE- and PP-sealed Deodeok did not show significant differences in texture and moisture content for two days, and the moisture content was highest in the vacuum-packaged Deodeok during storage. In relation to the total viable cell and the coliform count, the vacuum-packaged Deodeok showed the lowest rate of increment during storage, followed by the others. Thus, the bubble-washed and vacuum-packaged minimally processed sliced Deodeok was found to have the best quality.

더덕의 유용성을 입증하기 위하여 더덕의 기능성과 더덕이 첨가된 청국장의 품질을 조사하였다. 70% 에탄올에서 추출한 더덕 추출물의 DPPH radical 제거능이 물 추출물보다 높았다. Salmonella typhimurium TA 98을 이용하여 직접 변이원에 대한 항변이원성 시험을 하였다. 200, 1,000, 2000, 3,000, 4,000 ug/plate의 에탄올 더덕 추출물에 대한 항돌연변이원율이 5.75, 31.38, 34.75, 5

더덕 함량을 10, 15 및 20% (w/v)로 달리하여 50% (v/v) 주정에 담아 밀봉한 후 상온에서 180일간 침출시킨 다음 더덕 침출주의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 더덕 함량을 달리하여 상온에서 180일간 침출시킨 결과 총당은 더덕 함량이 많을수록 많은 양의 총당이 용출되는 경향을 보이고 있었으며 맛을 결정하는 환원당도 총당과 유사한 경향을 보이고 있었다. 한편 더덕의 유효성분인 total polyphenol의