This study investigated the antioxidant characteristics of sweet potato according to different plant parts and drying methods. The sweet potato plant parts were divided into root tubers, stems, stalks, leaves, and tips, and the drying methods were freeze-drying and hot air drying. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and radical scavenging activity of the sweet potato plant parts were significantly different depending on the plant parts and drying methods. The total polyphenol content of freeze-dried sweet potato leaves and tips were 52.76 and 46.19 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g sample, and the total flavonoid contents were 222.47 and 214.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g sample, respectively, and decreased with hot air drying. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in freeze-drying than hot air drying and was significantly different depending on the plant parts. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of freeze-dried sweet potato leaves and tips were 43.48 and 44.68 mg Trolox equivalents/g sample, respectively, and decreased with hot air drying. Therefore, additional studies on the functionality of using by-products from sweet potato cultivation are needed.

This study was carried out to find out the changes in the growth characteristics and feed value of the three different whole-crop silage rice cultivars of whole-crop silage rice such as Jonong, Yeongwoo and Mogwoo to develop an efficient double cropping system. This study showed that there were significant differences biomass and feed values among cultivars but no clear difference among transplanting dates. Dry weight and height were in order of Mogwoo, Yeongwoo, Jonong (p<0.05). Dry weight and feed value of Jonong showed no significant difference after 21 days after heading (DAH), it was expected to be harvested before DAH 30 days. Yeongwoo showed a lower dry weight than Mogwoo, but heading date was earlier than Mogwoo, so one can expect a higher feed value than Mogwoo. Mogwoo had lower crude protein and total digestible nutrient than the other two cultivars but relative feed value in stem was higher than that of the other cultivars, but had higher dry weight than other cultivars so it was considered to take an advantage as a silage rice. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the selection of whole-crop silage rice on the cropping system be made comprehensively by considering the heading characteristics of the cultivars and the feed value.

The prickly pear cactus (Opuntia), native to Mexico, has grown in popularity and is locally grown and adapted on Jeju Island. The fruits of this cactus species are in particular widely employed as raw materials, which are then processed into various food and medicinal items, including chocolates and vitamins, for purposes of human consumption. Because this crop has been dubbed one of Jeju’s iconic agricultural crops, research studies elucidating the prickly pear cactus’ medicinal properties, including antioxidant activity, of this particular plant and related cultivated species have demonstrated high value to the scientific community. Currently, consumers do not purchase products f or c onsumption a lone, but in a ddition f or t heir added health benef its. The present study in particular honed in on two species of prickly pear cactus that are cultivated on Jeju Island which include: ‘Baeknyeoncho’ (Opuntia ficus-indica) and ‘Cheonnyeoncho’ (Opuntia humifusa). From these species, s pecif ci p lant p arts i ncluding t he f lower, mature and y oung stems, roots, a nd f ruit w ere subjected to further antioxidant analysis, which included the determination of polyphenol, flavonoid, DPPH radical, ABTS radical, and anthocyanin levels. These particular antioxidants were determined during two seasons, over the course of the summer and winter. Results revealed that the antioxidant activity for both species was more active during the summer season. Antioxidant levels occurred at the highest rates within t he flowers o f the c actus plants. However, of significant note was that the cactus stem, in both mature and young plants, possessed higher antioxidant activity compared to those of the fruit that is currently employed for commercial purposes.

This experiment was conducted to a comparison of the productivity according to variety and forage quality by plant parts of imported silage corn (Zea mays, L) in Pyeongchang. The corns evaluated in this experiment were 8 varieties (P1184, P1151, P1194, P1543, P1345, P1429, P1443, and P2105) introduced from the United States, Pioneer Hybrid Co. The harvested corn was divided into 5 plant parts (leaf, stem, cob, husk, and grain), and the ratio of each part was calculated using dry weight and the feed value was analyzed. The emergence rate of corn was generally good except for the P1151 and P2105 varieties. The average tasseling date was July 24th and the silking date was July 27th, but the P2105 variety was late to July 28th and August 1st, and the remaining varieties were similar. P1345 was the highest (289 and 123 cm), and P1151 varieties were the lowest (267 and 101 cm) in the plant and ear height. Disease resistance was low in P1184, P1443 and P1429, and P1197 and P1345 were high. In the case of stover, the dry matter (DM) content was the lowest at 19.6% in the P1151 and the highest at 24.9% in the P1429. DM content of ear was the highest in the P2105 (55.5%), and P1184 (54.2%) and P1345 (54.3%) were also significantly higher (p<0.05). The DM yield of stover of P2105, P1429 and P1194 varieties was significantly higher (p<0.05), and ear yield of P2105, P1345 and P1443 was higher. The proportions of each part of plants (leaf, stem, cob, husk, and grain) divided by 5 was high, with 50-60% of the ear(grain+cob) ratio. The ratio of husk and cob was roughly similar, and the leaf and stem part showed a ratio of about 20%. The crude protein (CP) content was highest in leaf, followed by grain. The CP content of the stem was the lowest, and the husk was not significantly different among the varieties (p>0.05). The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was similar to the rest parts except grain, but the leaf part tended to be lower, and other parts except the stem and leaf showed no significant difference between varieties (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in NDF (neutral detergent fiber) content in husk, but there was a difference between varieties in other parts (p<0.05). In addition, there was a special difference by plant parts for each variety, P2015 on the stem, P1197 on the leaf, P1151 on the cob, P1197 on the husk, and P1197 on the grains with high NDF content. IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility) was not significantly different between stems and grains, but there was a difference between varieties in cobs and husks. According to the results, DM yield of P2105 variety was the best in the experiment, and the ratio of grain was excellent in P1543 and P1345. In addition, it was found that the feed value was higher in the leaves and grains, and the leaf and stem had higher feed values than husk or cob.

To enhance the effectiveness of the FMS (flexible manufacturing system), it is necessary for the manufacturing control system to be upgraded by integrating the cyber and the physical manufacturing systems. Using the CPPS (Cyber-Physical Production System) concept, this study proposes a 4-stage vertical integration and control framework for an aircraft parts manufacturing plant. In the proposed framework, the process controller prepares the operations schedule for processing work orders generated from the APS (advanced planning & scheduling) system. The scheduled operations and the related control commands are assigned to equipments by the dispatcher of the line controller. The line monitor is responsible for monitoring the overall status of the FMS including work orders and equipments. Finally the process monitor uses the simulation model to check the performance of the production plan using real time plant status data. The W-FMCS (Wing rib-Flexible Manufacturing Control & Simulation) are developed to implement the proposed 4-stage CPPS based FMS control architecture. The effectiveness of the proposed control architecture is examined by the real plant’s operational data such as utilization and throughput. The performance improvement examined shows the usefulness of the framework in managing the smart factory’s operation by providing a practical approach to integrate cyber and physical production systems.

본 연구는 겨울철 파프리카의 안정된 영양생장, 생식 생장을 파악하는 방법으로 간이영양진단기기를 이용해 NO3 - 농도를 신속하게 측정하고 영양상태 파악을 위해 실시되었다. ‘Raon red’, ‘Raon yellow’ 두 품종을 각각 비대기 단계로 나누어 측정한 결과 엽신의 test strip 분 석은 분광광도계를 통한 관행의 방법과 상관성이 인정되었고(R2=0.8628), 엽병의 test strip분석은 엽신 즙액 보다는 낮은 상관성을 보이지만 간접적으로 NO3 - 농도 분석에 유용하였다(R2=0.6734). 착과 그룹이 높아짐에 따라 해당 부위 엽 내 질산태질소 농도가 낮아지는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 동일 시점의 마디별 엽병 즙액 내 질산태질소 농도 역시 정단부로 갈수록 낮아지는 경향이 확인되었다. 엽병 즙액 내 NO3 - 농도 역시 간이진단기기를 활용하여 신속한 모니터링이 가능하였다. 따라서 간이영양진단기기를 사용해 기존 분석방법보다 효과적으로 농가 현장에서 파프리카의 질소 영양상태를 파악할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 추후 합리적인 양액공급 및 표준영 양범위의 설정이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Background : Glehnia littoralis F. and Peucedanum japonicum T. is mostly founded coastal region of Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and China. Recently, because interests of health functional food has been increased the role of miscellaneous medicinal crop is not only strengthen provided energy but also health functional role and many researchers showed interest in plants to in beauty treatment and functional healthy food. The objectives of this research was to analyse antioxidant activity of G. littoralis and P. japonicum. using various plant parts. Methods and Results : Different analysis including DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Total phenolic contents and Total flavonoid content were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of different plant part in G. littoralis and P. japonicum. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was calculated a RC50 value (㎍/㎖). Total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents were expressed as milligrams of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent per gram of dry weight. Respectively, RC50 value of DPPH radical scavenging was higher (900.78 ± 87.53 ㎍ /㎖) in leave of P. japonicum and the lowest RC50 value of DPPH radical scavenging was observed (3806.74 ± 1361.38 ㎍/㎖) in root of G. littoralis. The highest total phenolic level was 5241.46 ± 228.52 ㎎․GAE/g and total flavonoid level was 426.11 ± 37.34 ㎎․QE/㎎ were detected in leaf of G. littoralis. Results showed that DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents and total flavonoid content were higher in leaf of G. littoralis and P. japonicum. Conclusion : Thus, medicinal plants can be an important resource for producing cosmetic and functional health food.

Background : Tetraploid plants are bigger in the size of fruits, leaves, stems, and roots than diploid plants due to bigger cells attributed to chromosome multiplication. The advantage of tetraploid plants includes breakdown of self-incompatibility and increase of disease resistance. This study was carried out to gain tetraploid resources for breeding of new boxthorn varieties having pest resistance, higher yield, and self-compatibility. Methods and Results : Tetraploid lines and maternal varieties used in this study were C0148-10 and C0412-1 from Cheongyang-jaerae, M0148-94 and M0148-120 from Myongan, B0148-43 and B0148-78 from Bulro, D0148-62 and D0148-72 from Cheongdae, and Y0148-2 and Y0148-24 from Youngha. For organic acid composition of tetraploid lines and matrenal varieties, malic acid was highest as 1.47 – 4.6 ㎎/g in fruit, and citric acid and succinic acid were highest in leaf as 2.67 – 4.08 ㎎/g and 4.28 – 6.00 ㎎/g. Total organic acid content in root ranged from 1.78 to 3.23 ㎎/g, lower than in fruit and leaf. Of 11 fatty acids composing the boxthorn fruit, linoleic acid was highest as 25.36 – 50.33 ㎎/g. For leaf, linolenic acid was highest as 4.39 – 8.77 ㎎/g. Linoleic acid was highest as 1.65 – 6.98 ㎎/g of all fatty acids in root. 19 free amino acids were analyzed. Average content of essential amino acids in fruit was 6.64% and lysine was highest as 1.57%. Non-essential amino acid content was 8.26% and serine was highest as 2.72% of all non-essential amino acids in fruit. D0148-62 was highest in the total amino acid and the essential amino acid as 23.58% and 10.19%, respectively. Total amino acid content in leaf was 26.49%. Essential amino acid was 12.12% and leucine was highest as 2.08%. Non-essential amino acid was 14.37% and serine was highest as 4.61%. Total amino acid content in root was 13.25%. Essential amino acid was 6.66% and arginine was highest as 2.58%. Non-essential amino acid was 6.59% and serine was highest as 2.60%. Conclusion : Organic acid content increased in fruit of tetraploid lines and lines induced from Cheongyang-jaerae, Myongan, and Cheongdae were higher in contents of linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, resulted in total fatty acid increasing. This shows several induced tetraploid boxthorn lines are very useful resources in breeding new varieties.

Background : Tetraploid plants are bigger in the size of fruits, leaves, stems, and roots than diploid plants due to bigger cells attributed to chromosome multiplication. The advantage of tetraploid plants includes breakdown of self-incompatibility and increase of disease resistance. This study was carried out to gain tetraploid resources for breeding of new boxthorn varieties having pest resistance, higher yield, and self-compatibility. Methods and Results : Tetraploid lines and maternal varieties used in this study were C0148-10 and C0412-1 from Cheongyang-jaerae, M0148-94 and M0148-120 from Myongan, B0148-43 and B0148-78 from Bulro, D0148-62 and D0148-72 from Cheongdae, and Y0148-2 and Y0148-24 from Youngha. Betaine content was highest as 0.7 - 1.62% in leaf, followed by 0.55 - 1.17% in fruit and 0.04 - 0.23% in root. Betaine content in plant parts of several tetraploid lines increased compared to martenal varieties, higher in fruit for 5 lines including D0148-72, B0148-78, and C0142-1, higher in leaf for 5 lines including C0148-10, C0412-1, and M0148-94, and higher in root for 7 lines including Y0148-2, M0148-94, and M0148-120. Rutin content in leaf ranged 4.0 – 388.55 ㎎% and was highest as 388.55 ㎎% in Y0148-24. Tannin content in leaf of tetraploid lines was 4.70 - 6.12%, highest as 6.12% in Y0148-2 and M0148-120, similar to the maternal varieties. Youngha of the diploid plants showed the highest tannin content of 7.08%. Total free sugar content in tetraploid lines was higher as 8.53 - 12.53% than maternal varieties. Conclusion : Betaine and rutin contents increased in several tetraploid lines and Total free sugar content in tetraploid lines was higher as 8.53 - 12.53% than maternal varieties. This shows tetraploid boxthorn lines are very useful resources in breeding new varieties.

Background: Rehmannia glutinosa is a perennial herb belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Its root has been utilized as a traditional medicine but the aerial parts (flower, flower stalk, leaf) are not used. We aimed to determine the content of three compounds [aucubin, catalpol, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)] in the different organs of R. glutinosa cultivars (Dakang, Tokang, and Suwon 9) Methods and Results: The flower, flower stalk, leaf, and root of R. glutinosa were harvested at the end of August. The aucubin and catalpol contents were analyzed by LC/MS, whereas the GABA content was analyzed by GC/MS. The aucubin content was the highest in the leaf, while catalpol and GABA were the highest in the flower. The aucubin contents of leaf in Dakang, Tokang, and Suwon 9 were 1.43, 0.81, and 1.07㎎/g, respectively. The catalpol contents of flower in Dakang, Tokang, and Suwon 9 were 41.06, 28.78, and 37.48㎎/g, respectively, the GABA contents were 0.79, 0.76, and 0.65㎎/g, respectively. Conclusions: The aucubin, catalpol, and GABA contents were higher in the leaf and flower than that in the root. This study show that R. glutinosa leaf and flower can be used as a potential supplement.

In order to find out anticancer activity of Korean pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the cytotoxicity against 8 cell lines including 293 (normal kidney cells) and A-431 (epidermoid carcinoma cells) of extracts by extraction solvents and plant parts were investigated using MTT assay. Also the correlation between content of capsaicin known as anticancer ingredient and cytotoxicity of extracts from pepper were analyzed. The distilled water extracts from seed and germinated seed showed very high cytotoxicity against 6 cancer cell lines including A549 (lung carcinoma cells), AGS (stomach adenocarcinoma cells), HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma cells), HepG2 (hepatoblastoma cells), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cells). But 80% ethanol and methanol extracts showed cytotoxicity against 293 and AGS. The RC50, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of cell viability, of seed and germinated seed extracts against AGS were 33.4~389.1μg/mℓ and 63.9~1,316.7μg/mℓ, respectively, so anticancer activity was higher in seed than in germinated seed. In capsaicin contents, seed with high cytotoxicity and pericarp with a little cytotoxicity contained 47.4~1,260.0μg/g and 58.3~1,498.0μg/g, respectively. As these results, the correlation was not between cytotoxicity and capsaicin content.

새싹재배기에서 7일간 재배된 동부 새싹나물의 부위별 생육, 폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화성 및 항산화효소 활성 차이를 검토하였다. Folin-Denis방법에 따른총 페놀 함량은 동부나물 자엽의 메탄올 추출물(48.8 mg kg-1)이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 뿌리(30.8 mg kg-1), 하배축(22.2 mg kg-1) 순으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 한편, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 총 페놀 함량과 같은 경향을 보였으나 더 낮은 함량이 검출되었다. DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 추출물 농도가 증가할수록 높은 활성을 보였으며 동부나물 자엽의 추출물(82.5%)에서 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 뿌리(52.6%),하배축(35.0%) 순으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 항산화효소 활성은 APX와 CAT 활성은 하배축에서 가장 높았고 POX와SOD 활성은 뿌리가 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 이런 경향은재배 후 5일과 7일째 동부나물에서 같게 나타났다. 따라서상관분석에 따르면 총 페놀 함량이 총 플라보노이드 함량보다 항산화성과 항산화효소 활성에 더 높은 관련성이 있는것으로 나타났고 그 생리활성물질 함량과 그 활성 정도는부위별로 다르게 나타났다.

Proximate composition, total phenolics and total flavonoids level, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxicity were determined in the methanol extracts of different plant parts of Youngia sonchifolia at reproductive growth stage. Crude protein and crude fat were present as the highest amount in flowers, and crude fiber in the stems and roots. The highest content of phenolics [mg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE) kg-1dry weight (DW)] was found in flowers (highest) and followed by leaves, stems and roots (lowest). Flavonoids [mg rutin equivalents kg-1 DW] level, however, showed the highest in leaf extracts and lowest in root extracts. The antioxidant potential of the methanol extracts from the plants dose-dependently increased DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (%). DPPH radical scavenging activity were highest in root extracts (IC50 = 1,135.6 mg kg-1) and followed by leaf, stem and flower extracts. By way of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, methanol extracts of roots showed the highest anticancer activity on human cancer cell line Calu-6 for human pulmonary carcinoma (IC50= 196.3 mg kg-1) and HCT-116 for human colon carcinoma (IC50=623.6 mg kg-1)

뽕나무를 이용한 고부가가치 건강 기능성 소재를 개발하기 위한 기초 자료 측면에서 ‘과상 2호(Gwasang No. 2)’의 부위별 성분함량 및 생리활성을 조사하였다. 잎에 함유된 비타민 C는 55.3mg· 100g-이었으며, 조 단백질 함량은 잎(25.4%), 뿌리(12.3%), 가지(8.9%) 순으로 많았다. 유리아미노산은 잎에서 29종류, 가지에서 26종류, 뿌리에서 25종류가 검출 되었으며, 함량은 뿌리(26.27mg ·g-), 가지(21.95mg·g-), 잎(16.22mg·g-) 순으로 많았다. 추출물이 1,000mg·L-1 일 때 총 페놀 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 뿌리의 에탄올 추출물에서 51.0mg·L-1 및 42.3mg·L-1로 많았다. 전자공여능은 추출물의 농도가 1,000mg·L-일 때 모두 열수 추출물에서 높았는데, 잎 추출물(69.3%), 뿌리 추출물(68.9%), 가지 추출물(50.2%) 순으로 높았다. 아질산염 소거능은 추출물의 농도가 1,000mg·L-일 때 잎, 가지 및 뿌리 모두 에탄올 추출물에서 61.8%, 54.5 및 42.2%로 각각 높았다. 이와 같은 결과는 뽕나무 ‘과상 2호’의 용도 설정과 효과적인 추출방법을 결정하는데 유익한 정보를 제공할 것으로 생각된다.

서양민들레의 부위별 성분 및 생리활성 차이를 검토하고자 폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화성 및 세포독성을 분석하였다. Folin-Denis방법에 따른 총 페놀 함량은 꽃 추출물에서 72.0 mg kg-1으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 그 다음이 잎, 뿌리, 꽃대 추출물 순으로 나타났다(p〈0.05). 한편, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 총 페놀 함량과 같은 경향을 보였으나 더 낮은 범위의 함량이 검출되었다. DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 추출물 농도가 증가할수록 높은 활성을 보였으며 그 중 꽃 추출물 (IC50 값 = 624.3 mg kg-1)에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였고 그 다음으로 잎, 뿌리, 꽃대 추출물 순으로 나타나(p 〈0.05), 이는 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 DPPH 라디컬 소거능과 관련이 있음을 보여 주었다. MTT법에 의한 세포독성 시험에서 폐암세포주(Calu-6)와 위암세포주(SNU-601)의 세포 생존율은 꽃 추출물에서 가장 낮았고(IC50값 = 85.7과 311.4 mg kg-1), 그 다음으로 잎, 꽃대, 뿌리 추출물 순으로 뿌리 추출물이 가장 높은 생존율을 보였다. 이는 세포독성이 꽃 추출출물에서 가장 높고, 뿌리에서 가장 낮은 것을 보여 준 것이다. 결론적으로 총 페놀 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량이 항산화성(r2=0.7280 to 0.9971)과 세포독성(r2=0.5795 to 0.9515)에 높은 상관관계가 있고, 그 함량과 활성은 식물체 부위별로 다르게 나타남을 확인하였다.

총체 담근먹이용 조사료로 이용되고 있는 맥종들의 출수 후 생육시기별 전체건물수량에 대한 식물체 각 부위별 기여도를 분석하여 생산성이 우수한 조사료용 맥류 품종개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공코자 수행한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수 후 생육시기별 건물생산에 대한 부위별 건물중의 기여도 변화 유형은 맥종에 따라 부위별 기여기간 정도의 차이는 있으나 보리는 귀리와 밀은 호밀 및 트리 티케일과 각각 동일한 유형으로 분류할 수 있었다. 2. 보리와 귀리는 출수 후 20일 이후부터 전체 건물수량에 대한 부위별 기여도가 줄기에서 이삭으로 변화되는 반면 밀, 호밀, 트리티케일은 출수 후 30일 이후부터 이삭의 기여도가 줄기의 기여도 보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 3. 전 맥종에서 줄기 건물중과 이삭 건물중이 출수 후 전 기간에 걸쳐 전체 건물수량에 있어서 주도적인 기여를 한 반면 잎 건물중의 기여도는 출수 후 10일 이후에는 미미한 수준에 머물러 있었고 줄기 건물중에 대한 기여도는 초장보다 수수의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 4. 생산성이 우수한 담근먹이용 품종을 개발하기 위해서는 각 맥종 공히 새육후기에 전체건물수량에 대한 이삭 건물중의 기여도가 높은 특성을 고려하면 이삭의 등숙이 빠르고 이삭무게가 무거운 수중형 품종이 수량성 및 이용성제고에 유리할 것으로 판단된다

For the investigation of possibility as a useful functional material, different parts of Lythrum salicaria L. harvested at four growth stages were studied in the aspect of bleeding characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro activity. Weights (g/plant) of L. salicaria plant parts were high in order to stem 〉 leaf 〉 flower 〉 root at the best growth time. Crude lipids (3.59~4.30%) and crude proteins (14.7~23.5%) of L. salicaria leaves were the highest among the other plant parts showed from 0.08~3.54%, and 4.0~21.9%, respectively. Free sugars (2.9~4.2%) and crude ash (11.9~14.8) of leaves also showed the highest value. Free radical scavenging activities of L. salicaria root on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl showed from 43.5 μg/ml to 47.6 μg/ml as IC50 which were followed by those of flower, leaf, and stem. Root of L. salicaria tested at 100 μg/ml also showed the most efficient inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Cell viability of the plant parts tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay was high in order to flower, leaf, root, and stem. Total phenol content measured as tannic acid equivalent showed the highest value in flower. In conclusion, among the plant parts, especially leaf of L. salicaria, was rich in the chemical components, and showed efficient antioxidant/inhibitory activity on free radical and NO production, and was expected to be a functional material candidate.

Volatile flavor compounds from the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai were extracted by HE (Hydrodis-tillation extraction), SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation & extraction), and SFE (Supercritical fluid extraction system),and analyzed by GC-MS. The amount and the number of chemical components in essential oils from shoot and root by SFEwas the higher than those by other extraction methods. Respectively, thirty one constituents were identified from the essen-tial oil of the shoot and root by HE, twenty seven and twenty three constituents were identified from the essential oil of shootand root by SDE, thirty one and forty five constituents were identified from the essential oil of shoot and root by SFE. Theresult showed large differences in extraction methods and in plant parts of Angelica gigas Nakai. Also, the bioactive com-pounds in root part was identified as nodakenin and decursinol (11.95% and 8.42%, respectively) by SFE. These results sug-gested that SFE was the best extraction method for the increasing of extraction yield, the determination of volatilecomponents and the increasing of bioactive compounds in the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai.