This study investigated the effects of formic acid (FA) petal-dipping treatment on the postharvest quality of cut rose “All For Love” and its efficacy in suppressing gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Petals were dipped for 3 s in FA solutions at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 9000 μL·L-1. The petal color change rate (ΔE) was highest following treatment with 9000 μL·L-1 FA, and phytotoxicity was observed at concentrations ≥100 μL·L-1. To evaluate the antifungal efficacy of FA, petals inoculated with B. cinerea were dipped in 50 μL·L-1 FA for 3 s. Under B. cinerea infection, FA treatment extended vase life by 62.5% compared with the B. cinerea treatment and was more effective than distilled water treatment. B. cinerea inoculation reduced vase life by 77.8% relative to non-treated control. Although 50 μL·L-1 FA did not improve vase life under non-infected conditions, it significantly extended vase life under infected treatments. No significant differences were observed among treatments in petal color or leaf chlorophyll content. In conclusion, petal dipping with 50 μL·L-1 FA effectively extended vase life under B. cinerea infection without adversely affecting key quality attributes, including petal color, leaf chlorophyll content, flower diameter, relative fresh weight, vase solution uptake, or electrolyte leakage.

This study was conducted to compare the quality characteristics of cut roses produced in Gangjin-gun and Gwangju Metropolitan City Gwangiu, and to identify key technical factors required to expand local consumption of floricultural products. Cut roses (Rosa hybrida ‘Hazel’), produced year-round in Gangjin-gun and Gwangju Metropolitan City Gwangju, were used as plant materials. During the fall season (October – November), the harvested floral shoots had a height of 64.0cm, a fresh weight of 41.1g, and a flower size of 28.7cm2. These parameters of flowing response increased by 17.3% – 53.7% in November compared with ones in October. Cut roses ‘Hazel’ produced in Gangjin showed a superior vase life of up to 15.0 days. However, the effectiveness of preservatives at the consumer stage was limited because of disease and pest incidence. In contrast, roses cultivated in Gwangju had 10.9% – 11.6% greater height and fresh weight of flora shoots whereas flower size was 26.3% smaller than that of ones from Gangjin. The vase life of Gwangju-grown flowers improved by 3.1% – 33.6% depending on preservatives concentration and was associated with increased relative fresh weight of floral shoots. Cut roses from Gangjin developed gray mold and powdery mildew on petals and leaves, with disease incidence exceeding 90.9% at maximum levels during the flowering period. Therefore, further field-based studies and demonstrations are required to establish integrated cultivation and post-harvest technologies for the high-quality cut roses in Jeonnam.

본 연구에서는 3.0 T 고자장 MRI 환경에서 무선주파수 흡수로 인한 국소적 발열 문제를 해결하기 위해, 상변화 물질을 활용한 수동적 열 완충 기술이 영상 품질에 미치는 영향을 ACR 팬텀 가이드라인을 통해 정량적으로 평가하 였다. 이를 위해 3.0 T MRI 시스템에서 ACR 전용 팬텀을 이용하여 PCM 적용 전후의 영상을 비교 분석하였으며, T1, T2, FLAIR 시퀀스에서 기하학적 정확도, 고대조도 공간 분해능, 절편 두께 및 위치 정확도, 영상 강도 균일성, 고스트 신호 백분율, 저대조도 분해능 등 7가지 핵심 지표를 정밀 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 모든 시퀀스에서 PCM 적용 전후의 측정값은 ACR 권고 기준을 안정적으로 충족하였으며, 기하학적 오차는 190 ± 2 mm 이내로 유지되었 고 공간 분해능은 0.9 mm 패턴까지 식별되어 우수한 해상도를 확인하였다. 저대조도 구조물 검출 개수(40개)는 대조군과 동일한 수준으로 나타나 대조도 대 잡음비가 안정적으로 유지됨을 입증하였고, 영상 강도 균일성(82% 이 상)과 고스트 신호 백분율(2.5% 이하) 역시 합격 기준을 만족하였다. 통계 분석 결과, 측정 지점에 따라 일부 항목에 서 0.05 미만의 nominal p-value가 산출되기도 하였으나, Holm–Bonferroni 보정 후 최종 유의확률이 유의수준 을 상회하여(Adjusted p ≥ 0.18) PCM 적용에 따른 유의미한 영상 왜곡이나 지표 변동이 없음을 시사하였다. 결론 적으로 본 연구는 PCM이 3.0 T 고자장 환경에서 영상 품질에 간섭을 주지 않는 안정적인 보조 소재임을 정량적으로 입증하였으며, 이는 향후 MRI 검사 환경에서 환자의 안전성을 강화하면서도 영상의 진단적 정확성을 유지할 수 있 는 효과적인 발열 관리 기술 및 영상 품질 안정화 전략 마련을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study analyzed the quality characteristics of 12 indigenous soybean lines cultivated in Goesan, Chungbuk province, focusing on their proximate composition, antioxidant activities, and isoflavone content. Proximate composition varied significantly among lines: moisture (4.92－12.87%), crude ash (3.79－5.98%), crude protein (15.24－39.60%), crude lipid (1.08－30.40%), and carbohydrate (34.31－65.43%). Jinunikong exhibited the highest crude protein content (39.60%), while Hayanultarikong had the lowest (15.24%). Ajukkaribamkong (brown) contained the highest crude lipid content (30.40%). Napdegikong demonstrated the highest antioxidant activities, with peak values in total polyphenol (843.79 mg%), total flavonoid (508.98 mg%), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging (97.20%), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (85.92%). In contrast, Hayanultarikong and Ajukkaribamkong (brown) showed the lowest antioxidant activities, with no significant difference between them. Malonyl daidzin and malonyl genistin were the predominant isoflavones. Namdojangkong had the highest levels of these compounds (92.80 and 179.85 mg/100g, respectively). However, no isoflavones were detected in Hayanultarikong, Ajukkaribamkong (brown), and Eollukgangnangkong. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships among crude protein, antioxidant activities, polyphenols, flavonoids, and isoflavones, while negative correlations were observed with carbohydrate content. These findings provide fundamental data on the physicochemical and functional properties of Chungbuk indigenous soybeans, confirming their potential as valuable genetic resources for functional food development and cultivar improvement.

This study evaluated the effects of high-pressure shucking on the compositional quality and microbiological characteristics of raw oysters (Magallana gigas) in comparison with conventional hand shucking, and examined heavy metal contents in the pressure-transmitting seawater used during processing. Oysters collected from Tongyeong and Yeosu were treated at 200-240 MPa for 0-600 seconds. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among treatment groups in moisture, crude fat, and crude protein contents whereas Dunnett’s test indicated that most high-pressure-treated oysters were not significantly different from hand-shucked controls. Initial total viable counts ranged from 2.77 to 3.46 log CFU/g and increased to 7.95-9.23 log CFU/g after 14 days of storage, generally remaining similar to or lower than the control. Coliform counts decreased under several pressure-time conditions, and Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were not detected. Although Cu, Zn, Ni, and Fe increased in the process seawater, Cd and Hg were not detected.

현대 식품산업에서 소비자의 건강과 식품 품질 유지, 그 리고 인공첨가물에 대한 거부감을 고려하여 천연 유래의 기능성 소재 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 흐름 속에서 조미김은 대한민국을 비롯한 동아시아 국가에서 널 리 소비되는 대표적인 가공 해조류 제품으로 제조 공정 중 식용 유지를 고온으로 가열하는 과정이 필수적이다. 하지 만 300도 이상의 고온 가열 과정은 식용 유지의 산화를 유 발하여 풍미 저하, 저장성 감소 및 궁극적으로 소비자 수 용성 저하로 이어질 수 있다는 문제가 존재한다. 특히 조 미김에서 사용되는 옥수수유, 참기름 및 들기름 등은 불포 화지방산 함량 비율이 높아 산화에 더욱 취약하고 이로 인 하여 그 품질 유지가 조미김 산업에서 중요한 과제로 부상 하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 천연 식물성 원료인 마늘과 녹차로부터 이들의 주정 기반의 추출물을 활용하여 항산화 및 항균 효과를 검증하고 더 나아가 이 추출물들을 조미김용 유지(i.e. 옥수수유)에 첨가하여 산화 안전성에 미 치는 영향을 종합적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 우선 국내산 마늘과 녹차 분말을 25% 에탄올에 침지시킨 후 24시간 동 안 상온에서 교반하여 유효성분을 추출하였고 이를 원심분 리 및 필터를 이용하여 여과 후 감압농축을 거쳐 최종 주 정추출물을 확보하였다. 이렇게 마련된 개별 추출물들은 단 독으로 사용되기도 하였으며, 무엇보다 마늘과 녹차를 여 러 중량비로 혼합하여 복합 추출물로도 사용되었다. 항균 활성 측정을 위하여 총 13종의 식품매개 병원성 세균(Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus 등)을 대상으 로 agar disc diffusion 방법을 적용하였다. 그 결과 마늘 추 출물은 바실러스 세레우스와 황색포도상구균에 대하여 직경 약 12mm 이상의 클리어존(clear zone)을 생성함으로써 강력 한 생육(growth) 억제 효과를 나타내었으며, 녹차 추출물은 일부 황색포도상구균에 대하여 약 9-10mm 크기의 클리어 존 형성에 기여하였다. 특히 마늘과 녹차를 5:5 비율로 혼합 한 복합 추출물의 경우에도 바실러스 세레우스와 황색포도 상구균에 대하여 유의미한(P<0.05) 생육 억제능을 선보였다. 항산화 활성의 경우 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)와(과) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거 능력을 측정하였고 비타민 C를 대조 군으로 설정하였다. 단일 추출물 중에서는 DPPH 기준으로 마늘과 녹차가 각 69.057±14.830% 및 84.556±32.670% 수준 의 라디칼 소거능을 보여주었으며, 특히 이 두 성분을 5:5 비율로 혼합하였을 때 DPPH가 무려 155.158±10.783%까지 상승하여 단일 처리 대비 두 배 이상의 항산화 활성을 나 타내었다. 이러한 항산화 및 항규 활성 결과를 바탕으로 마 늘과 녹차 추출물을 5:5 비율로 혼합한 복합 추출물을 옥 수수유에 1-2%의 농도로 첨가하여 저장온도에 따른 산화 안전성을 평가하였다. 이러한 실험은 25, 35, 50 및 70도의 네 가지 조건에서 32일간 진행되었고 일정 간격마다 산가 (acid value, AV) 및 과산화물가(peroxide value, POV)를 측정하였다. 산가는 저장 중 큰 변동이 없었으나, POV에 서는 뚜렷한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 50도 조건 에서는 대조군이 27일만에 POV를 60 meq/kg을 초과한 반면, 1% 혼합물 첨가군은 29일 및 2% 혼합물 첨가군은 32일이 지나도록 POV가 60 meq/kg을 초과하지 않아 보 존기간을 유의적으로(P<0.05) 연장시키는 것으로 관찰되 었다. 70도 조건에서도 유사한 경향이 나타났는데 대조 군의 경우 14일만에 POV가 150 meq/kg을(를) 초과하였 으나, 2% 혼합물 첨가군은 29일차에도 POV가 210 meq/ kg 이하의 수준을 유지하여 산화 억제 효과가 지속됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 마늘과 녹차의 주정추출물 혼합물은 바실러스 세레우스 및 황색포도상구균과 같은 그람양성 식품매개 병원성 세균에 대하여 강력한 항균력 을 가지며, 특히 DPPH 기준으로 그 항산화 활성은 단일 성분보다 복합 처리가 현저히 우수함을 확인하였다. 조미 김 제조에 사용되는 유지의 산화 안전성 측면에서, 2% 혼합물 첨가는 고온에서도 과산화물 생성을 억제하여 보 존성을 크게 높일 수 있었고, 이는 국내에서 규정된 조 미김용 식용 유지 품질 기준을 만족하는 수준이었다. 이 러한 결과는 천연 유래 복합(마늘+녹차) 주정추출물이 합 성 산화방지제나 항균제 대용으로 사용할 수 있는 천연 소재로서의 활용가능성을 높이며, 궁극적으로 건강지향적 이고 소비자 수용도가 높은 기능성 식품 원료로 발전할 수 있는 과학적 기반을 제공한다.

Purpose: This study evaluated the quality characteristics, sensory attributes, and consumer acceptance of fresh pasta with rice bran powder—a nutrient-rich by-product with antioxidant benefits—to determine its potential as a functional ingredient. Methods: Pasta was prepared by substituting semolina and wheat flour with rice bran powder at 0% (CON), 5% (RP5), 10% (RP10), 20% (RP20), and 30% (RP30). The physicochemical properties (moisture, pH, water absorption, color, and texture) and sensory evaluations (attribute difference and acceptance tests) were conducted. Results: The moisture content, pH, water absorption, lightness, and yellowness of cooked pasta decreased significantly, whereas the redness increased as the rice bran powder levels were increased (p < 0.001). Texture analysis showed that in fresh pasta, hardness and gumminess increased due to fiber-induced structural reinforcement, whereas the springiness decreased. In cooked pasta, however, the hardness, springiness, and chewiness decreased significantly (p < 0.001) as the rice bran powder disrupted the gluten network; cohesiveness was similar in all groups. In the sensory evaluation, although the control group excelled in appearance and texture, RP5 achieved the highest scores in flavor, taste, and overall acceptance, while RP30 received the lowest ratings. Conclusion: Incorporating 5% rice bran powder improved the functionality while maintaining desirable sensory quality, suggesting its potential as an effective strategy for upcycling high-value food by-products.

In this study, 'Tadanishiki', a yuzu variety, was stored at 25℃ for 7 weeks using various packaging materials (unpackaged, plastic containers, functional films). Appearance, quality characteristics (hardness, weight loss rate, etc.), antioxidant activity, total number of bacteria, and mold generation were compared under each condition. In the case of unpackaged yuzu, the weight loss rate increased from 24% at week 1 of storage to 70% at week 7. The weight loss rate of yuzu in plastic packaging increased from 18% (1 week) to 68% (7 weeks). However, functional films were found to be effective in maintaining marketability because they had fewer changes in the weight loss rate compared to unpackaged and plastic packaging. As a result of the total bacterial count survey, bacteria began to be observed from the 3rd week in the case of yuzu stored in unpackaged and plastic containers, whereas yuzu stored in functional films developed bacteria by the 7th week. Fungi did not occur in any treatments on day 0, and mold measuring 47.7 mm2 size occurred in unpackaged yuzu at week 1. It was confirmed that mold measuring 483.5 mm2 occurred at week 3 for plastic containers and 189.2 mm2 for functional films at week 5.

This study investigated the impact of rainfall on the network performance and video transmission quality of smart CCTV systems deployed across 16 bridges over the Han River in Seoul. Using operational logs collected from September 22 to October 6, 2025 (n=254), a comparative analysis was performed between the wired (n=5) and wireless (n=11) network architectures. The results reveal that under rainfall conditions, wireless networks experienced critical performance degradation. Specifically, at a heavy rainfall intensity of 10 mm/h, the average latency (Ping) surged from 22.5 ms to 355.2 ms, while video frame rates (FPS) plummeted from 19.8 to 6.4. Notably, at a maximum rainfall intensity of 15 mm/h, the wireless network performance exhibited a 78.8% degradation compared with clear weather conditions, severely compromising real-time monitoring reliability. Conversely, the wired networks exhibited robustness, maintaining a Ping of approximately 20 ms and an FPS within the 19–20 range, regardless of weather conditions. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.81, p < 0.01) between Ping and FPS was identified, establishing increased network latency as the primary driver of video quality degradation. These findings provide a technical basis for implementing real-time operational thresholds at Ping 40 ms and FPS 15 as leading indicators to ensure surveillance reliability in a smart city infrastructure.

본 연구는 지역아동센터 종사자가 현장에서 수행하는 업무역량의 실제적 구성과, 이러한 역량이 아동복지 서비스 질로 어떻게 구현되는지를 심층적으로 이해하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 지역아동센터에서 1년 이상 근무한 사회복지사와 시설장 10 명을 대상으로 의도적 표집을 실시하였으며, 반구조화된 심층 면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 현상학적 접근과 근거이론적 분석 틀을 참고하여 분석하 였고, 개방 코딩 과정을 거쳐 주요 범주와 의미 단위를 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 지역 아동센터 종사자의 업무역량은 프로그램을 기획하고 실행하는 전문적 실천 역량, 회 계 및 행정 처리를 포함한 행정 관리 역량, 그리고 아동 및 보호자와의 상담과 소통 을 중심으로 한 관계 형성 역량의 세 영역으로 나타났다. 특히 종사자의 자기주도적 학습 태도와 공감적 소통 능력은 아동의 정서적 안정과 서비스 만족도를 높이는 핵 심 요인으로 작용하고 있었다. 반면 반복적이고 과중한 행정 업무는 종사자의 직무 소진을 심화시키며, 이는 서비스 제공의 지속성과 질적 수준을 약화시키는 주요 요 인으로 확인되었다. 종사자들은 열악한 근무 여건 속에서도 직무에 대한 사명감을 바탕으로 서비스의 질을 유지하고자 노력하고 있었으나, 체계적인 보수 교육과 지원체계의 부족은 역량 발휘의 구조적 한계로 지적되었다. 이러한 결과는 지역아동센터 서비스 질 향상을 위해 종사자의 개인적 헌신에만 의존하기보다, 행정 부담 완화와 심리적 지지 체계 구축 등 제도적·환경적 개선이 병행되어야 함을 시사한다. 아울러 현장의 요구를 반영한 맞춤형 역량 강화 프로그램의 제도화가 아동복지 서비스의 공 공성과 지속 가능성을 확보하는 데 중요한 과제임을 제언한다.

Vehicle indoor air quality is determined by the complex interaction between interior material emissions (such as VOCs and aldehydes) and road-sourced pollutants. Despite growing public concern, existing frameworks often focus on single pollutants and lack a comprehensive health-impact-based evaluation. This study proposes the Vehicle Indoor Air Quality Index (VIAQI), which integrates acute, chronic, and odor-related exposures from internal sources with the infiltration of ambient air pollutants. The VIAQI adopts a safety-oriented priority (HQacute → SF → OA → HQchronic), reflecting the driver’s cognitive safety. It consists of 10 levels, ranging from Grade 1 (Excellent) to Grade 10 (Hazardous). Under three operating modes (AM, PM-6 hr, and DM), the analysis includes 21 chemical substances, as well as PM2.5 and NO2. Acute risks are assessed using OEHHA’s RELs, chronic risks via US EPA’s RfC, odor effects are quantified using a smell sensitivity index (SF), and outdoor air infiltration is evaluated through a weighted hazard index (OA). After evaluating actual new vehicles, Vehicles A, C, and D are categorized as Grade 3 (Good), while Vehicle B is categorized as Grade 9 (Very Unhealthy) and Vehicle E is categorized as Grade 10 (Hazardous). Notably, Vehicle B is rated Grade 9 due to acute toxicity risks identified through RELs-based assessment, even though it meets all current national regulatory standards. This highlights the existence of health hazards that conventional concentration-based regulations may overlook. As Korea’s first multi-dimensional evaluation system for vehicle air quality, the VIAQI offers a practical tool for manufacturers to implement quality control, set policy, and communicate consumer information, providing a proactive assessment based on real-world driving environments.

Assessing the health impacts of ambient air pollution is essential for evaluating air-quality management policies. Using nationwide data from 2007 to 2023, this study analyzed long-term trends in six major air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM10, and PM2.5) and examined the responsiveness of two health indicator categories: disease prevalence (asthma, rhinitis, atopy, and stroke) and hospitalization rates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Although concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and CO declined substantially during the study period, prevalence indicators showed no corresponding improvements and instead exhibited weak or inconsistent correlations with air pollutants (e.g., PM10-asthma: r = –0.696; PM10-stroke: r = –0.220), reflecting their limited sensitivity to environmental changes. In contrast, hospitalization rates demonstrated strong and consistent associations with air pollution, particularly particulate matter and NO2. Meanwhile, PM2.5 showed the highest correlations with COPD (r = 0.973) and asthma hospitalizations (r = 0.988), and regression analyses indicated steeper slopes for PM2.5 than for PM10. This suggests a greater relative impact of fine particles on acute disease exacerbation. Principal component analysis further confirmed that hospitalization indicators clustered closely with pollutant-related components, whereas prevalence indicators were structurally independent. Overall, hospitalization rates provide a more objective and responsive measure for evaluating the health impacts of air-quality improvements in South Korea, while prevalence indicators are less suitable for assessing environmental policy outcomes.

This study was conducted to analyze long-term trends in moisture content and regional distribution characteristics of winter forages produced in Korea. A total of 14,204 samples collected from forage production farms and TMR facilities across 128 Si/Gun units nationwide from 2015 to 2024 were analyzed for moisture content, and annual, regional, and species-specific trends were examined accordingly. The overall mean moisture content was 34.82 ± 16.68%, with a declining trend from 46.70% in 2015 to 30.71% in 2024. Among the forage species, Italian ryegrass showed the lowest mean moisture content (29.44 ± 13.31%), decreasing consistently from 41.16% in 2015 to 23.91% in 2024, contributing substantially to the overall declining trend. Regional variation in moisture content was associated with differences in forage storage type composition, with Gangwon province showing higher moisture content corresponding to a greater proportion of silage, while Jeonbuk province showed lower moisture content with a higher proportion of hay. No statistically significant correlations were found between moisture content and environmental factors including precipitation and drainage installation rate (p>0.05), suggesting that final moisture content is likely influenced by multiple factors beyond regional precipitation, highlighting the need for further studies including direct variables like post-harvest management. The proportion of hay increased from 7.8% in 2015 to 32.3% in 2024, while silage decreased from 43.9% to 15.0%, a trend that coincides with the implementation of the national forage quality grading system initiated in 2015, suggesting a possible association. These results provide baseline data for developing region-specific forage production and quality management strategies in Korea.