The current survey form of grassland has not played its role in managing the grassland effectively because of the ambiguous questionnaire items and the absence of method and time of the investigation. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify and add the items for effective of grassland management. The survey form of grassland was regulated in Article 16 of the Enforcement Rules of the Grassland Act (Survey on Grasslands Management Status, etc.). The five contents that needed improvement were the grassland owner, the survey timing and method of established grassland, grassland used livestock, grassland usage condition, and grassland grade. In the improved survey form of grassland, the grassland owner was changed to the grassland manager. In addition, ‘Survey by each land’ was added to the improved survey form in which the managers can survey each land. The dimension of each grassland establishment method was deleted in the grassland establishment time and method. In the livestock using grassland, the number of livestock and the area where livestock are used were added, and the number of other livestock was added, too. The grassland grade was decided as the combined score by three evaluation categories; grassland usage, the ratio of forage production in grassland and kinds of forage. The high, middle, and low grades were over 8, 6~7, and under 5 points in the combined score, respectively. The results show that the changed survey form of grassland can make grassland management more efficient by materializing the subject of grassland management and the survey terminology and methods.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 작업치료에서 과거와 비교하여 인지재활의 발전현황을 조사하고, 현재 인지평가와 인지중재에서 문제와 제도적 난제를 밝히며, 한국의 인지재활 발전을 위해 전략적 방향성을 제시하는 등 정책 제안을 도출하기 위함이다. 연구방법: 본 연구의 최초 조사대상자는 현재 작업치료 현장에서 직무수행을 하고 있고, 인지재활에 관심 있는 대한인지재활학회 정회원 3,448명을 선정하였다. 연구기간은 2022년 9월부터 2023년 2월까지 이루어졌 다. 이들 중 본 조사에 적극적으로 참여하여 성실하게 답변한 154명의 참가자가 최종 조사대상이다. 조사도구는 선행연구에서 인지재활 발전현황과 문제점 및 향후 발전방안을 델파이 조사를 통해 도출하고 타당성을 갖춘 104개 항목을 5점 리커트 척도로 정량화하여 사용하였다. 결과: 인지재활은 작업치료에서 지속적 발전을 거듭하였다. 법적으로 작업치료 업무범위로 보장을 받았고, 전문성 확보를 위한 전문 교육이 강화되었으며, 인지재활을 시행하는 기관과 치료사가 늘어났다. 그러나 작업수행 기반 인지재활 평가도구와 작업치료 시간 내 평가가능한 평가도구 개발이 필요하다. 제도적으로는 인지재활 의료보험 수가 확대와 인지재활 가이드라인 개발이 필요하다. 임상현장의 작업치료사들은 인지요소별 중재보다 작업수행 기반의 기능인지가 임상현장에서 실현되는 것이 필요하다고 인식하였다. 결론: 인지재활은 작업치료사의 주요 직무이고 지속적으로 발전하였다. 인지재활 발전을 위해 지난 과거부터 해결하지 못하고 난제로 남아있는 의료보험 수가 등의 제도 문제의 해결이 시급하다. 작업치료 현장의 발전을 위해서는 인지평가도구, 중재기술, 기능인지 중심 인지재활 적용 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

The purpose of this report is to provide a summary of the Phase 1 Final Status Survey (FSS) Final Report results and overall conclusions which conduct that the Zion Nuclear Power Station (ZNPS) facility and site meets the 25 mrem(0.25 mSv)per year release criterion as established in Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulation (NRC) 10 CFR 20.1402 “Radiological Criteria for Unrestricted Use”. The FSS results provided assessment and summarize that any residual radioactivity results in a Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) to an Average Member of the Critical Group (AMCG) that does not exceed 25 mrem per year, and the residual radioactivity has been reduced to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). The release criterion is translated into site-specific Derived Concentration Guideline Levels (DCGLs) for assessment and summary. ZionSolutions, a decommissioning service provider, estimates that a total of four (4) FSS Final Reports be generated and submitted to the NRC during the decommissioning project. ZionSolutions established the Characterization/License Termination (C/LT) Group, within the Radiation Protection division, with sufficient management and technical resources to fulfill project objectives. The C/LT Group is responsible for the safe completion of all surveys related to characterization and final site closure. Approved site procedures and detailed Technical Support Documents (TSD) direct the FSS process to ensure consistent implementation and adherence to applicable requirements. The development and planning phase was initiated in 1999 by the “Zion Station Historical Site Assessment” (HSA) and the initiation of the characterization process for FSS. Develop the information necessary to support FSS design, including the development of Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) and survey instrument performance standards. DQOs are qualitative and quantitative statements derived from the DQOs process that clarify technical and quality objectives. The next step, FSS design utilizes the combination of traditional scanning surveys, systematic sampling protocols and investigative/judgmental methodologies to evaluate survey units relative to the applicable release criteria for open land sample plans. To aid in the development of an initial suite of potential radionuclides of concern for the decommissioning of ZNPS, the analytical results of representative characterization samples collected at the site were reviewed. At this FSS design step, the Radionuclides of Concern (ROC) are determined. As Co-60 and Cs-137 account for 99.5% of the analysis results of concrete core sampling data form ZNPS’s Containment Building and Auxiliary Building, they are determined and used as the basic ROC in the survey design. Additionally, site information is described and Historical Site Assessment (HSA) is performed. Data collected for the initial HSA will be used to establish the initial regional survey unit and corresponding MARSSIM classification. Next, an assessment of the collected data is performed using the DQO process, and a survey methodology is established by selecting a sampling method and measuring instrumentation. These result judgments provide guidance for C/LT Engineer to interpret findings using the Data Quality Assessment (DQA) process, which analysis Recorded data, Missing values, Deviation from established procedure, and Analysis flags. In conclusion, FSS is the process used to demonstrate that the ZNPS facility and site comply the radiological criteria for unrestricted use specified in 10 CFR.20. The purpose of FSS Sample Plan is to describe the methods to be used in planning, designing, conducting, and evaluating the FSS.

A disposal of radioactive wastes is one of the urgent issues in worldwide. Considering upcoming plans for decommissioning of nuclear power plants, this problem is unavoidable and should be discussed very thoughtfully before long. There are variety of methods to deal with radioactive wastes, including Incineration process, conventional gasification process and plasma gasification process and so on. Among them, plasma gasification process is in the limelight due to its ecofriendly features and very large volume reduction effects. So, lots of countries like Japan, Taiwan, Russia, Bulgaria are already utilizing commercial plasma melting facilities and researching their own characteristics & disposal abilities and so on. Within the scope of this paper, I would like to introduce other countries current status of plasma melting facilities, and reach the conclusion on the directions to go for realistic radioactive wastes treatment.

This study aims to analyze the variations in online clothing purchasing patterns based on demographic attributes and purchasing behavior. The survey subjects comprised individuals in their 10s to 50s who had prior experience with online shopping. The survey was conducted in Gyungnam from May to June 2022. A total of 397 questionnaires were analyzed using the χ2-test statistical method. The analysis of clothing purchase type based on demographic characteristics revealed differences in terms of gender, marital status, age, monthly income, and occupation. Notably, when analyzed by demographic characteristics and clothing purchase types, monthly online purchase frequency displayed significant differences in marital status, age, and occupation. Similarly, monthly purchase amounts through online platforms exhibited significant variations based on marital status, age, monthly income, and occupation. The online fashion platforms, when examined in relation to demographic characteristics and purchase types, showed significant differences across all variables. Clothing purchases by consumers seeking individuality and differentiation exhibited significant differences in age, occupation, and purchase types. Furthermore, the reasons for choosing online platforms for clothing purchases varied significantly based on age and occupation. These findings indicate diverse purchasing behaviors on online platforms influenced by demographic characteristics. These findings can be valuable for effectively segmenting the online fashion market.

Today’s customer service providers, who have the greatest impact on customer satisfaction, are experiencing severe stress and job burnout due to various causes. Unlike general companies, the corporation has a relatively high level of dissatisfaction with customer service since there is a large conflict between the provision of kindness and the reasonable handling of civil complaints according to laws and regulations. In order to analyze the environment of the NPS’ customer service providers, 5.583 branch employees working at the National Pension Service and 407 call center employees were surveyed online using the questionnaire function of the Enterprise resource planning system. The contents of the survey consisted of a survey on customer-facing employees, the level of awareness of customer-facing workers protection measures, and opinions on improvement and supplementation related to customer-facing workers protection measures. As a result of the survey, 72.8% of the total respondents experienced grievance complaints, and the proportion of call center employees was even higher at 89.0%. In addition, both the branch and the call center had the largest share of complaints about obstruction of business, unreasonable demands, abusive language, and verbal abuse. More than 40% of call center employees in their 20s and 30s experienced the highest frequency of complaints 13 or more times a year. The most difficult thing in the process of responding to complaints was that both branch offices and call centers had insufficient psychological recovery time, lack of space, and lack of help from colleagues and superiors. Based on the survey analysis, it is suggested to establish a countermeasure through case analysis rather than the right to suspend work for civil complaints that cannot be handled, such as customized manuals and action strategies for the age group with high grievance complaints.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 아동작업치료 임상에서의 부모 상담과 교육 현황을 파악하고 치료사의 인식을 조 사해봄으로써 효과적인 부모 상담과 교육을 위해 필요한 자료를 제공하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구에서는 부모 상담과 교육에 대한 개념 정립 후, 연구자가 제작한 구조화된 설문지를 사 용하였다. 설문지는 ‘연구 대상에 대한 일반적 정보’, ‘부모 상담과 교육 실태’, ‘부모 상담과 교육에 대한 작업치료사의 인식’의 3가지 영역으로 나뉘며, 총 85개 문항으로 구성되어 있다. 연구 대상자는 현재 임 상에 있는 아동작업치료사로 하였고, 2021년 7월 24일부터 8월 31일까지 설문지 배포 및 회수를 하여 총 228명이 설문에 응답하였다. 결과 : 부모 상담과 교육 현황 결과에 따르면, 상담과 교육은 주로 치료 후 10분 이내로 아동의 ‘모’와 함 께 치료실에서 이루어졌다. 부모 상담과 교육에 대한 치료사의 인식에 따르면, 모든 치료사가 부모 상담 과 교육이 필수적이라고 하였으며, 적절한 부모 상담과 교육의 대상은 ‘부모 모두’라고 응답하였다. 그러 나 현재 임상 현장에서는 상담 및 교육을 위한 별도의 시간과 장소가 부족하고, 부모 모두를 대상으로 상담과 교육 진행이 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 응답자들은 부모 상담과 교육에 대한 프로토콜이 필 요하다고 응답하였으며, 효과적인 부모 상담과 교육을 위해 관련된 교육 이수가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 부모 상담과 교육에 대한 작업치료사의 인식, 내용, 효과, 만족도 간의 상관관계에서는 상담 및 교육 내 용과 치료사의 만족도 결과 간의 상관관계가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 이와 같은 연구의 결과를 토대로 아동작업치료에서 효과적인 부모 상담과 교육을 계획하고 진행할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향후 부모 상담과 교육 프로토콜 또는 가이드라인을 개발하는 데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

시민들의 관심과 사랑을 받는 가로수의 업무가 산림청으로 이관된 시점부터 20년이 지난 현재까지 지방자치단체 17개 광역시·도의 가로수 조성·관리 현황을 조사하고, 가로수업무 담당공무원의 의식조사 결과를 종합하여 가로수의 효율적인 관리 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 먼저 이론적 고찰을 통해 가로수의 정의 및 역사, 기능 및 효과를 살펴보았으며, 가로수업무의 소관부처, 해당 법령 및 정책 등을 알아보았다. 또한 가로수 선정, 기능, 현황 및 분석, 생육환경, 유지관리 등 선행연구를 검토하였다. 가로수 조성·관리 현황 및 실태 조사를 위하여 임업통계연보 및 가로수 조성·관리 사업 실적보고서 등 산림청 통계자료를 활용하여 가로수 신규 조성 현황(수종별, 시·도별), 가로수 누적 조성 현황(수종별, 시·도별), 가로수 관리 현황(내역별, 시·도별) 가로수 민원 현황, 시·도별 가로수 사업비 현황, 산림청 소관 가로수 교육 현황을 조사하였다. 가로수업무 담당공무원의 의식조사는「설문대상자의 신상 및 업무·조직 관련 사항」과「가로수 조성 및 관리 관련 사항」으로 구성하여, 지방자치단체 17개 광역시·도 가로수업무 담당공무원들을 대상으로 조사하였다.

목적 : 본 연구는 최대 근거리 교정 굴절력이 필요한 65세 이상의 대구 지역의 기성 돋보기 사용 실태를 확인 하여 노안 근용 안경 교정의 중요성을 확인하고자 한다. 방법 : 대구, 경북지역에 거주하는 기성 돋보기를 착용 중인 만 65세 이상의 노인 77명 (남자:24명, 여자: 53 명) 144안을 대상으로 타각적 굴절검사와 자각적 굴절검사로 원거리 굴절력을 측정하였다. 원용 및 근용 PD(작업 거리 40 cm)는 PD미터를 이용하여 측정하였다. 참여자들의 측정 PD와 사용 중인 기성돋보기의 광학중심점 간의 거리 차로 발생하는 프리즘 효과는 프렌티스 공식을 이용하여 분석하였다. 기성 돋보기를 구매한 장소와 전문가로 부터의 관련 검사 유무 및 만족도에 대한 설문도 함께 진행하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 비정시의 평균 난시 굴절력은 –1.18±0.47 D를 보였으며(p<0.001, z=-9.414), 0.75~1.00 D 난시 미 교정이 약 38.46% 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. BI 프리즘이 16.67%와 BO 프리즘이 77.78%를 보였으며, 내사위 유발하는 BI 프리즘 굴절력은 0.65±0.15 △, 외사위를 유발하는 BO프리즘 굴절력은 1.34±0.81 △으로 나타났 다. 전체에서 61.04%가 굴절검사와 같은 근용 안경에 필요한 검사 없이 길거리 등과 같은 장소에서 단순 구매한 것으로 나타났으며, 현재 착용 중인 기성 돋보기에 대한 만족도에 대해 절반 이상인 61.52%가 현재 착용하고 있 는 기성 돋보기에 불편함을 갖고 있다고 응답하였고, ‘글자가 흐림’이 주된 원인이었다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과 기성 돋보기는 난시 미교정, 낮은 가입도, 동공간거리와 렌즈의 광학중심점간의 불일치 등 의 요소들이 확인되어 불편함을 호소하였으며, 이러한 불편감을 해소하기 위하여 안보건 전문가인 안경사에게 검 사, 조제가공 및 안경을 구매할 수 있는 사회적, 제도적 변화가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

본 연구는 거베라 주산지인 경북과 경남 지역의 농가 재배 및 스마트팜 현황을 조사하고 분석하고자 수행하였다. 조사방법은 2020년 81 농가를 대상으로 대면 설문조사를 실시하였다. 거베라 경영주 연령은 50∼60대가 71.6%로 가장 많았고, 30∼ 40대가 16%, 70세 이상이 9.9%, 30세 이하는 2.5% 순이었다. 거베라 재배 경력은 5년 이하가 37%였으며, 6∼10년 25.9%, 11∼20년 29.6%, 21년 이상 농가가 7.4%였다. 재배 면적은 0.3 ∼0.6ha가 61.7%로 가장 많았고, 0.3ha 미만이 30.9%, 0.6ha 이상이 7.4%였으며, 전체 평균재배 면적은 0.37ha였다. 거베라 재배 농가당 평균 인력은 자가 노동력 2.1명, 고용 노동력 0.8명 이었다. 재배 방식에서 토경 88.9%, 양액재배 농가는 11.1%였다. 국산품종을 전체 또는 일부라도 재배하고 있는 농가는 61.7%였고 외국산 거베라 품종만 재배하고 있는 농가는 38.3% 였다. 거베라 병해충 발생조사에서 병 발생이 많았다고 응답한 농가는 91.4%였으며, 충 발생이 많았다고 응답한 농가는 98.8% 였다. 스마트팜 시스템을 설치한 농가는 12.3%였으며, 설치하지 않은 농가에서 향후 설치할 의향이 있다고 응답한 농가는 76.9% 였다. 향후 경영계획을 묻는 질문에서 현상유지 80.2%, 축소 8.6%, 경영확대 11.1%였으며, 경영 확대를 대답한 농가는 경북 지역이 8농가로 경남지역 1농가 보다 많았다.

In order to understand basic data for improving the fishing system and fishing vessel structure in coastal improved stow net fishery, a questionnaire survey and on-site hearing were conducted from May 10 to June 11, 2019 to analyze opinions on the improvement of operation status and fishing vessel structure. The questionnaire survey consisted of ten questions on the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and six questions on the improvement of fishing vessel structure, and the results of each question were analyzed by the region, the captain’s age, the captain’s career and the age of fishing vessel. As a result of analyzing opinions on the operation status of the coastal improved stow net fishery, it was found that the average time required for casting net was 32.8 to 33.0 minutes and that the average time required for hauling net was 41.0 to 42.2 minutes which took 10 to 12 minutes more than for casting net. The most important work requiring improvement during fishing operation (the first priority) were ‘hauling net operation,’ ‘readjustment and storage of fishing gear,’ and ‘fish handling’ and the hardest factor in fishing management were in the order of ‘reduction of catch,’ ‘labor shortage’ and ‘rising labor costs.’ The most institutional improvement that is most needed in coastal improved stow net fishery was an ‘using fine mesh nets.’ Most of the respondent to the questions on the experience in hiring foreign crews was ‘either hiring or willing to hire foreign crews,’ and the average number of foreign crews employed was found to be 2.3 to 2.4 persons. The most important reason for hiring (or considering employment) foreign crews was ‘high labor costs.’ The degree of communication with foreign crews during fishing operation were ‘moderate’ or ‘difficult to direct work.’ The most important problem in hiring foreign crews (the first priority) was an ‘illegal departure.’ As the survey results on the opinion of structural improvement of coastal improved stow net fishing vessel, the degree of satisfaction with fishing vessel structure related to fishing operation was found to be somewhat unsatisfactory, with an average of 3.3 points on a five-point scale. The inconvenient structure of fishing vessel in possession (the first priority), the space needed most for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first priority) and the space considered important for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first prioprity) was a ‘fish warehouse.’ The most preferred equipment for the construction of new fishing vessel were ‘engine operation monitoring’ and ‘navigation safety devices.’ The average size (tonnage class), the average horse power and the average total length of fishing vessel for proper profit and safety fishing operation was between 13.8 and 14.0 tonnes, 808.3 to 819.5 H.P. and 23.4 to 23.5 meters, respectively. The results of the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and the requirement for improving the fishing vessel structure are expected to be provided as basic data for reference when we build or improve the fishing vessel.

Interviews and boarding surveys were conducted in order to understand the actual usage of octopus pot in the coastal composite fishery in Jeollanam-do. According to the results of the interviews conduced by visiting the areas (Goheung, Yeosu and Wando), the number of octopus pots per nine-ton vessel were 30,000-80,000, and the number of daily usage pots were 7,000-10,000. The number of octopus pots per four-ton vessel was 40,000, and the number of daily usage pots were 4,000. As a result of the survey on two octopus pot fishing boats (9.77-ton and 4.99-ton) in Yeosu area, the daily catch weight of 9-ton class vessel was the minimum of 66.9 kg and the maximum of 159.6 kg. The daily catch weight of the four-ton class fishing vessel was from 31.3 kg to maximum 85.6 kg. The average number of octopus pot used per day in the nine-ton class vessel was 6,821 (the minimum of 6,031 and the maximum of 7,697) and 3,181 (the minimum of 2,282 and the maximum of 3,878) in the four-ton class vessel.

Although fine dust pollution in Korea is increasing, there is no information regarding nutritional standards for fine dustrelated disease patients. This study analyzed the food and nutrient intake status in adult men with disease associated with fine dust in the area with the increased level of fine dust pollution using the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017). The daily intakes, and average nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) values of energy were significantly increased in the control group compared with patient groups. Compared with the control group, protein, fat and cholesterol intakes were significantly increased in the patient groups. Daily intakes of cereals and grain products in the control group were increased, whereas seasoning intake was decreased in the control group compared with patient groups. The patient groups had low daily water and vitamin B1 intakes, and the niacin intake of patient groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. Nutrition density and nutritional quality of vitamin C were significantly reduced in patient groups. This study can be used as basic data for nutrition education that emphasizes sufficient calorie, water and antioxidant vitamin intakes for patients related to fine dust pollution.

This study was conducted to examine the status of food consumption and nutrition intake of young adults according to food security using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (2008~2018). A total of 10,655 young adults aged 19~34 years participated in the study. The subjects in the moderately/severely food insecure group consumed less fruits, vegetables, meat, nuts and seeds than those in food secure/mildly food insecure group after adjusting for confounding factors. The moderately/severely food insecure group significantly decreased mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus and iron compared to the food secure/ mildly food insecure group. The percentages of the participants consuming a daily diet with carbohydrate, protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, phosphorus and iron less than the estimated average requirement (EAR) increased in the moderately/severely food insecure group compared with the food secure group. This study suggested that the nutrition intake of young adults was related to food security status. These findings can be used as basic data for developing nutritional policies for young adults.