A new variety of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), named 'Alfaking' was developed between 2015 and 2023 at the Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. The variety was produced through artificial hybridization, with ‘Paravivo’ serving as the maternal line and ‘WL514’ as the paternal line. ‘Alfaking’ underwent field tests across four regions (Cheonan, Pyeongchang, Jeongeup, and Jinju) to evaluate its agronomic characteristics and forage production over two years (2022-2023). The dry matter yield of ‘Alfaking’ reached 22,516 kg/ha, which is 11% higher than the control variety, ‘Vernal.’ ‘Alfaking’ exhibited 2.1% higher crude protein content than ‘Vernal’ in forage nutritive value. The development of this new alfalfa variety, which exhibits excellent adaptability to challenging environmental conditions, is expected to enhance forage cultivation and productivity in Korea.

본 시험은 사료가치가 우수하고 엔도파이트에 감염되지 않은 톨 페스큐 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 2010년부터 2017년까지 농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원 초지사료과에서 수행되었다. 톨 페스큐 신품종 ‘그린마스터4호’는 6배체 품종으로서 잎은 녹색이며, 출수기가 5월 16일경으로서 대비품종인 ‘Fawn’ 보다 5일 늦은 중생품종이고, 출수기에 초장은 74.6cm 정도이다. 지역적응시험 4개 지역평균 건물수량은 ‘그린마스터4호’가 16.2톤/ha로서 대비품종인 ‘Fawn’보다 5% 많았으며, 지역별 생산성이 4개 지역 모두에서 ‘Fawn’보다 우수하였다. ‘그린마스터4호’의 사료가치는 조단백질(CP) 함량이 15.2%, 건물소화율(IVDMD)이 70.0%, 가소화양분총량(TDN)이 63.6%, 중성세제불용섬유(NDF)가 58.7%, 산성세제불용섬유(ADF)는 32.0%로서 Fawn보다 높거나 대등하였다. ‘그린마스터4호’는 엔도파이트에 감염되지 않는 품종이면서 ‘Fawn’보다 국내 기후환경 적응성과 영속성이 우수하여 초지조성에 알맞은 품종으로서 우리나라 전국에서 재배 가능하다.

Post-ejaculation of sperms into the female reproductive tract, acquisition of sperm capacitation is an essential step in the fertilization process. Accordingly, during in-vitro fertilization, the successful fertilization requires necessarily induction of capacitation in the retrieved sperms. To date, many candidate substances have been considered as capacitation inducers. However, there were no reports about the comparison of efficiency inducing sperm capacitation among diverse capacitation inducers. Therefore, we tried to determine an inducer showing the best capacitation performance in mouse sperms by comparing the preimplantation development of in-vitro-fertilized embryos using sperms experiencing capacitation by a variety of capacitation inducers. For these, calcium, progesterone, bovine serum albumin (BSA), heparin, lysophosphaticylcholine (Lyso-PC) were used as candidate capacitation inducers. Optimized concentration of each inducer were determined by accessing ratio of sperms experiencing acrosome reaction using coomassie G-250 blue staining. Subsequently, in vitro fertilization was performed using sperms incubated in each optimized concentration inducer. The ratio of fertilized oocytes was observed. As the results, Calcium at 2.7 mM and 0.3% (w/v) BSA showed the highest fertilization rates compared to 15 μM progesterone, 50 mM heparin, and 100 μM Lyso-PC. From these results, we found that 2.7 mM calcium and 0.3% (w/v) BSA were the most effective sperm capacitation inducers of mouse sperm for in vitro fertilization. From these results, we could identify that, among diverse sperm capacitation inducers, 2.7mM calcium and 0.3% (w/v) BSA were the most effective inducers for in vitro fertilization.

The spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), originally distributed across a few Asian countries, including South Korea, has invaded North America and Europe, but is absent from Australia. In order to export the South Korean grape cultivar Campbell Early to Australia, its potential to serve as oviposition and development medium for SWD must first be determined. In this study, we determined the oviposition and development potential of SWD on Campbell Early, after elucidating the SWD life cycle and establishing an artificial diet-based mass-culturing system. An investigation of the life cycle under five temperature regimes (16, 19, 22, 25, and 28°C) showed that the durations of the egg, larval, and adult stages were shorten when temperature was increased from 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28°C, but pupal duration was shortest at 25°C and extended again at 28°C. A test of oviposition and development potential of SWD on Campbell Early grape clusters showed oviposition of 30.8 ± 6.8 eggs per cluster of injured grapes and 157.7 ± 16.2 eggs on a culture dish of artificial diet. However, in a similar experiment using uninjured grape clusters, only a single egg was deposited on the grape skin, which soon dried. In light of these results, newly harvested grapes left at vineyards during daily harvests are unlikely to serve as an oviposition and development medium for SWD, as long as the grapes remain uninjured.

본 시험은 엔도파이트 프리 톨 페스큐 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 2008년부터 2014년까지 농촌진흥청 국립축산과 학원 초지사료과에서 수행되었다. 톨 페스큐 신품종 ‘그린 마스터2호’는 6배체 품종으로서 잎은 녹색이며, 출수기가 5 월 16일경으로서 대비품종인 ‘Fawn’ 보다 5일 늦은 중생품 종이고, 출수기에 초장은 82.5 cm 정도이다. 지역적응시험 4개 지역평균 건물수량은 ‘그린마스터2호’가 15.1톤/ha로서 대비품종인 ‘Fawn’ 보다 29% 많았으며, 지역별로는 4개 지역 모두에서 ‘Fawn’ 보다 생산성이 우수하였다. ‘그린마 스터2호’의 사료가치는 조단백질(CP) 함량이 13.9%, 건물 소화율(IVDMD)이 69.9%, 가소화양분총량(TDN)이 63.8%, 중성세제불용섬유(NDF)가 59.4%, 산성세제불용섬유(ADF) 는 33.5%로서 Fawn과 대등하였다. ‘그린마스터2호’는 엔도 파이트에 감염되지 않는 품종이면서 ‘Fawn’ 보다 국내 기 후환경 적응성과 영속성이 우수하여 초지조성에 알맞은 품 종으로서 우리나라 전국에서 재배 가능하다.

본 시험은 엔도파이트 프리 톨 페스큐 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 2008년부터 2014년까지 농촌진흥청 국립축산과 학원 초지사료과에서 수행되었다. 톨 페스큐 신품종 '그린마스터2호'는 6배체 품종으로서 잎은 녹색이며, 출수기가 5월 16일경으로서 대비품종인 'Fawn' 보다 5일 늦은 중생품종이고, 출수기에 초장은 82.5 cm 정도이다. 지역적응시험 4개 지역평균 건물수량은 '그린마스터2호'가 15.1톤/ha로서 대비품종인 'Fawn' 보다 29% 많았으며, 지역별로는 4개 지역 모두에서 'Fawn' 보다 생산성이 우수하였다. '그린마 스터2호'의 사료가치는 조단백질(CP) 함량이 13.9%, 건물소화율(IVDMD)이 69.9%, 가소화양분총량(TDN)이 63.8%, 중성세제불용섬유(NDF)가 59.4%, 산성세제불용섬유(ADF) 는 33.5%로서 Fawn과 대등하였다. '그린마스터2호'는 엔도파이트에 감염되지 않는 품종이면서 'Fawn' 보다 국내 기후환경 적응성과 영속성이 우수하여 초지조성에 알맞은 품종으로서 우리나라 전국에서 재배 가능하다.

The research developes short-run standardized control charts(SSCC) and short-run acceptance control charts(SACC) under the various demand patterns. The demand patterns considered in this paper are three types such as high-variety and repetitive low-volume pattern, extremely-high-variety and nonrepetitive low-volume pattern, and high-variety and extremely-low-volume pattern. The short-run standardized control charts developed by extending the long-run x-R, x-s and I-MR charts have strengths for practioners to understand and use easily. Moreover, the short-range acceptance control charts developed in the study can be efficiently used through combining the functions of the inspection and control chart. The weighting schemes such as Shewhart, moving average (MA) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) can be considered by the reliability of data sets. The two types according to the use of control chart are presented in the short-range standardized charts and acceptance control charts. Finally, process capability index(PCI) and process performance index(PPI) classified by the demand patterns are presented.

A new Gomchwi cultivar ‘Sammany’ was developed by a cross between Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.) and Handaeri-gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai). Gomchwi is a common Korean name referring wild edible plant species within Ligularia genus. ‘Sammany’ has purple colored petiole ears and petiole trichome is absent. It has 2nd degree leaf vein density. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were 46.2, 19.1, 19.5 and 32.1 ㎝, respectively. Plant height was higher than ‘Gondalbi’. Bolting occurred in mid. July and it flowered from late August to early September. ‘Gondalbi’ bolted and flowered 26 days earlier than ‘Sammany’, and consequently has earlier flowering time more than 26 day. Leaf number of ‘Sammany’ was 156 per plant but ‘Gondalbi’ had 130. ‘Sammany’ had thicker leaves (0.61 ㎜) compared to ‘Gondalbi’ (0.46 ㎜). As a result, yield was higher in ‘Sammany (1,077 g/plant)’ than ‘Gondalbi (798 g/plant)’ and leaf hardness was lower in ‘Sammany (20.8 ㎏/㎠)’ compared to ‘Gondalbi (23.0 ㎏/㎠)’. In addition, ‘Sammany’ was found to be moderately resistant to powdery mildew. With enhanced agronomic and pathology traits, ‘Sammany’ was newly registered as a new Gomchwi cultivar (variety protection no. 131 on May 2017).

Eighteen years have passed since Korea introduced plant variety protection (PVP) system. Korea is being considered as one of the countries which introduced PVP system successfully. However, there have been lots of changes in circumstances surrounding PVP system during this period. Regarding future direction of PVP system in Korea, firstly the function and role of three organizations which now independently operate PVP system need to be reorganized to improve efficiency in PVP operation dealing with global issues. Secondly, authorities need to devise more user-oriented application form and process. This is because breeders feel some difficulties in preparing application documents. Thirdly, Korea has to create sound environments which guarantee effective enforcement of breeders’ rights and secure reliability of the system against infringement. Regarding decision of infringement, a reasonable threshold should be set up to decide whether certain varieties are different from protected varieties or not using both growing test and DNA test. For essentially derived varieties (EDV), authorities need to establish a reasonable threshold to decide whether there is an essential derivation or not. In addition, to prevent dispute between PVP holders and farmers regarding the use of farm saved seeds in the future, clarification of farm saved seed article in legislation is necessary. Lastly, there might be some contradiction between PVP and Nagoya protocol in disclosure of origin, prior informed consent, benefit sharing, etc. In advance of enactment of domestic ABS law, authority needs to study impact of Nagoya protocol on PVP system to minimize confusion and damage on breeders.

향기와 무늬를 갖추어 난 애호가들의 기호도를 높혀 경쟁 력을 갖춘 품종을 육성하고자 SC-017와 대엽혜란을 교배하 여 2013년 상품성이 높은 한국 춘란 ‘줄리(Julie)’를 개발하였다. 줄리(Julie)는 잎 전체에 황색 복륜무늬가 나타나는 것이 큰 특징이며 시간이 지날수록 선명해진다. 위구경 종단면의 모양은 난형이고 횡단면의 모양은 원형이다. 꽃의 크기는 폭 이 4 cm, 길이가 2.7 cm 정도이다. 잎의 길이는 35 ~ 40 cm 로 모본인 SC-017와 대엽혜란보다 작다. 꽃은 재배시 50% 차광을 해주다가 개화 시기인 5월에는 차광을 높여주는 것이 좋다. 고온시에는 도장의 우려가 있으 며 여름철 곰팡이 병해 방지를 위해 철저한 물관리와 통풍 관 리가 필요하다.

본 연구진은 향기와 무늬를 갖추어 기호도를 높여 수입되 는 동양란과 경쟁력을 갖춘 품종을 육성할 목적으로 중국 춘 란 ‘대부귀’와 한국춘란 SC-005를 교배하여 2012년 신품종 ‘아리울’을 육성하였다. ‘아리울’은 황색 복륜무늬와 향기가 있는 한국 춘란 신품종으로 잎의 폭이 넓고 광택이 있으며, 잎 끝에 약간의 비틀림 이 있다. 잎의 길이는 20 cm ~ 25 cm, 폭은 1.2 cm로 모본과 비슷하였다. 꽃은 옥색이며 크기는 폭이 3 cm, 길이가 2.5 cm이었다.

In order to improve high persistence and forage quality, through selection of various superior parental varieties for breeding and synthesis of them with new lines, there are ongoing worldwide studies aiming to enhance the quality of tall fescue through a traditional breeding method by selection and hybridization. A new tall fescue variety (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), named Greenmaster3ho, was developed by the National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration in Korea from 2010 to 2014. For synthetic seed production of this new variety, five superior clones, 09XFa02, 09XFa03, 09XFa11, 09XFa13, and 09XFa14 were selected and polycrossed. The agronomic growth characteristics and forage production capability of the seeds were studied at Cheonan from 2010, and regional trials were conducted in Cheonan, Hoengseong, Jeju, and Jinju from 2012 to 2014. Greenmaster3ho showed enhanced disease resistance, persistence, and regrowth ability as compared to Fawn. The dry matter yield of Greenmaster 2 was 29% higher (15,119 kg/ha) than that of Fawn. However, the nutritive value of both varieties was similar. This study developed a new tall fescue variety with excellent environmental adaptability, aiming to make a contribution to the vitalization of the Korean grassland industry.

Green rice leafhopper(GRH), Nephotettix cincticeps Uhier, is one of the major insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the temperate growing region of East Asia. GRH sucks sap from both xylem and phoem of susceptible rice varieties, and increased GRH populations cause sooty mold disease on the ears of rice after heading stage. In addition to direct plant destruction, GRH also causes damage to rice plants by transmitting rice dwarf viruses causing rice dwarf viruses disease which could decrease the yield of rice. Development of GRH resistant rice varieties for reducing yield loss is an important objective in current breeding programs. In this study, we developed three SSR markers(RM18166, RM516, RM18171) and one Indel marker(Indel15040) which could select Grh1-resistant varieties using population derived from cross lines between Grh1-resistant variety ‘Singwang’ which contains Grh1 gene and susceptible variety ‘Ilpum’. PCR products of RM18166 which was one of the developed markers were easily detected in agarose gel. These markers will be useful for development of the Grh1-resistant varieties through marker-assisted selection(MAS) without bio-examination in rice breeding

‘MS-CDE’와 ‘VFR’의 고정된 계통을 교배하여 특성 및 수량이 우수한 F1 품종인 ‘TY알토랑’을 육성하였다. ‘TY알토랑’의 주요특성은 TMV, TYLCV, 근부위조병, 잎곰팡이병에 내병성이며, 2~3월, 7~9월에 정식하는 품종으로 숙기는 중조생종으로 평균과중 225 g 내외의 고구형의 완숙 대과종토마토이다. 경도가 강하여 저장성이 우수하고 과형이 정연하며, 착과가 안정되어 수량성이 높다. 또한 초세가 강하면서 이상줄기 발생이 적어 재배가 안정적인 품종이다.

This experiment was conducted to develop new black sesame variety with multi-disease resistance and high yield potential. A new sesame variety ‘Daheuk’ was developed from Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute in 2009. Cross was made by ‘Whahuck’ with high disease resistance and F1 line of ‘Yoosung’ and ‘Keunhuck’ with high yields capacity & disease resistance, followed by pedigree selection, yield test and RYT by the sesame breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science and Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute up to 2009. The variety showed higher disease resistance and yield potential rather than that of check variety ‘Yangheuk’. Average stem length and the number of capsules per plant were 117cm, 75 respectively. It’s 1000 grains weight was about 2.80g indicating 0.20g higher than that of ‘Yangheuk’, and it’s protein content was about 25.7% which is higher than that of check variety. ‘Daheuk’ also contained total 3.0mg/g of lignan compounds which is lower than that of ‘Yangheuk’. The average yield of ‘Daheuk’ was 97kg per 10a at the national-wide regional performance.

고품질 녹색자엽 검정콩 신품종 육성 연구의 일환으로 녹색자엽의 유전자원별 녹색의 정도를 평가할 수 있는 엽록소 함량 및 조성과 이들의 유전양상을 검토하고, 유전적 배경을 달리한 녹색자엽 자원을 활용한 녹색자엽 검정콩의 선발 효율을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 유전적 배경이 상이한 녹색자엽 자원을 검정콩 육종프로그램에 도입코자 실시한 특성조사 결과 핵유전 녹색자엽 유전자 d1d2를 보유한 자원은 세포질 유전 녹색자엽 유전자 cytG를 보유한 자원보다 총 엽록소의 함량이 매우 높은 경향이었고, 조성에서는 d1d2 보유 자원은 엽록소 a의 함량이 엽록소 b보다 2배 이상 높고, cytG 보유 유전자원은 엽록소 b의 함량이 엽록소 a 함량 보다 높은 경향이었다. 2. 핵유전 녹색자엽 유전자(d1d2)는 당대의 종실에서 발현되어 F1 세대의 F2 종실에서부터 선발이 가능하며, 2개의 열성유전자에 지배를 받는다. 3. 녹색 종피의 핵유전 녹색자엽(d1d2)과 황색자엽 검정콩(D1D2)의 교배후대에서 검정색 종피에 녹색자엽 종자를 가진 개체는 모본의 유전적 배경에 따라 조금은 다르지만 F2 전체 개체 중 3% 미만의 낮은 비율로 나타나, 향후 핵유전 녹색자엽 검정콩 신품종 육성효율 증진을 위해서는 핵유전 녹색자엽 검정콩 중간모본 개발과 선발방법 개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

BPH(Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a major insect of rice and give a lot of damages around Korea, Japan and East-West Asia. BPH often causes heavy losses of up to 60% of rice crop yields in susceptible cultivars. Especially, increase of the environmental friendly cultivation in South Korea has caused the outbreak of BPH rapidly. But few resistant varieties in Korea have known until now. Utilization of R genes in breeding programs has been the most effective and economical strategy for controlling insect resistance. It is reported that Bph1 gene is located on a long side of chromosome 12 and linked to bph2 among reported 18 R genes. BPH resistant "Iksan529" was derived from a cross between HR22538-GHB-36-4(bph2) and Iksan471 at Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA. Culm length of Iksan529 is 74cm and it shows moderate resistance to blast, and wide spectrum resistance to bacterial blight pathogen(K1, K2, K3) and stripe virus. Especially, Iksan529 was identified bph2 gene using KPM2(co-dominant CAPS marker) and KPM4(resistant-associated marker). When Iksan529 seedling were infested at 2nd and 3rd instar stages of BPH nymphs(Bio-type 1), it showed resistance at one month after infest. Iksan529 will be tested local adaptability for 3 years and deveoped for environmental friendly cultivation.