간행물
한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집
- 발행기관 한국응용곤충학회
- 자료유형 학술대회
- 간기 반년간
- 수록기간 2000 ~ 2024
- 주제분류 농수해양 > 농학 농수해양 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 495DDC 595
권호리스트/논문검색
2012 한국응용곤충학회 정기총회 및 춘계학술발표회 (2012년 5월) 195건
61.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
New record of family of arhynchobdellida leeches (Orobdellidae) from Gageodo Island is presented. We have surveyed for land leeches in Korea from July to September in 2011 and found 1 species. This is Orobdella tsushimensis Nakano, 2011, reported for the first time in Korean Peninsula. This species gets the following characteristics: IV unianulate; 1/2+5 annuli between gonopores; bottle-shaped gastroporal duct; and epididymides in XVII–XIX. According to their morphological features, the diagnosis of O. tsushimensis is slightly emended. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial COI, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12SrDNA, tRNAVal and 16SrDNA markers show that the Orobdella specimen from Gageodo Isl. and O. tsushimensis from Tsushima Island, Japan, form a monophyletic clade and also confirm the identification of the Orobdella specimens from Gageodo Isl.
62.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
캄보디아는 북동쪽으로 라오스, 동쪽과 남쪽으로 베트남, 북쪽과 서쪽으로 태국과 접해있는 국가이다. 육지면적 181,035km2으로 국가의 53%가 산림으로 뒤덮여 있는 나라이다. 생물다양성 보호구역은 캄보디아의 남동쪽에 위치해 있다. 이 지역은 현재 생물다양성 집중지역으로 인식이 되고 있다. 생물다양성 집중지역은 좁은 지역에 특이하게 많은 종이 집중되어 있고 많은 멸종 위기에 처한 생물종이 있는 지역이다. 이곳은 5종의 포유동물, 2종의 조류, 2종의 파충류 등의 멸종위기 종이 다수 서식하고 있다. 현재 국제적인 NGO단체들이 보호구역을 중심으로 연구를 진행하고 있으나, 아직 이 지역에 곤충상에 대해서는 연구가 미흡한 실정이기 때문에, 신종 및 미기록종의 발견이 기대된다. 본 연구는 2009년부터 2011년까지 총 3년 동안 Seima 생물다양성 보호구역에서 sweeping, Light trap 등 다양한 방법을 이용하여 조사를 실시하였다. 곤충상을 조사한 결과, 나비목은 총 14과 122속 172종을 채집하였으며, Pyralidae가 44종으로 가장 많이 채집되었고, Geometridae 39종, Arctiidae 30종 순으로 채집되었다..
63.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Myanmar, which has a total area of 678,500 square kilometers (262,000 sq mi), is the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia, and the 40th-largest in the world. It lies between latitudes 9° and 29°N, and longitudes 92° and 102°E. Much of the country lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Equator. It lies in the monsoon region of Asia, with its coastal regions receiving over 5,000 mm (196.6 in) of rain annually. Annual rainfall in the delta region is approximately 2,500 mm (98.4 in), while average annual rainfall in the Dry Zone, which is located in central Myanmar, is less than 1,000 mm (39.4 in). The average annual temperature is about 27℃(about 80℉). This expedition was conducted two times in two years (8.7~8.17, 2011; 2.2~2.9, 2012). As protected forest from government, these areas were almost natural conservation field. Pitfall trap, sweeping method, light trap and searching etc. were used to collect insect. As the result, totally about 30 families in Coleoptera was collected, among them Oodes species of Carabidae was highest number and species in Chrysomelidae, Cicindelodae, Scarabaeidae and Dynastidae etc., were collected. It was difficult to identification because of lack of references of this areas. Maybe lots of new or new recorded species will discover from Myanmar. Among Coleoptera species, with big sized beetles as the central figure, photos for species of dominant, rare, nominated species of new or new recorded were introduced, and also collecting sites and activities were presented.
64.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The family Arctiidae is a large and diverse family of moths with around 11,155 species of 750 genera (Heppner, 2005) in three subfamilies found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species (Scoble, 1995). The family is characterized in the following characters (Kitching ＆ Rawlins, 1999): hindwing with Sc+R and S fused for about 1/3 length of discal cell, occasionally completely fused, or only fused for 1/4 length of cell; almost always with either fore coxa, patagium, or abdomen orange or red and contrasting with color of dorsal thorax; metathorax with tymbal organs appearing as a striated band on katepisternum. Taxonomic study of the Arctiidae in Cambodia has been done by a few foreign entomologists. As the results of this study, about 90 species of 40 genera belonging to Arctiidae were recorded from Cambodia, most of them are recorded for the first time in Cambodia. Besides, 12 species have not been identified yet. The materials for identification are based on the collection of University of Incheon, which were collected from 2009-2012 in Cambodia by Cambodian and Korean researcher.
65.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Culex orientalis is belonging to the mimeticus group of the genus Culex and shows various patterns of white pale spots on the wing and wing venation which cause an ambiguity to identify as this species. To confirm whether or not these variations are limited within the species, we observed 230 Cx. orientalis specimens collected in Korea and divided them into 51 variations according to their wing spots patterns. To compare a molecular similarity between the variations, the ITS2 regions of five major variations were analyzed. The results showed that there are more than 97% nucleotide sequence similarity between the variations as well as within a variation. This results suggest that the wing variations of Cx. orientalis are limited a within-species divergence. To further confirm, ITS2 regions of other species (Cx. mimeticus and Cx. jacksoni) in the mimetiucs group will be analyzed and compared with those of Cx. orientalis variations.
66.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
사슴벌레과(Lucanidae)는 딱정벌레목(Coleoptera)의 풍뎅이상과(Scarabaeoidea)에 속하며, 세계적으로 약 1,000여 종이 알려져 있고 우리나라에는 17종이 서식하고 있다(백문기 등, 2010). 사슴벌레의 가장 큰 특징은 잘 발달된 큰 턱으로 그 생김새가 매우 다양하고 특이하여, 애완용 곤충 중에서도 가장 인기가 있다. 최근 외국의 애완용 사슴벌레류에 대한 관심과 국내반입이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 살아있는 곤충의 수입은 식물방역법에 따라 금지되어 있으므로 검역과정에서 지속적인 단속이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 성충이 아닌 알 또는 유충은 분류동정이 힘들기 때문에 단속시 어려움이 큰 실정이다. 이에 외국산 애완용 사슴벌레류의 신속하고 정확한 분류동정을 위하여 mtDNA를 이용한 분자생물학적 분류 동정 방법을 구축하고자 2011년부터 DNA barcode를 활용하여 외국산 애완용 사슴벌레류의 연구를 하고 있으며, 현재까지 외국산 41종 318개체, 국내산 7종 23개체의 분석을 완료하였다.
67.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Many species of the genus Bradysia larvae are known as agriculture pest, because they are feed on stem or root of agriculture plants. Even though the damages are made by larval stages, the immature stages are hardly identified morphologically. The partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene are constructed for 25 species of Bradysia with the identified voucher specimens. Comparing these data, Bradysia procera, and B. sp.1 (tilicola Group) could be identified from the larvae specimens by molecular COI universal region. Bradysia atracornea, B. nomica, and B. difformis are also confirmed from the larval samples in greenhouse crops, chinese cabbage, onion, and scallion etc. The mean Kimura two-parameter (K2P) interspecific divergence of genus Bradysia was 16.78%, and mean K2P intraspecific divergence was 0.52%. DNA
68.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
등에모기류는 암컷이 산란하기 위하여 흡혈하는 위생해충으로 전 세계적으로 BLU, Rift valley fever등의 질병을 옮기는 매개곤충으로서 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 등에모기류는 전 세계에 총 5아과 119속 6000여종으로 기록되어있으며, 그 중 한국 곤충 총 목록(2010)에 수록된 한국산 등에모기류는 2아과 2속 31종으로 기록되어있다. 국내 등에모기류의 연구는 Arnaud(1956), Tokunaga와 같은 외국 학자들에 의해 초창기에 연구가 이루어졌으며, Cho and Chong(1974)은 전국적인 조사에서 미기록종 16종을 추가하여 30종의 한국산 등에모기의 목록을 발표하였다. 이 후 강철환과 유효석, (1997), 이유진과 홍한기(1994)에 의해 연구가 이루어졌다. 그 밖에 농촌진흥청에서 논생태계 조사 시 등에모기를 생물상의 일종으로 조사하였으며(한민수, 2008), 수서곤충상 조사 시에 생물상의 일원으로 조사가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 연구들은 명확한 분류 동정이 된 상태에서 정확히 이루어지는 것이기 때문에 정확한 종동정을 위한 한국산 등에모기류의 분류학적 연구가 시급하다 할 수 있다. 주변국의 등에모기의 분류학적 연구현황을 살펴보면, 일본산 등에모기류는 4아과 15속 194종, 중국산 등에모기류는 4아과 35속 738종으로 기록되어 한국산 등에모기도 더욱 많은 종이 기록될 것으로 전망된다. 문헌 조사 결과 Tokunaga(1958), Das Gupta and Writh(1968)에 의해 한국산 2신종이, 북한산 등에모기는 Szadziewski and Havelka(1984)가 2종, Szadziewski(1992) 1종, Borkent and Grogan(1995)에 의해 1종이 신종 발표되었다. 한국산(북한산 포함)종으로 기록된 등에모기는 6속 37종으로 확인하였다. 앞으로 한국산 등에모기류의 분류동정 연구를 실시하며, 형태적 특징, 암수 및 유충의 일치화, 형태유사종의 구분을 위한 분자생물학적 연구 등을 통해 분류체계를 만들어 위생곤충으로서 연구에 기초를 제공코자 한다.
69.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Myanmar, which has a total area of 678,500 square kilometers (262,000 sq mi), is the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia, and the 40th-largest in the world. It lies between latitudes 9° and 29°N, and longitudes 92° and 102°E. Much of the country lies between the Tropic Of Cancer and the Equator. It lies in the monsoon region of Asia, with its coastal regions receiving over 5,000 mm (196.9 in) of rain annually. Northern regions of the country are the coolest, with average temperatures of 21 ℃ (70 ℉). Coastal and delta regions have an average temperature of 32 ℃ (86.9 ℉). This expedition was conducted two times in two years. First, collecting expeditions of insect were conducted in Popa resort, Myanmar from Aug. 7, 2011 to Aug. 17, 2011. Second, collecting expeditions of Insect were conducted in Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park (AK National Park), Myanmar from Feb. 2, 2012 to Feb. 9, 2012. As a Protected area of the Forest department, these areas were almost natural conservation field and limited to collection actions. Usually on day time, butterflies collected by sweeping net, like various plants, they shows high diversity. Some Papilionidae species are difficult to meet because they fly very high and fast, usually they visit to top of trees. Up to now, 60 species of 7 families were confirmed. Materials are expected more than 100 species belonging to 10 families but it was difficult to identification because of lack of references of this areas. Among them, with rare species, manifold butterflies are provided with photos, ecological notes and activities of Myanmar.
70.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
This study was conducted to identify an insect species in Genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) that gave serious damage to the red bean, Vigna angularis. The species has ever been described as O. zaguliaevi in the previous presentation (Jung et al., 2010). Because, however, inconsistent information has been recognized for the species, we reviewed characteristics in morphological, molecular and sex pheromone levels, and host-range. Male genitalia had 3-lobed uncus and tibia of midleg showed massive type. The morphology indicated that the species might be one of O. zaguliaevi, O. scapulalis and O. zealis. Partial nucleotide sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) and Ⅱ genes were not identical with those of the 3 species in GenBank, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of COⅠ was not identical with that of O. zealis. In the 23 analyses that sex pheromones were checked, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, which was reported in the sex pheromone components of both O. zaguliaevi and O. zealis, was not detected at all. An intensive study in Japan has reported that the feeding habit of O. scapulalis is polyphagous, while that of O. zaguliaevi is monophagous (only in Petasites japonicus) (Ishikawa et al., 1999). After considering all these information, we concluded that it is reasonable to decide that the insect species in the red bean in Korea is O. scapulalis.
71.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Brentidae, a family of primitive weevils, is associated with dead woods mainly in the tropical rain forests and includes approximately 1,750 species worldwide. The genus Cyphagogus has been known more than 60 species from Madagascar to Samoa and Fiji islands and from Japan to Australia and Tasmania. Twelve species were previously recognized from Asia and Oriental region, among them three species from Japan, two from China. One male of the genus Cyphagogus was collected during faunal studies of wood-boring insects in the Gwangneung forest of South Korea in 2011. The species was identified as C. iwatensis Morimoto, which was described on two female specimens in 1976. This is the first discovery of the male of C. iwatensis as well as the first record of the genus and species in the country. Diagnosis and photographs of the detailed diagnostic characters including line drawing of male genitalia are provided in the present study, with a key to the East Asian species of bipunctatus-group.
72.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
In the process of revising the tachinid subgenus Linnaemya Robineau-Desvoidy of South Korea, three species are recognized as new to the country: Linnaemya pallidohirta Chao, L. scutellaris (Malloch) and L. lateralis (Townsend). They belong to the oralis species group of the subgenus. L. scutellaris (Malloch) and L. lateralis very closely resemble each other so that they need to be identified with caution. We here provide detailed redescriptions and illustrations with their diagnostic characters indicated.
73.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The family Tineidae (Lepidoptera), known as fungus moths or tineid moths, contains more than 3,500 species in over 320 genera (Robinson & Nielsen, 1993). It has been known 26 species in 17 genera from Korea (Byun et al., 2009). In this study, two species, Monopis congestella (Walker) and Harmaclona tephrantha (Meyrick), are reported from Korea for the first time. According to Nasu et al. (2008), larvae of M. congestella were founded from nests of Goshawk and Ural Owl and the species distribute South-East Asia and Japan. The genus Harmaclona is known from the Oriental, Ethiopian Regions and the New World but only from China in North-East Asia (Huang, 2010). The adult photos and genitalia illustrations of those two species are provided.
74.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
보현산 다목적 댐 건설지역은 경상북도 영천시 화북면에 위치하며, 2009년 12월 7일부터 건설 시작되었다. 본 조사는 댐 건설로 인한 이 지역의 곤충상 변화를 알아보고자 실시하였으며, 댐 건설의 진행에 따른 주요종, 고유종 또는 특이종들의 변화과정과 종 구성 변화에 대해서도 알아보고자 하였다. 보현산 다목적 댐 건설지역 을 총 3구역 7개 정점조사구를 설정하여 2010년 10월 2일 부터 2012년 3월 17일까지 매년 4회 분기를 나누어 총 7회 현지조사를 실시하였다. 조사는 주간조사를 실시 하였으며 조사방법으로는 쓸어잡기법(sweeping), 털어잡기법(beating), 채어잡기법(brandishing), 흡충관 이용, 예상 서식지 조사 및 돌 들추기 등의 임의 채집법 등을 중심으로 조사지역 내의 여러 장소에서 실시하고, 서식 환경에 따라서 적절한 조사방법을 이용하여 가급적 다양한 분류군이 확인되도록 하였다. 그리고 현장에서 쓸어잡기법으로 조사된 채집물은 80% 이상 알코올 액침 또는 지퍼팩에 임시 보관하여 실험실에서 sorting, 실체현미경에서 동정, 분류하였다. 동정시 확인하는데 시일이 걸리는 미소종은 제외하였다. 조사결과 2010년 3분기 8목 26과 44속 47종, 2011년 1분기 6목 12과 24종, 2011년 2분기 9목 59과 149종, 2011년 3분기 10목 50과 121종, 2011년 4분기 10목 35과 84종, 2012년 1분기 5목 17과 33종이 출현하였으며 전체 조사결과는 총 13목 95과 306종으로 조사되었다.
75.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
사체의 사후경과시간을 추정하는데 사체에 출현하는 검정파리과 곤충을 이용할 때 파리 종의 정확한 동정이 요구된다. 최근 미토콘드리아DNA(mtDNA)의 염기서열이 종의 동정에 많이 이용되고 있으며, COI-II 유전자 부위는 상대적으로 염기서열 변화가 많기 때문에 종간의 분류를 위한 마커로 적합하다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에는 부산에서 채집된 검정파리과에 속하는 파리들의 mtCOI의 염기서열을 분석하고, GenBank에 등록된 종들과 비교하였다. COI 염기서열의 한 부분을 증폭하여, 염기서열들을 398 bp 크기로 정렬하였다. 전체 34종의 계통수에서 Lucilia 와 Calliphora 속 사이는 확연한 계통학적 분리가 나타났지만, 동일 속내 일부 종 사이에서 계통학적 거리가 나타나지 않았다. 계통수에서 C. stygia 와 C. albifrontails, C. augur 와 C. dubia, L. cuprina와 L. sericata 및 L. caesar 와 L. illustris 사이에서는 혼합된 집락이 나타났다. 전제 34종 가운데 표본이 1개체뿐인 종을 제외한 16종에서 종내 염기서열 변이도를 조사한 결과 ~ 0.044까지의 종내 염기서열변이도를 나타내었으며, 종 내의 염기변이결과로 각 종에 따라 1 ~ 17개의 haplotype 이 관찰되었다. 동일 종 내에서 다양한 haplotype이 보임으로서 종의 동정에 이용될 수 있는 염기서열의 정보가 매우 제한적임이 시사되었다. 다양한 지역에서 다수의 개체를 이용한 연구를 통하여 각 종들에 대한 종내 변이의 범위를 확인하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
76.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
As one of the subfamilies of Crambidae, Spilomelinae comprises about 3767 species in the world (Solis and Maes, 2002), and this subfamily is characterized by the following characteristics: Chaetosema absent, antenna filiform, labial palpus and proboscis well developed, forewing with R3 and R4 stalk at base, or R2, R3 and R4 stalked, but R5 single, 2A and 1A form a loop; hindwing Sc+R1 stalked with Rs; male genitalia with gnathos absent or rudimentary, but uncus well developed, shape various. Cambodia is a country that bordered by Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Gulf of Thailand in Southeast Asia. The total area is 181,035 km2. It is also a country with high biodiversity, of them, 212 mammal species, 536 bird species, 240 reptile species, 850 freshwater fish species, and 435 marine fish species, but only a few studies about the fauna of Lepidoptera there. Accordingly, to survey the diversity of Lepidoptera is of great significance for systematic study in Cambodia. In this research, we started our survey from 2009, up to now, we got numerous Pyraloidea from Cambodia, in this study, we identified 48 species belonging to 36 genera of Spilomelinae, most of them are reported for the first time in Cambodia, and some specimen could not be identified which we will report in future. All the materials examined come from the collection of University of Incheon.
77.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
We reviewed the Korean species belonging to the Tribe Dendometrini. Of the previously recorded five species in Korea, Athousius humeralis (Miwa, 1927) and Limoniscus rufipennis (Lewis, 1894) are confirmed as the misidentification of Ampedus basalis (Mennerheim, 1852) and Corymbitodes sp., respectively. It is suggested to exclude these species in the Korean fauna. In addition, the records of Limonius eximius (Lewis, 1874) and Limoniscus vittatus (Candèze, 1873) are also questionable since no specimens available in this study. We actually examined three species throughout this study. Limoniscus kraatzi ((Candèze, 1879) is recognized as the mostly abundant species in the Korean fauna. A new species, Cidnopus nigronitidus sp. nov. and a new record of Limoius scutellaris (Dolin, 2003) comb. nov. are recognized in Korea.
78.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Tortricinae is the one of three subfamilies (Tortricinae, Olethreutinae and Chlidanotinae) in the Tortricidae and widely distributed around the world. It has been divided into 11 tribes (Horak and brown, 1991). The subfamily can be distinguished from other subfamilies by the two rings of scale on each antenna segment, and the caulis articulated with the juxta by a short membrane. A total of 1010 named species are presenting in Palaearctic region (Razowski, 2008) including 382 species of six tribes are distributed in Europe (Razowski, 2003), more than 260 species were recorded from South East Asia (Robinson, Tuck and Shaffer, 1994). The fauna of Tortricinae in Vietnam is poorly known even some expeditions were previously done by some foreign entomologist. For Vietnamese entomologist, the first investigation on insect pest of agricultural crops was done by National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP) in the period 1977-1978 and 1997-1998 with only seven Tortricidae species were recorded. In the year, 2000 Kuznetzov annotated a list of 208 tortricid species from Vietnam. Recently, more than 80 species of 31 genera belong to Tortricinae are announced from 2008 to 2009 by Razowski. Of them, 33 species were described as new to science from Vietnam. At present, the tortricid fauna of Vietnam is estimated approximately 315 species (Svetlana V. Nedoshivina, 2010). In this study we briefly reviewed of subfamily Tortricinae in Northern part of Vietnam. Totally, 28 species of 13 genera are recognized, but only 9 species were previously recorded. Besides, Some unidentified species are waiting for further study. The materials for identification are based on the collection of University of Incheon, which were collected from 2004-2010 in the Northern part of Vietnam by Vietnamese and Korean entomologist.
79.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
최근 서남해안 일대를 중심으로 염생식물의 일종인 갯개미자리(Spergularia marina (L.))를 농가에서 소득작물로 많이 재배하고 있다. 갯개미자리에 발생하는 주요해충은 땅강아지(Gryllotalpa orientalis), 등심무늬들명나방(Nomophila noctuella), 목화진딧물(Aphis gossypii) 등 14종이다. 무가온 비닐하우스에서 갯개미자리를 재배시 작물의 생육시기별로 발생하는 주요해충을 조사한 결과, 생육초기(8∼10월)에는 땅강아지, 집게벌레목(Dermaptera) 1종, 생육중기(10∼11월)에는 검거세미나방(Agrotis ipsilon), 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura), 등심무늬들명나방, 채소바구미(Listroderes costirostris), 생육후기(3∼5월)에는 목화진딧물, 뿌리응애 (Rhizoglyphus echinopus), 가루응애과(Acaridae) 1종이 발생하여 피해를 주었다. 무가온 하우스에서 갯개미자리의 생육시기별 주요 피해증상으로, 땅강아지와 집게벌레목 1종은 땅 속을 파고 다니기 때문에 갯개미자리 유묘가 떠서 말라죽고, 검거세미나방, 등심무늬들명나방 유충은 땅 속에 숨어있다 밤에 나와 줄기를 잘라 먹으며, 뿌리응애와 가루응애과 1종은 뿌리를 가해하였다. 하우스 갯개미자리에 발생하는 해충의 대부분이 지상보다는 줄기나 뿌리에 피해를 주는 해충이었고, 목화진딧물만 지상부위를 가해하는 해충이었다.
80.
2012.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Maize weevil (Sittophilus zeamais) and Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) are the dominant species among the stored grain insect pests of the rice grain and bran. This experiment was conducted to investigate developmental characteristic and damages of S. zeamais and P. interpunctella on the rice. Under five constant temperatures, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃, developmental periods from egg to adult of Sittophilus zeamais were 43.0, 36.4, 29.2, 20.8 and 16.3 days, respectively. With egg periods being 9.6, 7.3, 5.2, 3.2 and 2.6 days, and larval periods being 25.2, 22.6, 19.8, 14.5 and 11.3 days, and adult periods being 129.3, 116.1, 108.6, 89.2 and 73.3 days, respectively. Damages of S. zeamais adult at 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ were 67.2, 96.2, 134.0 and 174.5 for 24hr on the rice. Damages of P. interpunctella larval 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ were 56.2, 78.3, 109.4 and 138.7 for 24hr on the rice. The duration of maximum occurrence were June to August for S. zeamais, late May to early August for P. interpunctella.
