ThePurposeofthispaperisastudy on thecharacteristicsofCampidogliohillplan byMichelangelo. 1.TheplanoftheCampidogliohilliscomposedoftheharmonizedandunitedspace, in spiteoftheexisting conditionsofa steep flightofland,a irregularsiteshape,a building ofeach otherdifferentdimension and form.Anditisnewly changedby site left through the modification of existing building elevation,utilization of existing buildingfornew planning,connectionwithexistingbuildingandnewlyplannedbuilding from plazacompositionoftrapezoidform. 2.Theconceptofplanning oftheCampidogliohillisplanned by compromising for requirements of Baroque after Renaissance which urban planning characteristics of Baroqueisastherelationwithurbanstreetthroughainclinedstairsandprocesssuch asstreet-approachstairs-plaza-symbolofinsideplaza-building. 3.The section plan ofthe Campidoglio hillis planned by which can be easily approached to theplazathrough theinclined stairsofgentleanglefrom streetatthe centereast-westdirection ofmain axis such asmain axis,utilizing theexisting site shape,anditiscomposed oftheconvex shapeascending gently atthecentercentral partoftheplaza. 4.The plan ofthe Campidoglio hillis composed ofthe elation with the axis of existing Senatorio palace,building planning ofperfectbalance,plaza composition of reversedtrapezoidform bybuildingplanning,centralconcentratedplanningofbuildings surroundingplaza. 5.ThethreepalaceoftheplanoftheCampidogliohilliscomposedoftheconceptas theaterwhichthestagebackgroundformsthefrontelevationofSenatoriopalacehigher two palace and the wings of either side of stage form the front elevation of Conservatoripalaceand Nuovopalace,surrounding threepalaceelevation around plaza oftrapezoidform.

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki KB100 isolated from the domestic soil have the most effective activity against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua larva. The tannic acid as protease inhibitor might be increased the efficacy of sublethal concentrations of B. thuringiensis. The tannic acid was identified as a protease inhibitor that could increased the efficacy of sublethal concentrations of B. thuringiensis. Mixture of B. thuringiensis and tannic acid was investigated the mortality of S. exigua larva in the laboratory and field. When B. thuringiensis treated to 2nd larva of S. exigua, mortality was shown 54.4%. However, mixtures of B. thuringiensis with 4 and 40 mM tannic acid were increased mortalities to 2nd larva of S. exigua as 64.0 and 95.5%, respectively. Also, synergy effect of mixture of B. thuringiensis and 40 mM tannic acid was increased the mortality of S. exigua 3rd larva to 93.3%, even though 60.0% mortality with only B. thuringiensis treatment. On the other hand, the mortality of mixture with B. thuringiensis and 80 mM tannic acid was 53.3% lower than B. thuringiensis single treatment. In the welsh onion field, the accumulated mortalities of 3 times replicated with mixture of B. thuringiensis and 40 mM tannic acid were 83.9, 89.4 and 66.8% compare with 61.8, 80.4 and 47.3% as only B. thuringiensis treatment, respectively.

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai CAB109 isolated in Korea is known active against Spodoptera sp.. Especially, B. thuringiensis aizawai CAB109 isolates showed 100% mortality against Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua. To screen highly active B. thuringiensis, the pathogenicity of B. thuringiensis CAB109 was compared with that of commercialized B. thuringiensis products. LC₅₀ values of CAB109, product TB-WP and product SC strains of B. thuringiensis were 1.3x10⁵, 2.3x10⁶ and 5.2x10⁵ cfu/㎖ against the 2nd larva of S. litura and 1.8×10⁴, 1.3×10⁶ and 1.5×10⁶ cfu/㎖ against the 2nd larva S. exigua, respectively. To determine new gene"s existence and absence, the plasmid DNA was extracted, and compared to that of B.t. aizawai HD-133. Both B. thuringiensis were not like plasmid DNA pattern. PCR technique was used to predict both plasmid DNA"s cry gene. PCR products analysis showed that B.t. CAB109 harbor Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1C and Cry1D and B.t. HD-133 has Cry1Aa and Cry1Ab, respectively.

Biological-control-based-integrated-pest-management of major pests occurring on sweet pepper in greenhouse during summer season was tried. As many as 2.1 Orius laevigatus per ㎡ were released in two times on June 6 and 19, and the population of thrips was kept under control and accordingly the damage was negligible throughout the season. To control aphids, a total of 0.8 Aphidius colemani per ㎡ were released in four times, 0.2 of them at a time, flonicamid on May 14 and July 18 and pymetrozine on June 14 and September 4 were sprayed on the spots of high aphid occurrence to reduce the release of the wasp, and the density of aphids was kept under control. Whitefly was controlled successfully by releasing a total of 343.4 Amblyseius swirski per ㎡ in nine times, 38.1 of them at a time, from May 9 until November 12 and dinotefuran was sprayed on November 12 when the density of whitefly increased up to 200 per trap. Tetranichus kanzawai was controlled by both Phytoseiulus persimilis which was released a total of 44.4 per ㎡ in five times 8.9 of them at a time from May 23 to September 10, and the A. swirski which was released for the control of whitefly.

To investigate resistance of Myzus persicae, which is resistant to etofenprox belonging to pyrethriods, to other insecticides, fenpropathrin and thiamethoxam, mortality and LC₅₀ values for these two insecticides against the etofenprox-resistant and -susceptible populations were obtained and EPG analysis for feeding behaviors of thiamethoxam or fenpropathrin treated and non-treated M. persicae was conducted. For fenpropathrin, mortality after 48 h treatment was 28 and 29%, respectively for the resistant and susceptible population. The LC₅₀ value was 193.15 and 93.46 ppm, respectively. For thiamethoxam, mortality after 48 h treatment was 87 and 57%, respectively for the resistant and susceptible population. The LC₅₀ value was 3.17 and 30.34 ppm, respectively. There was no significant difference in feeding behavior between fenprorpathrin treated and non-treated M. persicae. They showed a continuous feeding pattern. However, contact signal frequency increased in the thiamethoxam treated M. persicae 1 hour after treatment and significant difference was shown.

Host preference was tested on the 7 species plants against ggot-mae-mi, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). This insect highly preferred Ailanthus altissima and Vitis vinifera however, didn"t choose the other plants preferentially. Both nymphs and adults lived longest in A. altissima and V. vinifera but lived in short and low ecdysis rate against other plants and 3 species fruits. By analyzing the phloem-feeding behavior using EPG, L. delicatula was showed the short time in non-probing phase and it also exhibit the longest feeding time in A. altissima and V. vinifera, but other plants did not feed the phloem at all. In sugar contents analysis, A. altissima existed high sucrose proportion and followed by fructose＞glucose, V. vinifera was analyzed by an order of glucose＞ fructose＞maltose＞sucrose＞rhamnose, Malus pumila was as glucose＞ fructose, Pyrus calleryana was as glucose＞unkown＞fructose, Hibiscus syriacus was as sucrose＞glucose. Nymphs and adults of L. delicatula lived longest in 5% sucrose solution, and next is in 5% fructose solution. However, they lived short in other sugar solutions. L. delicatula nymph and adult according to the combination of sugar proportion found in original plants lived longer in sugar combination solution of A. altissima and those of V. vinifera was next. Analyzed original sugar proportion from M. pumila, P. calleryana, H. syriacus respectively, L. delicatula lived short period comparing to the A. altissima, V. vinifera. This result was judged that sugar contents affected on choosing the host plants.

There was different between two differential geographical and environmental condition areas on elytra color expression patterns of the multicolored Asian lady beetles (Harmonia axyridis). Especially, it was investigated that expression rates of melanic patterns (conspicua, spectabilis and axyridis) relatively increased in overwintering populations collected in highly mean temperature and longer cumulative daylength area. In addition, in the same collection site, the seasonal difference had influenced on color patterns of H. axyridis. Although these effects didn"t were not observed in the laboratory, environmental conditions such as temperature or cumulative daylength might be factors that gave an effect on color pattern formation.

본 연구는 시중에서 판매되는 고추 역병저항성 대목품종을 이용한 시설내 접목재배시 기존의 실생묘와 비교하여 공급양액의 EC 수준에 따른 고추 접목묘들의 생육과 생리적 반응을 알아보고자 하였다. 접목을 위한 대목으로 '카타구루마', '코네시안 핫', '탄탄'의 3가지 품종을 사용하였고, 대조구로 실생 품종 '녹광' 접수로 이용하였다. 공급양액의 EC 조건에 따른 접목묘와 실생묘의 생육과 생리적 반응 시험을 위해 공급 양액의 EC를 각각 1.5, 3.0, 5.0dS/m로 설정하여 비교시험을 수행하였다. 공급양액의 EC 수준에 따른 생육은 실생묘와 접목묘 모두 EC 수준이 높아질수록 억제되는 경향을 보였다. 접목묘 중 '카타구루마'가 EC 5.0dS/m에서 다른 품종들에 비해서 생육이 상대적으로 양호하였다. 단, EC 조건에 따른 생육은 재배시험 시기에 따라 다소 차이가 있었다. 무기양분의 흡수는 T-N과 P 농도는 EC 수준이 높을수록 증가하였으며, Ca과 Mg은 흡수량이 감소하였다. 광합성 능력은 실생묘는 EC 1.5와 3.0dS/m 수준간에 차이가 없으나, EC 5.0dS/m 수준에서 낮게 나타났다. 접목묘들도 EC 5.0dS/m 수준에서 광합성 능력이 낮아지는 결과를 보였다. SOD 활성도는 EC 수준에 따라 일정한 경향이 나타나지 않았으며, APX 활성도는 EC 5.0dS/m 수준에서 활성도가 높게 나타났다. 추후 더 다양한 대목들을 이용한 비교시험이 필요하며, 저온신장성과 내염성이 강한 대목 품종의 개발을 위한 연구의 필요성이 높다.

Five kinds of odorous aldehyde were investigated at industrial complex in Busan. Samples were collected by DNPH cartridge at 24 work places, 81 samples in 44 sites, and analysed by HPLC/UV system. Acetaldehyde was detected in 78 samples with range of 1.2~299.7 ppbv. Propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and i-valeraldehyde were detected in 7 samples, 11 samples, 2 samples and 9 samples, respectively. Measured concentration of propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and iso-valeraldehyde were ranged 14.8~74.1 ppbv, 1.6~132.0 ppbv, 11.7~13.3 ppbv and 113.9~8858.9 ppbv, respectively. Among total analysed samples, 15 samples were over than degree 3 of calculated odor intensity. All of i- Valeraldehyde detected samples were showed over than degree 3. The work places subsisted aldehydes with high concentrations were related with leather-factory wastes disposal plant, leather, feedstuff, producing synthetic seasoning and textile mill.

카툰 렌더링은 셀 애니메이션과 유사한 효과를 주기 때문에 사실적인 렌더링 기법과 비교해서 친근한 느낌을 준다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 이런 이유로 컴퓨터 게임이나 애니메이션에 많이 이용되고 있다. 카툰 렌더링은 윤곽선과 음영을 얼마만큼 효과적으로 표현할 수 있느냐에 따라 결과의 질이 달라진다. 본 논문에서는 기존 카툰 렌더링 기법의 한계를 극복하는 새로운 카툰 렌더링 기법을 제시하려 한다. 제시된 기법은 물체의 특성을 강조한 쉐이딩과 효과적인 라인 드로잉을 바탕으로 하고 있으며, 기존의 카툰 렌더링 기법과는 차별화되는 것으로 게임 분야에서 널리 사용될 것으로 예상된다.

최근들어 수입량이 급증되고 있는 차가버섯의 분류체계를 확립하고, 이들 종 및 계통간의 유연관계 확립과 품종 구분을 위해 계통학적 정보를 지닌 ITS 영역의 염기서열, PCRRFLP 및 STS 프라이머를 사용하여 종 특이적인 마커를 개발하였다. 시베리아 캄차카 반도에서 수집된 74008 균주의 염기서열을 이용하여 Inonotus spp.의 유연관계를 분석한 결과 2개의 그룹으로 나뉘어 졌고, I. obliquus DSM 856P균주와 약 98%의 가장 높은 유사성을 나타내어 차가버섯임이 확인되었다. 또한 ITS 증폭산물을 제한효소로 처리하여 밴드패턴을 비교하였을 때 종 및 계통에 따라 밴드가 다르게 나타났으며, STS primer를 이용하여 증폭산물을 비교하였을 때 종간에는 밴드패턴이 다르나 계통내에서는 동일한 밴드패턴을 보였다. 따라서 차가버섯의 품종 구분을 위해서는 STS 마커와 PCR-RFLP를 동시에 사용함으로서 품종 구분이 좀 더 명확하리라 사료된다.

As a results of comparing with fire occurrences and gross national income(GNI), annual fire increasing rate has been 5.6%, and that of GNI has been 11% for the past 55 years. As GNI shows 5.4% higher than fire occurrences, economy growing rate is faster than that of fires. In addition, study has been done every 10 years from 1950's to 2000's. Fire occurrences increase twice as much annually and GNI increases above 3.3 times as much.

The number of high-rise buildings already constructed and/or being constructed is getting increased both domestically and internationally, for example, Lotte world 2 in seoul and taipei 101 in taiwan, respectively Maintenances of those skyscrapers, especi

‘표준화(standardization)’란 일상적이고 반복적으로 일어나는 문제에 대해 주어진 여건 하에서 최적의 질서를 달성하고자 하는 일련의 활동으로 정의 할 수 있다. 현재 풍력자원지도의 범례는 표준화가 이루어지지 않은 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내․외의 풍력자원지도 구현 사례를 조사하고 우리나라에 적합한 범례를 구성하여 제시하고자 하였다. 국내외 사례연구 외에 색채의 기능과 각 색상별 감정효과를 연구하여 이를 기반으로 보라색, 분홍색, 파란색, 초록색, 황토색으로 이루어진 범례를 구성하였다. 그러나 풍력밀도에 따른 풍력자원지도 범례 구분에 대한 연구가 더 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the various balanced information for sports news provided by domestic daily papers was performed around Chosun Ilbo․Joongang Ilbo․Donga Ilbo․Hangyeorae Newspapers․Gyeonghyang Newspapers and others for a mon

This Study constructs a dashboard system to synthetically and systematically monitor national R&D information based on data warehouse Managing the national R&D statistics and trend is important since it provides data for policies and decision making for n

The purpose of this research is to find the reasons of overcrowding in the emergency department of an hospital, then to shorten the total stay time of patients The fact that main causes of the overcrowding exist in the process of the emergency department