The objectives of this study were to characterize the physicochemical properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and the optimum extract processing condition to increase the solubilization efficiency of 6-gingerol and polysaccharides disintegration. The physicochemical properties were investigated under high-pressure enzyme (HP) and enzyme (WB) treatment conditions such as reaction time (1, 2, 3 h), pressure (50, 70, 100 MPa) and sample types, and cell wall degradation enzyme (hemicellulase, cellulase, pectinase, glucosidase, etc.) The effect of high-pressure enzyme treatment depending on sample types was significantly highest in the freeze-dried ginger powder. The optimum condition for high-pressure enzyme treatment was with Pectinex Ultra SP-L (Pec) enzymes for 2 h at 50oC and 100 MPa. Water soluble indexes increased 4.6 and 3.8 times more compared to CON (15.35%) while total polyphenol contents increased by 1.8 and 1.7 times compared to CON (1.43%). The total contents of indicator components such as 6, 8, 10-gingerol and shogaol was 1.53%, increasing 2.7 times more compared to CON (0.57%) with a significant difference (p<0.001). The high-pressure and enzymatic approach described in this study would be beneficial to food industries for developing ginger functional product and materials.

분자체(molecular sieve)로 알려진 제올라이트 분리막 중에 8-membered ring(8 MR) 구조를 지닌 제올라이트를 다공성 지지층 위에 연속적인 분리막 형태로 제작하고자 한다. 8 MR 구조 중에서도 소수성을 띠는 제올라이트 기반으로 높은 이산화탄소 선택적인 분리 능력을 보이고자 한다. 특히, 이산화탄소를 분자 크기가 큰 질소나 메탄으로부터 분리하는 게 아니라, 도전적인 과제로서 수분이 존재하는 feed 조건에서 높은 이산화탄소 분리 능력을 지닐 수 있도록 분리막을 제작하고자 한다. 이번 발표에서는 최근에 얻은 제올라이트 분리막을 만드는 방법과 그 방법으로 제작한 제올라이트 분리막의 이산화탄소 분리능력에 대해 발표하고자 한다.

This study was carried out to determine the optimal storage conditions by examining the effects of the storage conditions on the quality of red pepper powder during storage in households. Red pepper powder was stored at room temperature (20oC), refrigeration (2 and -1oC) and frozen (-5 and -20oC) for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The ASTA color value, capsanthin content and redness (a*) of the red pepper powders stored at -5 and -20oC were not decreased significantly depending on the storage temperatures until 9 months. The pH of red pepper powder stored at 20oC decreased significantly until 9 months and increased at 12 months. The microbiological quality of the red pepper powder stored at -5 and -20oC was more stable during long-term storage. In the sensory evaluation of red pepper powder stored under all conditions, the overall freshness, redness, hot flavor, moisture release, and edibility decreased with increasing storage period from the control to 12 months. Moisture release increased from 3 months to 12 months. Overall, red pepper should be stored at low temperatures (2 , -1oC) for up to 6 months, and frozen (≥ -5oC) for 6 to 9 months. The optimal temperature for long-term storage (≥9 months) was -20oC.

이전에 합병증 없이 내시경 역행성 담췌관 조영술(ERCP)을 여러 번 시행받은 71세 남자 환자에게 내시경 삽입 중 식도 점막 파열이 발생하였다. 점막열상은 내시경클립(endoclip) 을 사용하여 성공적으로 봉합되었으나, 이 합병증으로 인해 식도암과 조기 위암이우연히 동시에 발견되었다. 십이지장경은 위장관, 특히 식도 관찰에 제약이 있기 때문에 임상적으로 중요한 병변을 놓칠 가능성이 있다. 따라서 점막 손상이나 천공을 예방하기 위해 내시경선단에 충분한 윤활제를 도포하는 것과 함께 ERCP 중 상부내시경 검사를 시행하는 것도 고려 되어야 한다. 어느 환자군에서 ERCP 중 상부내시경 검사가 유용할지에 대해서는 향후 대규모 연구가 필요할 것이다.

It is a well known that concrete is strong for compression and weak for tension. For reinforcing the weakness and improving the performance about concrete, various methods are used. Fiber reinforced concrete that is one of them has been investigated in this study. The function of fiber in concrete is to improve the stress strain relation and toughness, crack control. It’s applied from normal strength concrete to ultra-high performance concrete. But it is essential to disperse fiber uniformly and to prevent aggregation of fiber in concrete, in order that fiber reinforced concrete show the sufficient performance. The various properties of fiber affect the essential properties, for instance, length and diameter of fiber, source, etc. So, this study evaluated the ultra-high performance concrete with mixed in composite fiber.

The purpose of the present study is to analyze needs of graduate students for English education for their academic study. Online survey was administered to all the graduate students in a university located in Seoul, Korea, and a total of 1,241 students participated in this study. The participants varied in majors including humanities and social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, medicine, and so forth. Crosstab analyses were performed in order to analyze the survey data, followed by subordinate analyses by the participants’ majors. Results indicated that most students perceived the great importance of English for their study, and ‘listening’ and ‘speaking’ were found to be the most difficult areas when students take English-medium graduate courses. In addition, although the frequency of scholarly activities varied by majors, most of the students expressed difficulties in writing research papers and making presentations. Based on the results, the present study suggests that English education programs be expanded and opened in order to meet the different needs by the students’ academic majors.

주자는 『본의』에서 卦變을 『주역』』을 해석하는 방법으로 사용하였다. 그는 『주역』』의 19괘에 대해 구체적인 괘변의 원리를 제시하였다. 주자는 왕필에서 이천으로 이어지는 의리역 계열에서의 卦變에 관한 인식에 비판적이었다. 또한 지나치게 복잡한 괘변이론을 펼친 주진의 괘변이론에 대해서도 비판적이다. 그래서 독자적인 괘변이론을 구상하였고, 그 결과 19괘에 관한 괘변이 론을 주장하였다. 주자의 괘변이론은 의리적으로는 ｢단전｣에 근거하고 상수적으로는 인접한 효들끼리의 교환이였다. 이 두 가지 원칙가운데 상수적 원리인 인접한 효들끼리의 변화라는 점을 『역학계몽』 괘변도와 연관해볼 때 상당한 의미가 있다. 결론적으로 주자의 괘변이론의 의리적 근거는 『주역』의 ｢단전｣이라 할 수 있으며 상수학적으로 ｢역학계몽｣의 괘변도와 상당한 연관성을 지니고 있다.

As the competitiveness of SMEs (small and medium enterprises) is getting more and more improved and globalized, the government provides various consulting services to secure the competitiveness of small and medium firms and support stable growth. However, the assessment of the result from the government’s support is generally focused on non-financial factors, such as customer satisfaction and analysis of improvement effect. This paper is in regards to the statistical analysis of how much the government’s support in the form of providing consulting services contributes to financial outcomes in terms of profitability and growth. ROA (return on asset) and ROS (return on sales), which are investment profitability and sales profitability respectively, are chosen as an indicator of profitability. For analysis of growth, sales revenue and total asset growth are used. The samples are 44 corporations which are supported by government, and 150 corporations which are selected for comparison, with corporate growth support center program by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy chosen as the consulting model. After gathering the yearly balance sheets and income statements of the samples from CRETOP, Korea Enterprise Data, the analysis is conducted in the way of identifying the statistical significance of financial difference in the same period between corporates taking consulting services and corporates which have not, and the difference of financial outcomes from the corporates taking consulting services before and after consulting services. As a result, in terms of business growth, it is turned out to have positive difference both in growth ratio and profitability compared to the compared corporations at the significant level. Therefore, it is obvious that the consulting program which government provides to SMEs have direct influence practically to the corporates’ management performance.

식음료분야 전문의 글로벌 시장조사 기업인 Innova Market Insights (이노바 마켓 인사이트, 네덜란드 푸드밸리)는 글로벌 식품산업에서의 로봇 산업에 대한 인사이트를 소개한다. 4차 산업혁명의 키워드 중의 하나인 “인공지능과 지능형 로봇”은 전세계적으로 모든 산업에 영향을 미치고 있다. 식품산업도 예외는 아니며, 가정에서의 서비스 로봇의 개발도 이미 상업화 단계에 이르고 있다. 글로벌 식품산업과 소비자의 변화를 이끌고 있는 4차 산업혁명을 준비해야 하는 시점에서, 대표적인 사례들을 통해 인공지능과 식품 서비스 로봇의 개발 현황을 살펴본다. 1. Attraction for food & drink manufacturers in robotics 2. Ready to do cognitive cooking? Chef Watson 3. Robo Chef ? Moley Robotics robo chef 4. Bionic Bartender ? MakrShakr 5. AI advise Master brewer ? Intelligent X 6. Machine Learning Understand Consumer Preferences ? Graze 7. Opportunities in Service Robot Innova Market Insights (이노바 마켓 인사이트): 네덜란드의 FoodValley에 본사를 둔 Innova Market Insights b.v.(이노바 마켓 인사이트)는 글로벌 식품산업에 Innovadatabase(이노바 데이터베이스)를 제공하고 있다. 전세계에서 유일하고, 가장 앞선 식음료 관련분야의 전문적인 데이터베이스 플랫폼으로서, “새로운 기술”과 “신제품 정보”, “마케팅관점의 트렌드 보고서”, “혁신적인 패키지” 등을 하나의 플랫폼으로 제공하고 있다. 해외의 혁신적인 브랜드와 패키지, 새로운 제품들을 가장 먼저 만날 수 있다. 이미 국내외 많은 기업들이 Innovadatabase를 이용하고 있으며, 새로운 아이디어와 트렌드로 시장을 개척하고 있다.

목적: 2D 영상이 재생되는 자동 시기능 훈련기구를 이용하여 훈련 전과 후의 시기능의 개선효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 성인 남녀 20명을 대상으로 자동 시기능 훈련기기(WISDOM社, China)를 이용하여 30분 간 재생되는 영상을 보면서 시기능 훈련을 실시하였으며, 훈련 전과 후의 폭주력, 조절력, 버전스 용이성(3△BI/12△BO), 조절용이성(±2.00D)검사를 시행하였다. 자동 시기능 훈련기구는 0.00~6.00D 범위의 조절과 0~6 M·A 범위의 버전스 훈련을 자동으로 하도록 설계되어 있다. 결과: 시기능 훈련 30분 전과 후의 시기능 변화를 확인한 결과, 양안 조절력은 12.63 ± 4.17D에서 15.02 ± 5.96D로 2.39 ± 2.89D 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 폭주력은 13.96 ± 4.99D 에서 16.02 ± 6.03D로 2.05 ± 2.85D 증가하였다(p<0.05). 양안 조절용이성은 16.58 ± 6.52 CPM에서 20.65 ± 6.51 CPM으로 4.07 ± 4.59 CPM으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 버전스 용이성은 16.40 ± 6.49 CPM에서 23.2 ± 6.95 CPM으로 4.8 ± 2.98 CPM으로 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 결론: 본 연구를 통해 2D 영상을 이용한 자동 시기능 훈련기구의 시기능 개선효과를 알 수 있었다. 이는 평소 좋아하는 영화나 드라마 등의 콘텐츠를 활용하여 훈련의 몰입도를 높일 수 있으므로 기존의 단조로운 시기능 훈련에서 벗어난 새로운 훈련방법중의 하나가 될 수 있다.

A ZIF-8 membrane was prepared via counter diffusion method. To control the diffusion rate, two supports with different pore structure were employed, conventional and modified α-Al2O3 disc; disc A and disc B. The ZIF-8 membranes are derived their name from the supports; ZIF-8-A and ZIF-8-B. While ZIF-8-A was grown at the surface of the disc A, ZIF-8-B was grown inside the disc B. At 200°C, ZIF-8-A and -B exhibited H2/CO2 separation factor (SF) of 6.69 and 8.21. In long-term thermal stability tests, both ZIF-8-A and -B were withstood their properties at 200 and 250°C for 72 h. At 300°C, SF of ZIF-8-A fell after ~2 h, however, that of ZIF-8-B dropped after ~10 h. To sum up these features, ZIF-8-B showed higher H2 selectivity and thermal stability than ZIF-8-A, since ZIF-8 membrane was synthesized inside of the support.

Defects of zeolite membranes often lower their separation performance. Thus, the investigation of the defects is highly critical in achieving high separation performance. While general characterization methods (e.g. scanning electron microscopy; SEM) that examine the membrane surface cannot detect defects, the FCOM measurement is able to identify the defective structure inside the zeolite membrane using dye molecules of appropriate size [1]. In this work, various dyeing conditions (times and concentrations) were applied to a MFI zeolite membrane in an attempt to investigate the defective structure. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis is practiced to measure the defects in numerical form.

An all-silica deca-dodecasil 3R (Si-DDR) zeolite with a pore size of 0.36*0.44 nm2 is highly desirable for membrane-based separation of CO2 from N2, which critical in the post-combustion carbon capture process, via molecular recognition of their slight size difference. For the first time, we acquired h0h-oriented, hydrophobic DDR zeolite films through epitaxial growth of a DDR seed layer with a structure directing agent of methyltropinium iodide. The degree of the out-of-plane orientation and inter-growth was increased with the secondary growth time, while reducing the defects that provide non-selective pathways. The resulting DDR membrane showed a CO2/N2 separation factor (SF) as high as 11.9 at 50°C under dry conditions. More desirably, it could achieve a much enhanced CO2/N2 SF of up to 15.9 at 50°C in the presence of H2O vapor.

분자체(molecular sieve)로 알려진 제올라이트 분리막 중에 8-membered ring (MR) 구조를 지닌 제올라이트를 연속적인 분리막 형태로 제작하고자 한다. 8 MR 구조 중에서도 DDR 유형의 제오라이트 기반으로 이산화탄소에 대해 분자체 역할을 할 수 있는 분리막으로 사용할 수 있음을 보이고자 한다. 단순히 이산화탄소를 다른 분자 크기가 큰 질소나 메탄으로부터 분리하는 게 아니라, 도전적인 과제로서 수분이 존재하는 feed 조건에서 높은 이산화탄소 분리 능력을 지닐 수 있도록 분리막을 제작하고자 한다. 이번 발표에서는 최근에 얻은 DDR 유형 제올라이트 분리막을 만드는 방법과 그 분리막의 이산화탄소 분리 능력에 대해 발표하고자 한다.

As the competitiveness of small and medium businesses is getting more and more improved and globalized, the government provides various consulting services to secure the competitiveness of small and medium firms and support stable growth. However, the assessment of the result from the government’s support is generally focused on non-financial factors, such as customer satisfaction afterwards and analysis of improvement effect. This paper is in regards to the analysis of how much the government’s support in the form of providing consulting services contributes to financial outcomes and to the analysis of the gap of performances among the types of consulting services. We verified the statistical significance of our hypothesis through SAS9.4 and SPSS 22, conducting comparative analysis of the business growth and profitability based on the yearly balance sheets and income statements of 44 corporations which government supports and 150 corporations which are for comparison. The data is gained from CRETOP, Korea Enterprise Data, and the testing model is chosen as the business of support center for corporate growth, which is a customized supporting business of the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy. As a result, in terms of business growth, it turned out to have positive difference in growth ratio compared to the industrial average and compared corporations and to have significant difference in terms of profitability as well. Since, this paper shows that the different supporting ways have significant difference, we would say that this paper is meaningful in that it may propose a guidance for government to set strategies of government-supporting businesses.