꼬마굴나방과(Nepticulidae)는 꼬마굴나방상과(Nepticuloidae)에 속한 작은 분류군으로, 미소나방류 중 성충의 크기가 가장 작은 종들로 구성되어 있다. 본 과에 속하는 종들은 유충 시기에 기주식물의 잎 또는 줄기에 굴을 파고조직 내부에서 서식하는 대표적인 잠엽성 곤충으로 대부분 종들이 단식성이며, 기주 특이성을 가지고 있다. 지리학적분포는 전 대륙에 넓게 퍼져 있으나, 현재까지 유럽 학자들에 의해 연구가 활발히 이루어져 있어, 서 구북구 지역의종 다양성이 가장 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 전 세계적으로 22속 880여종이 기록되어 있으며, 한반도 주변 인접국가의보고된 종 수를 고려할 때, 국내 분류학적 연구를 통해 보다 많은 종이 분포 할 것으로 예상되는 분류군이다.본 발표에서는, 국내·외 꼬마굴나방과 표본, 기주식물 정보 확보 방안을 모색하고 계통분류학적 연구 계획을 고찰하고자 한다.

Although excessive intake of sodium is known to cause various diseases and threaten public health and policies for reducing overconsumption of sodium are being implemented, the theoretical research on sodium intake is incomplete. This study attempted to provide a policy basis by examining whether or not planned behavior theory, which is a typical health communication theory used to describe health-related behaviors, can be applied to explain sodium intake behavior. Especially, sodium ingestion behaviors were compared using the theory of actions planned for men and women as well as young people, middle-aged, and elderly persons, who are predicted to show differences in eating habits. In this study, questionnaires were prepared to measure the daily eating habits of subjects and subordinate factors of planned behavior theory: behavioral beliefs, outcome expectations, normative beliefs, compliance motivation, and control beliefs. Questionnaires were given to 93 college students and their families. As a result of the difference analysis and path analysis of the questionnaire responses, the following suggestions were obtained. First, age difference is more obvious than sex difference in terms of low salt intentions. For example, older people are healthier than younger people in terms of eating habits and health concerns. Second, the elderly are more likely to practice the low-salt formula when they are provided information on the benefits and effects of the low-salt formula compared to younger ones. Third, systematic efforts are needed to promote a culture that emphasizes the health benefits of a low salt diet rather than providing piecemeal information on the advantages and effects of a low salt diet.

Purple-fleshed potato powder (PFPP) was investigated to determine optimal mixing ratio with milk powder and dextrin to produce a ready-to-eat mashed potato powder. The rheological characteristics, color, and anthocyanin contents were studied at a different concentration of ingredients. The power-law model was applied to explain the mechanical spectra of mashed potatoes which represented the change in structure induced by different mixing ratios. Mixture design was used to obtain the experimental points used to establish the empirical models to describe the effects of each ingredient on the characteristic of the mashed potato. The results of mechanical spectra showed that both storage and loss moduli (G' and G'') were significantly influenced by PFPP and milk powder concentration. The power law parameters n' and n'' showed higher values for the mashed potato with a lower concentration of PFPP and a higher concentration of milk powder, which showed that the gel networks involved in the mashed potato were weaker. The optimum mixing ratio with the highest redness and anthocyanin content, while maintaining the rheological properties similar to the commercial mashed potato, was determined as PFPP:milk powder:dextrin = 90.49:4.86:4.65 (w/w). The proportions of PFPP and milk powder in the formulation significantly changed the characteristics of mashed potato, whereas no significant effect of dextrin was observed in this formulation.

Purple-fleshed potato powder (PFPP) was investigated to determine optimal mixing ratio with milk powder and dextrin to produce a ready-to-eat mashed potato powder. The rheological characteristics, color, and anthocyanin contents were studied at a different concentration of ingredients. The power-law model was applied to explain the mechanical spectra of mashed potatoes which represented the change in structure induced by different mixing ratios. Mixture design was used to obtain the experimental points used to establish the empirical models to describe the effects of each ingredient on the characteristic of the mashed potato. The results of mechanical spectra showed that both storage and loss moduli (G' and G'') were significantly influenced by PFPP and milk powder concentration. The power law parameters n' and n'' showed higher values for the mashed potato with a lower concentration of PFPP and a higher concentration of milk powder, which showed that the gel networks involved in the mashed potato were weaker. The optimum mixing ratio with the highest redness and anthocyanin content, while maintaining the rheological properties similar to the commercial mashed potato, was determined as PFPP:milk powder:dextrin = 90.49:4.86:4.65 (w/w). The proportions of PFPP and milk powder in the formulation significantly changed the characteristics of mashed potato, whereas no significant effect of dextrin was observed in this formulation.

This paper proposes an improved standard genetic algorithm (GA) of making a near optimal schedule for integrated process planning and scheduling problem (IPPS) considering tool flexibility and tool related constraints. Process planning involves the selection of operations and the allocation of resources. Scheduling, meanwhile, determines the sequence order in which operations are executed on each machine. Due to the high degree of complexity, traditionally, a sequential approach has been preferred, which determines process planning firstly and then performs scheduling independently based on the results. The two sub-problems, however, are complicatedly interrelated to each other, so the IPPS tend to solve the two problems simultaneously. Although many studies for IPPS have been conducted in the past, tool flexibility and capacity constraints are rarely considered. Various meta-heuristics, especially GA, have been applied for IPPS, but the performance is yet satisfactory. To improve solution quality against computation time in GA, we adopted three methods. First, we used a random circular queue during generation of an initial population. It can provide sufficient diversity of individuals at the beginning of GA. Second, we adopted an inferior selection to choose the parents for the crossover and mutation operations. It helps to maintain exploitation capability throughout the evolution process. Third, we employed a modification of the hybrid scheduling algorithm to decode the chromosome of the individual into a schedule, which can generate an active and non-delay schedule. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is superior to the current best evolutionary algorithms at most benchmark problems.

The study intends to examine the effects of the fishing license system on fisheries resources in order to reduce the adverse effects of recreational fishing, such as fishery resource reduction and environmental pollution. In doing so, the research question of the study is to determine what factors influence anglers’ willingness to support fishing licenses. Based on the extended theory of planned behavior, we further included explanatory variables such as recreation specialization and motivations besides anglers’attitudes, norms and self-efficacy towards the environment and proposed six research hypotheses. The data were collected through on-site and online surveys in Gwangju and Cheonnam province and a total of 337 effective questionnaires were collected for data analysis. Three different binary logit models were employed with the dependent variable of anglers’willingness to support fishing licenses to assess the effects of explanatory variables. Study results show that social norms, the level of recreation specialization, motivation factors related to environmental experiences positively affected anglers’willingness to support fishing licenses. However, anglers’consumptive orientation attitudes such as catching big fish, motivation factors related to activity general experience preferences and previous fishing experience had negative effects on the dependent variables. Study results indicate that public outreach and education programs are essential to successfully introduce the fishing license system. Managerial and policy-related implications are further discussed to make recreational fishing a more environment-friendly recreational activity. This study investigated the effects of diverse variables derived from anglers’social-psychological characteristics on their support for fishing licenses and suggest diverse policy-related and managerial implications.

PURPOSES: Pavement Management System contains the data that describe the condition of the road. Under limited budget, the data can be utilized for efficient plans. The objective of this research is to develop a mixed integer program model that maximizes remaining durable years (or Lane-Kilometer-Years) in road maintenance planning. METHODS: An optimization model based on a mixed integer program is developed. The model selects a cluster of sectors that are adjacent to each other according to the road condition. The model also considers constraints required by the Seoul Metropolitan Facilities Management Corporation. They select two lanes at most not to block the traffic and limit the number of sectors for one-time construction to finish the work in given time. We incorporate variable cost constraints. As the model selects more sectors, the unit cost of the construction becomes smaller. The optimal choice of the number of sectors is implemented using piecewise linear constraints. RESULTS: Data (SPI) collected from Pavement Management System managed by Seoul Metropolitan City are fed into the model. Based on the data and the model, the optimal maintenance plans are established. Some of the optimal plans cannot be generated directly in existing heuristic approach or by human intuition. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical model using actual data generates the optimal maintenance plans.

It is considered necessary to renewal a considerable number of water supply facilities in Korea because they began to be intensively buried in the period of rapid economic growth. Accordingly, local water providers are required to take measures against this situation, but they have currently been caught in a vicious circle of the lack of budget spent in renewing water supply facilities because county-based small-scale local water supply cannot afford to cover annual expenditures with their revenues from water rates. Therefore, this study developed an optimal renewal planning model capable of achieving a balance of financial revenue and expenditure in local water supply using nonlinear programming and furthermore of minimizing the total cost incurred during the analysis. To this end, this study selected the water supply area located in County Y as a research area to build the financial revenue and expenditure and used Solver function provided by Microsoft Excel to use nonlinear programming. As a result, this study developed an optimal renewal planning model minimizing incurred costs in consideration of 6 items in the financial revenue and expenditure. The optimal renewal plan was modeled according to the available annual budget. As a result, this study proposed SICD, a scenario to minimize total costs from the perspective of water suppliers, and SITS, a scenario to minimize the increase in water rates from the perspective of consumers. It can be said that the method proposed in this study is the core of the optimal financial and renewal plans as a final stage of asset management for water supply facilities. Therefore, it is considered possible for local water providers to use the method proposed in this study according to circumstances for the asset management of water supply facilities.

산림청 국립수목원은 1999년 5월 24일 임업연구원(현 국립산림과학원) 중부임업시험장으로부터 독립하여 신설된 국내 최고의 산림생물종 연구기관으로 산림생물과 생태계에 대한 다양한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 국립수 목원이 위치한 광릉숲은 2010년 유네스코 생물권보전지역으로 지정되었으며, 24,465 ha의 좁은 면적이지만 국내 기록된 곤충 종(14,188종, 2010년)의 약 28%인 3,977종이 보고되어 있을 뿐만 아니라, 천연기념물 제218호이 자 멸종위기 야생생물 I급인 장수하늘소를 포함하여 다양한 신종과 국내 미기록 곤충이 발견된 곤충 종 다양성의 보고라고 할 수 있겠다. 국립수목원 개원 이래 곤충연구 분야에서 수행되었던 연구 과제와 성과를 뒤돌아봄으로 써 산림곤충의 종 다양성, 산림의 공익적 가치, 산림복지와 국민들의 관심에 부응할 수 있는 산림곤충에 대한 연구의 방향을 수립, 논의하고 국내 곤충 전문가들로의 연구과제 수요에 대한 의견을 수렴하고자 한다.

무등산국립공원은 백두대간에서 분기된 호남정맥의 핵심공간에 위치하고 있는 국립공원이다. 특히 백두대간과의 생태네트워크의 연결고리이자 호남정맥의 허브역할을 하는 공간이라 할 수 있으며, 일부 정상지역은 아고산대 식생대 분포특성을 나타내는 지역이기도 하고 주상절리대가 분포하는 지역으로 생태적으로나 경관적으로 매우 중요한 공간이라 할 수 있다. 특히 무등산은 광주광역시를 비롯해 화순군과 담양군의 진산 역할을 한 곳으로 역사와 문화적인 가치 또한 매우 높은 곳이라 할 수 있다. 이와 같이 생태적으로나 경관적인 가치, 지질학 가치와 역사‧문화 가치까지 뛰어난 지역이기 때문에 무등산은 2013년에 국립공원으로 지정되었다. 하지만 무등산국립공원은 국가안보의 현실적 상황으로 인해 국립공원에 지정되기 훨씬 이전인 1966년도부터 정상부에 대규모 군부대가 주둔하게 되었으며, 이로 인해 천왕봉과 지왕봉, 인왕봉에 이르는 정상부의 대규모 지형훼손까지 이루어지게 되었다. 이후 다양한 경로로 정상부 복원을 위해 노력해 왔으나 국방부의 반대로 인해 복원사업이 추진되지 못하고 있었는데 2015년 12월 3일에 국방부와 광주광역시, 국립공원관리공단이 ｢무등산 정상 군부대 이전 협약｣을 체결함으로써 군부대 이전이 가시화되었으며 이에 맞춰 본 연구를 수행하게 되었다. 본 연구는 지형 및 지질분야를 비롯하여 식생과 식물상, 탐방객, 훼손분야, 갈등 관리분야까지 다양한 분야별로 조사를 실시하였으며, 무등산국립공원 동부사무소의 적극적인 지원을 통해 과거에는 확인할 수 없었던 옛사진자료 등도 확보하였고 군부대 주변에 분포하는 관속식물에 대한 현황을 파악하였으며, 식생복원의 목표종과 목표군락을 설정할 수 있었다. 특히 정상부 중 천왕봉 지역에서 가장 심각한 지형훼손이 발생하였으며, 해발고도가 4m 정도 낮아진 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 복원의 목표를 ‘무등산 정상부가 갖고 있는 역사적 가치를 비롯해 문화‧경관‧생태적 가치를 복원함으로써 무등산이 갖고 있는 고유의 가치를 복원한다.’로 설정하고 ‘무등산국립공원 정상부 복원위원회’의 구성을 제시하고 책임과 권한, 의무 등을 명시하였다. 특히 정상부 복원에는 상당한 재원이 필요하기 때문에 국민적인 공감대가 반드시 필요하며, 이를 위해서 복원 시나리오를 다양하게 설정하여 설명하고 복원의 수준을 결정해 나가야 할 필요성을 제시하였다. 즉 정상부 복원의 시나리오를 매우 다양하게 설정하고 대국민 여론수렴기간을 거치도록 하였다. 다만 본 연구진이 가장 합리적이라고 판단한 복원 시나리오는 인왕봉은 원형으로 복원하고 지왕봉은 현 수준을 유지하며 천왕봉은 최소한의 지형복원을 실시하는 복원 시나리오와 인왕봉은 원형으로 복원하고 지왕봉은 현 수준을 유지하며 천왕봉은 콘크리트 제거만 실시하고 정리하는 복원 시나리오를 추천하였다. 무등산국립공원은 시민이 만들어 낸 국립공원이지만 너무나도 많은 상처가 남아 있는 지역이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 무등산국립공원 군부대 주둔지역에 대한 복원사업을 통해 지역과 공존하는 국립공원이라는 복원의 새로운 패러다임을 만들어 낼 수 필요가 있을 것이다.

The systematic management of technology infrastructure increasingly becomes critical as it represents the driving power for creating competitive advantage of nations and enterprises. In this sense, public facility and equipment, which is one major asset of technology infrastructure, should be managed effectively, systematically and efficiently to increase its overall equipment effectiveness. However, the manual and off-line communication was the unique way to communicate between the suppliers who provide facilities in the public sector and the customers who utilize the facilities in the industrial sector. This communication way caused invisibility of available usage time and increase of idle time, thereby decreasing the equipment effectiveness. This paper presents an web-based scheduling system that enables real-time collaboration and information sharing for increasing the equipment effectiveness. The designed system performs scheduling, facility management, order management and customer relationship management in an on-line platform, and carries out the processing and storing of relevant information in an integrated database. The paper includes a development approach to identify business process models and standardized system models by using object-modeling technique. The deliverable of the present work will contribute to increasing the equipment effectiveness by enhancing visibility, transparency and predictability by means of the integration with a legacy Enterprise Resource Planning.

The objective of this paper is to suggest structural design for the long-life housing apartment complex to save the construction cost. The key is to use unavailable underground space due to bearing walls or bad configuration of columns in apartments as the parking space. Therefore, the structural plan of apartment buildings considering the parking section in the underground should be designed. After analytical resutls of three cases, it is significant effect in saving construction cost.

Module coordination(分數), which is crucially relevant to plan shape of a fortress and the location of its gates and chis(雉, protruding posts), have not been thoroughly studied, despite its importance in fortress system. While plan shape of Goryeo fortress features orderly placement of gates and chis, under medium-sized Joseon fortress doesn’t follow it strictly. As a result, fortresses with various plan shapes greatly outnumber those of Goryeo. Especially, Gimhaeeupseong Fortress, which is a large-scale town wall, shows such a complicated plan shape, making it difficult to figure out its modular coordination. Presumably, the reason for Joseon fortress’ complicated plan shapes, which doesn’t follow the orderly modular coordination, is thought to be in its various geographical conditions. Also, it seems that the building of fortress with such various and complicated plan shapes was to deter enemies from intruding by confusing them. And various plan shapes of fortress are also figured out to be pertinent to street system of towns and positions of public offices.