This study was conducted to investigate the residue amount of harmful materials on the 153 commercial medical herbs in Gwangju area. It was performed using the GC-ECD, GC-NPD, GC-MSD and the LC-UVD,LC-FLD, LC-MSD to analyze 200 pesticides. The heavy metals were determined using a Mercury analyzer and AAS. The sulfur dioxides were analyzed by modified Monnier-Williams method. The residual pesticides were detected in 7samples, and were over MRLs (Maximum Risk Levels) in 2 samples (1.3%). The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) were Pb, 0.570; Cd, 0.081; As, 0.082; Hg, 0.0093. The measured values of Pb, As, Hg showed within MRLs. The excess samples of MRLs were 3 samples (changchul 2, cheongung 1) on Cd. The sulfur dioxides were over MRLs in 7 samples (4.6%), hwanggi and gugija. These results will be used to establish on the regulation of commercial medical herbs in Gwangju area.

This study was conducted to show the odor emission characteristics between the well maintained environment fundamental facility and the poorly maintained environmental facility. It also draws major components of odor emission based on facilities, stages, and suggest the proper way to reduce the level of odor for insufficient facilities. Insufficient facilities" air direct sensory and air dilution value levels are following: foodwaste ＞ livestock ＞ wastewater ＞ night-soil ＞ sewage. For the sewage and waste water facilities, the common characteristic of odor emission on each fundamental facility showed higher air dilution value in depositing reservoir and concentrator. And sulfur and aldehyde compounds came out to be the major odor causing components. In the case of night-soil and livestock facilities, the air dilution value was high in flow equalization tank and liquid erosion tank. And sulfur as well as ammonia component was the major malodorous substance. Foodwaste facility showed higher air dilution value than other facility, which sulfur and acetaldehyde compounds were acting as major malodorous substances.

In this study, we attempted to evaluate the relationship between dilution‐to‐threshold (D/T) ratio derived by air dilution sensory (ADS) test and the concentration levels of both individual odorant (using H₂S and acetaldehyde (AA)) and their mixture. For the purpose of our comparative study, we prepared both standard gases of two individual compounds and their mixture at 9 concentration levels. Each of all these samples were analyzed by ADS test, and the results were analyzed in relation to their odor intensity. The results of individual odorant samples showed the two contrasting characteristics of each individual compound. H2S generally showed sensitive detection at low concentration but less sensitive detection with increasing concentration. In contrast, AA showed fairly contrasting trend with slow increasing sensitivity. When the D/T ratios estimated from individual samples were used to predict those of mixed samples, the results were reflecting the mixed effects of the basic characteristics owned by each individual compound. As the lower and upper odor intensities of mixed samples were best reflected by AA and H2S, respectively, the D/T ratio of mixed samples complied with the larger D/T values of each compound at a given odor intensity.

In this study, Complex odor was measured by direct sensory method on site. Air samples of the fish factories were sampled with polyester aluminum bag and were analyzed by GC/FID/O and GC/MS. The feature of the complex odor was fishy, boild fish paste and dried slices of file fish. The odor active compounds of individual odor which chotribute these smell were mainly Hydrogen sulfide, Heptanal, 1-Hexanal, 2-Heptanal, TMA. Also contribution level of The designated malodor materials were higher than other industrial complex.

Recent high efficiency electronic devices have been found to have heat emission problems. As for LEDs, an excessive increase in the device temperature causes a drop of the luminous efficiency and circuit lifetime. Therefore, heat release in the limited space of such electronic parts is very important. This is a study of the possibility of using a coating of carbon materials as a solution for the thermal emission problem of electronic devices. Powdered carbon materials, cokes, carbon blacks, amorphous graphite, and natural flakes were coated with an organic binder on an aluminum sheet and the subsequent thermal emissivity was measured with an FT-IR spectrometer and was found to be in the range of 5~20 μm at 50˚C. The emissivity of the carbon materials coated on the aluminum sheet was shown to be over 0.8 and varied according to carbon type. The maximum thermal emissivity on the carbon black coated-aluminum surface was shown to be 0.877. The emissivity of the anodized aluminum sheets that were used as heat releasing materials of the electronic parts was reported to be in the range of 0.7~0.8. Therefore, the use of a coating of carbon material can be a potential solution that facillitates heat dissipation for electronic parts.

본 연구는 최종 해양에 배출되는 하수슬러지에 함유된 오염물질의 농도와 분포특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구에 사용된 시료는 하수 슬러지 발생업체의 최종 저장조에서 20점을 채취하였고 시료의 조제를 비롯하여 최종 기기분석까지 해양환경공정시험기준을 적용하였으며, 다 환방향족탄화수소류(PAHs)는 U.S EPA 기준에 맞춰 16종을 분석하였다. 분석결과 중금속인 비소는 최대 15.29 ㎍/g, 카드뮴 2.04 ㎍/g, 크롬 632.98 ㎍/g, 구리 2,388.28 ㎍/g, 납 77.71 ㎍/g, 아연 2,928.28 ㎍/g이었고, 폴리염화비페닐(PCBs) 7종 중 최대값은 0.80 ng/g이고 7종의 합은 ND ～ 2.50 ng/g으로 나타났다. 다환방향족탄화수소류(PAHs)의 각 항목별 최대값은 나프탈렌 1,199.5 ng/g, 아세나프틸렌 35.48 ng/g, 아세나 프텐 104.94 ng/g, 플루오렌 424.86 ng/g, 페난트렌 606.91 ng/g, 안트라센 121.96 ng/g, 플루오란텐 683.64 ng/g, 피렌 1045.70 ng/g, 벤죠(a)안트 라센 270.49 ng/g, 크리센 288.76 ng/g, 벤죠(b)플루오란텐 175.81 ng/g, 벤죠(k)플루오란텐 162.22 ng/g, 벤죠(a)피렌 185.84 ng/g, 인데노 (1,2,3-cd)피렌 136.22 ng/g, 디벤즈(a,h)안트라센 21.60 ng/g, 벤죠(g,h,i)페릴렌 320.00 ng/g으로 나타났다. 한편 분석시료 20점 중 해양배출처리 기준 제1기준을 초과한 시료는 구리 1점이었고, 생물독성시험이 필요한 제2기준을 초과한 시료는 크롬 1점, 구리 10점, 아연 2점, 나프탈렌 3점 으로 나타났다.

The binding affinity constants (p(Od)50) and molecular docking scores (DS) between porcine odorant binding proteins pOBP (1HQP) and pPBP (1GM6) as receptor and a series of tetrahydrofuran-2-yl (A & B) analogues as substrate, and their interactions were discussed quantitatively using three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models. The statistical qualities of the optimized CoMFA models for pOBP were better than those of the CoMSIA models. The binding affinity constants and DS between substrate and receptor molecules were dependent upon steric and hydrophobic interaction. The DS constants of the substrates into the binding site of OBP (1HQP) were bigger than those of PBP (1GM6). The resulting contour maps produced by the optimized CoMFA model were used to identify the structural features relevant to the binding affinity in binding site of pOBP.

With the increase of the use of antibiotics and invasive procedures, infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(MRAB) are increasing. We screened the antibiotic producing strain B-51 for antibacterial activity against MRAB from the soils and studied the effects of culture medium on the antibiotic production of B-51. The medium conditions for maximum antibiotic productivity of B-51 was 2% glycerol, 0.5% soybean meal, 0.01% CaCl2, 0.01% MgSO4, 7H2O and 0.01% KH2PO4 at an initial pH of 6.0, at 30℃ for 76 h.

The objective of this study was to estimate distribution of hazardous air pollutants and volatile organic compounds at diverse indoor areas in school. The indoor air samples were collected at 19 school in three different areas of southern Korea region from September to October 2009. The concentrations of PM-10 and formaldehyde in all sampling sites were below indoor air quality guideline of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The CO₂ level and TBC (total bacteria count) were higher than the guideline for 4 sites and 12 sites, respectively. The concentration of TVOC for 23 sites exceeded the guideline. Also, TVOC level of metropolitan sampling sites were somewhat higher than small and medium-size city sampling sites. The concentration of indoor air pollutants affected by various conditions such as season, region, and indoor/outdoor environment. This study result shows that concentration of several pollutants such as CO₂, TBC, and TVOC were higher than the guideline for some sampling sites. Therefore, it is necessary to manage indoor air quality and establish effective emission reduction strategies regard for characteristics of each school.

Due to the industrialization and urbanization, the transport of hazardous materials increases, which rises possibilities in occurring prospective accidents in terms of hazardous material transport as well. This study applied the model developed from the previous research to analyze the scale of damage areas from the accidents related to hazardous material accidents, as well as suggested a method to measure automatically the scale of accident including casualties and environmental damage based on the guideline which suggests the quantities of hazardous materials exposed from an accident and was defined in the study of standardization for hazardous material classification. A buffering analysis technique of Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied for that. To apply the model which evaluates the scale of population and exposure to environment on each link, rail network, zones, rail accident data, rail freight trips, and locations of rivers etc were complied as a database for GIS analysis. In conclusion, a method to measure damage areas by the types of hazardous materials was introduced using a Clip and a Special Join technique for overlay analysis.

In this study, the calibration characteristics of six new odorant VOCs along with two reference compound were evaluated based on GC-MS (SIM). For the proper evaluation of the GC/MS method, calibration of 7 VOCs were made both by the SPME and direct injection (DI). The minimum detection limit (MDL) of those VOC determined by SPME method fell in the range of 0.31∼0.38 ppb while those of DI from 6.18∼14.3 ppb. The analytical performance of our SPME/GC-MS method was compared against those tested previously by other study groups. Although more efforts are needed to establish the reliability of our SPME/GC-MS method, the method adapted in this study can be recommended as one of the standard methods for the analysis of the target VOCs in this study to settle formal experiment methods.

Tetra-hydrothiophene ((CH₂)₄S) has an odor that is detectable at very low levels. For this reason, it was included as a component of dangerous gases to allow the detection of leaks by smell. A type of tetra-hydrothiophene gas CRM in the μmol/mol level was developed for the analysis of trace-level odorant gas in natural gas. The gas standards produced simultaneously in 3 bottles and examined by GC-FID were show with 0.12%, reproducibility of preparation and 0.05%, standard uncertainty due to weighing and purity. The concentration of tetra-hydrothiophene ((CH₂)₄S) was 10 µmol/mol level in the cylinder filled with methane, 1500 psi. And the variability of concentration for 1 years was about 0.03% due to the adsorption or instability of (CH₂)₄S. The relative expanded uncertainty of 1.0% (95% of confidence level, k=2) was assigned to the certified value of 10 μmol/mol level of(CH₂)₄S after quantitative evaluation on the purity, mixing, weighing, analysis, adsorption and stability of tetra-hydrothiophene gas.

단자엽 식물인 보리는 Agrobacterium을 이용한 형질 전환이 비교적 까다로운 편이다. 본 연구에서는 큰알1호, 내쌀보리, 올보리, 새찰쌀보리, 서둔찰보리,풍산찰쌀보 리의 유묘에 알칼리, 산화제, 환원제 등을 처리하여 화학 적 상처를 유발하였으며 이들에 감압진공을 이용한 Agrobacterium 형질전환을 실시한 후 GUS 유전자발현 을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 보리묘 생육을 일부 저하시킬 수 있는 농도의 화학물질 처리는 각기 다른 보리 품종의 형질전환율을 전반적으로 증대시킬 수 있는 것으로 판단 되었다. 화학물 중에서는 특히 hydrogen peroxide 처리 가 비교적 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

We used a conventional activated sludge process to treat a paper wastewater, and then the effluent was treated with an ozone oxidation process as advanced process to remove non-degradable materials. It was found that the removal efficiency rates of the organic matter has been rapidly increased initially, and then it was almost constant after this period. The concentration of ozone should be recommended to maintain approximately 8.3 mg/L during this operation to keep the CODmn value below 100 mg/L and ozone contact time longer than 60 min.

목적: 최근 소프트 콘택트렌즈는 소재의 연구개발 뿐만 아니라 기능성의 연구개발도 함께 이루 지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 Ag를 이용하여 항균성을 갖는 기능성 콘택트렌즈를 제조하였다. 방법: 기존 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 재료와 AgNO3을 혼합하여 교반한 후, 70℃에서 약 40분, 80℃에서 약 40분 건조하였다. 마지막으로 100℃에서 약 40분 열처리 공정을 거처 공중합하였다. 결과: 물리적 특성으로는 건조 후와 수화 후의 굴절률은 1.502~1.504와 1436~1.445, 함수율은 34.54%~39.03% 그리고 가시광선 투과율은 79.1%~83.8%를 나타내었다. 결론: 기존 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 소재와 은과의 중합을 통해 콘택트렌즈의 물리적 특성에도 부합되는 폴리머가 생성된 것으로 판단된다.

Different types magnesium hydroxide groups have been obtained using the hydrothermal precipitation technique from magnesium sulfate and calcium carbonate solution. The Mg atom coordinated around O atom of SO42- in another layer to form a multi-layer structure crystal. The influence of synthesis parameters on the morphological characteristics and size of magnesium hydroxide groups precipitated in aqueous were investigated such as different of additive and pH. Magnesium hydroxide groups were decomposed gradually and converted finally to MgO particles after heated in air temperature up to 1050℃. The particle size and it's distribution morphology, crystal phase and thermal behavior of the samples were characterized through XRD, SEM, EDS, and TG/DTA.

본 연구에서는 기존의 중량법과 광산란법과는 원리와 기술이 다른 입도별 부유물질 측정용 분리막 모듈 및 장치를 개발하기 위한 원리를 수립하기 위한 기초 자료를 확립하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 위하여, 이산화규소 및 덱스트란(dextran), 카올린(kaolin), PEG (polyethylene glycol) 부유용액을 대상으로 유리섬유 여과지 GF/C와 GF/A를 분리막 모듈에 장착하여 여과시키면서, 디지털 압력계를 사용하여 막간압력차(TMP, Trans-membrane pressure) 변화를 측정하였다. 모사용액의 농도와 TMP 변화율 기울기의 상관관계식을 TMP 변화 실험 결과로부터 구하여, TMP 변화 기울기로부터 시료의 농도를 예측할 수 있도록 하였다.

Indoor air quality can be affected by indoor sources, ventilation, decay and outdoor levels. Although technologies exist to measure these factors, direct measurements are often difficult. Toluene and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations of residential indoor and outdoor were simultaneously measured and compared in 16 houses, using passive samplers during every 3 days for 60 days. Concentrations of toluene and NO₂ were analyzed by gas chromatography and spectrophotometer, respectively. Using a mass balance model, penetration factor (ventilation rate divided by sum of ventilation rate and deposition constant) and source generation factor (source generation rate divided by sum of ventilation rate and deposition constant) were calculated by multiple indoor and outdoor measurements. The mean contributions of toluene of indoor and outdoor sources on residential indoor air quality were estimated to be 31.01% and 67.00%, respectively. On the other hand, mean contributions of NO₂ were 58.93% and 41.06%, respectively. These results could be explained that contributions of indoor and outdoor air pollutants sources are different to residential indoor air concentrations. In conclusion, contributions of outdoor air and indoor sources affecting indoor air quality were effectively characterized using multiple indoor and outdoor measurements.