The objective of this study was to investigate the total sugar content of cooked rice (e.g. Bokkeumbap, Deopbap,Bibimbap, Gimbap, Chobap) and side dishes (Jjigae, Kimchi, Jangajji) by using HPLC analysis. Samples were col-lected from six regions in Korea (Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Gangwon-do, Jeonla-do, Gyeongsangdo).In cooked rice, the total sugar content in Bibimbap (8.537g/100g), Jangeo-deopbap (3.207g/100g), and Saladgim-bap (2.394g/100g) was higher than that of other cooked rice. Also the analysis results showed that the total sugarcontent of cooked rice with spice and sauce added was a little higher than that of other kinds of cooked rice. Fromthe analysis of Jjigae, it was shown that Doenjang-jjigae (1.805g/100g) from the Jeonla-do region had the highesttotal sugar content while there was no difference in total sugar content from the other regions. In case of Kimchi,that from Jeonla-do and Gyeongsang-do was very sweet, salty, and spicy, and the total sugar content was higherthan that from the other regions. The highest total sugar content among the analyzed Kimchi was in Godeulppaegi-kimchi with a value of 8.188g/100g. In addition, the total sugar content in Jangajjie, as a pickle among side dishes,was shown to be higher than that of the other side dishes with the highest range among Jangajjie of 32.865g/100gto 41.846g/100g being found in Maesil-jangajji.

The objective of this study was to investigate the total sugar content in take-out foods by using HPLC analysis.Samples of take-out food were collected from six regions in Korea (Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Gang-won-do, Jeolla-do, Gyeongsang-do). The samples consisted of 30 main dishes (12 Chinese dishes and 18 flour-baseddishes) and 19 desserts (11 rice cakes and 8 breads). In case of Chinese food, the maximum total sugar content ofTangsuyuk, Ganjajang, Jajangmyeon, and Gun-mandu was 10.346g/100g, 2.409g/100g, 1.589g/100g, and 1.988g/100g respectively. The total sugar content in seasoned Chinese food with sauces was higher than that of the otherChinese food. In case of flour-based food as a main dish, flour-based food seasoned with red pepper paste and manysauces such as Tteokbokki, Naengmyeon, and Guksue had a higher total sugar content than Mandutguk, Tteok-manduguk, and Udong. In particular, Hoe-naengmyeon had the highest total sugar content of 7.194g/100g. Also,desserts (rice cakes and breads), except for Garaetteok, had a high total sugar content with the highest in Glutinousdoughnut and Glutinous rice tteok with red bean paste, which among all the regions analyzed had a maximum totalsugar content of 19.602g/100g from Gyeongsang-do and 30.339g/100g from Seoul respectively.

Curcuma, which is well known for its characteristic flavor, was fermented with lactic acid bacteria from kimchi, andthe taste and biological activities were examined in order to investigate its use as a health food ingredient. Althoughthe general composition of the fermented curcuma was similar regardless of lactic acid bacteria used for fermenta-tion, the overall acceptability of the curcuma fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum (CLp) was better than that ofthe other samples. Taste sensing tests showed that the higher overall acceptability of CLp stemmed from an increasein umami and sourness and a decrease in astringency with CLp. There were no statistical differences in curcumincontent, DPPH radical scavenging activities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities among the curcuma samples;however, CLpe, an extract of CLp, revealed dose dependent inhibition on the production of PG-E2 from RAW cells.Consequently, CLpe may be suitable for use in processed foods in order to provide health benefits without loweringtheir sensory qualities.

This study conducted a survey to analyze awareness, preferences, and the current state of consuming environmentally friendly organic food while eating-out in 435 adults aged 20 and above in Daegu, Korea. Most subjects (95%) showed awareness of environmentally friendly organic food, and 88.5% of subjects answered environmentally friendly organic food is ‘needed’. The percentage of eating out for families was 58.9%, and 49.0% of subjects said they eat out one to three times per month on average. In addition, subjects preferred a price range between 10,000 and 20,000 won per person when eating out, and they mostly favored Korean restaurants when ordering environmentally friendly organic food. Analysis of awareness of environmentally friendly organic food showed that among ‘health’ factors, ‘environmental’ factors, ‘social’ factors, and ‘dietary essential’ factors, ‘health’ factors showed the highest percentage for awareness. A survey on preferred foods by gender showed that both genders preferred vegetables the most. The results show that subjects in their 20s and 30s favored vegetables and fruits while subjects in their 40s preferred vegetables and grain animal products. Analysis of preferred types of environmentally friendly organic foods showed that men preferred polished rice while women preferred brown rice. Subjects in their 20s and 30s preferred strawberries, whereas those in their 40s preferred cherry tomatoes and those in their 50s and above favored tomatoes (p<0.001). Among root and tuber crops (63.4%), sweet potato was the most preferred. Among fruits, subjects preferred apples while among special crops, they most preferred oyster mushrooms; both genders preferred Korean beef. The most preferred livestock product of subjects in their 20s was pork, whereas subjects in their 30s preferred Korean beef. Subjects in their 40s preferred Korean beef and pork in the same proportions, whereas subjects in their 50s and above favored eggs the most.

The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient method for Korean food to make inroads into Paraguay. In-depth interviews with 15 Korean restaurant owners in Asuncion, Paraguay and foodies (food experts) who had experiences with Korean food were conducted. The results are as follows: Paraguay wants to establish economic ties with Korea currently, and economic development is ongoing in Paraguay. The food service industry for the middle class in Paraguay is now in the development stage. There are not many Korean restaurants (currently 15) in Asuncion. First and second generation Korean immigrants are operating these restaurants. It is necessary to provide support for a comprehensive food culture system by developing a menu composition system to meet local tastes, a strategy for improving distribution of Korean food materials, and a plan for sanitary management and operations.

김치의 숙성과정 중 일어날 수 있는 식품위생상 이물질의 오염방지를 위하여 혼입시험을 고안하여 이를 모니터링 하였다. 먼저, 시험군은 소금으로 절이고 양념으로 버무린 김치였고, 대조구는 소금에 절이지 않았거나 양념을 하지 않은 배추를 선택하였다. 오염원으로는 배추와 색깔이 유사한 청개구리를 선택하였다. 그 결과, 염분이 첨가되지 않은 대조구에서는 오염원이 10일 이상 생존하였으나 염분이 첨가된 시험구의 이물질은 5일 이상 생존할 수 없었다. 김치제조 중에 혼입된 생물학적 이물질은 대개 5일정도 생존하므로 소비자에 의하여 살아있는 상태로 발견된 사실은 제조 후에 혼입되었다고 추정할 수 있다.

Listeria monocytogenes continues to be a important food safety concern. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of L. monocytogenes. A total of 1,042 samples was collected from 2010 to 2011 in Seoul and twelve L. monocytogenes were isolated. Isolation rate was Gimbap (0.8%), Beef (yukhoe) (2.6%), Pork (cooked) (5.9%), Fish(cooked) (6.3%), and Salmon (11.1%), respectively. In this study, most of the isolates were susceptible to antibiotics. The most common resistance was cefotetan on 11 isolates, followed by cefotaxime on 7 isolates, cepefime on 6 isolates and tetracyclin on 3 isolates.

곳감 생산 현장에 적용하기 위해 식초, 자몽추출물 등 총 6종의 추출물에 대한 배합비를 설정하였고, 그 결과 우수한 활성을 가지는 천연 복합 활성제의 최종적인 혼합비는 정향 18.18%, 계피 9.90%, 감초 9.09%, 천궁 4.55%, 자몽종자출물 4.55% 및 사과 식초 54.54%임을 확인하였다. 대조구 및 처리구의 수분 함량을 측정한 결과는 항갈변 실험과 항진균 실험, 항갈변/항진균 실험 모두에서 전체적으로 1주차에 비해 6주차에서 수분의 함량이 증가 하였으며 측정 주차 별로 control이 처리구에 비해 수분 함량이상대적으로 낮았다. 당도 변화에서는 건조가 진행됨에 따라 전반적 곶감의 당도는 증가하였다. 항갈변/항진균 실험에서 30∼39 °brix로 높은 당함량을 보였다. 경도를 측정한 결과에서는 control과 처리구는 거의 비슷하였으며 6주 뒤 평균적으로 0.5∼0.8정도 줄어들었다. 색도변화에서는 △값의 변화는 건조 기간 중감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 천연 추출물은 곶감의 건조기간 중에 나타나는 품질저하를 효과적으로 억제하고 유해성 논란이 되고 있는 유황훈증법을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

A study was performed on the consumption of prepackaged meals (Dosirak) sold by food service providers through Importance-Satisfaction Analysis (ISA) to determine the factors that consumers seek in quality Dosirak. According to the analysis, food service providers need to concentrate on food freshness and temperature while maintaining food taste. As for food packaging, consumers were found to prefer microwaveable plastic containers the most (29.3%). Nonetheless, they found that packaging needed improvements in securing food content during transportation and in food labeling, especially for expiration dates. The study also investigated which factors, including menu selection and advertising, affected the sales of food service provider Dosirak the most. The most important factor was determined to be price. Regarding menu selection, the quality of food seasoning and ingredients, daily specials and the variety of combination sets were found to be important. Availability of delivery (3.83/5.00), advance ordering (3.82/5.00) and discounts (3.75/5.00) were important factors in advertising. The conclusions of the study point to a consumer base that recognizes the ease and benefits of Dosirak but desires high quality food items at low cost. To expand the consumer base, food service providers must continually develop new menu items that satisfy consumer tastes and trends, maintain sanitary conditions and improve food labelling.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of celebrity endorsers used in fast food industry among highschool and undergraduate students. By taking the sample’s age and income into consideration, the advertisement examples of fast food industries were chosen for this study. Data was collected by questionnaires from 400 students. For statistical analysis, the SPSS V19.0 was used for reliability and factor analysis, chi-square test and regression analysis. The results are as follows: First, there was a significant difference (p<0.01) in advertising effects according to gender and education level. Out of the consumers who were exposed to celebrity endorsers, the highschool students and women showed higher advertising effects. Second, the advertising attitude was positively related to brand images (F: 479.680, p<0.01) and buying intentions (F: 1101.427, p<0.01) as well as brand images on purchase intentions (F: 492.175, p<0.01). In conclusion, the consumers with positive attitudes towards advertisements will also evaluate brand images positively and be more likely to purchase the products.

Food waste leachate (FWL) is a serious pollutant waste coming from the food waste recycling facilities in Korea. FWL has a high organic matter content and high COD to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio, which can disturb efficient methane production in the anaerobic digestion of FWL. In the present study a microalga, Clorella vulgaris (C.V), was used as co-substrate for the FWL anaerobic digestion in order to supply nutrients, decrease the COD/N ratio and increase its methane yield. Different co-digestion mixtures (COD/N ratios) were studied by using biochemical methane potential test and modified Gompertz equation for kinetic study. Mixed substrate of FWL and C. vulgaris in the co-digestion clearly showed more the biomethane yield than the sole substrates. The maximum methane production, 827.7 mL-CH4/g-VS added, was obtained for COD/N ratio of 24/1, whereas the highest improvement of methane yield was found for COD/N ratio of 15/1.

In this study, we aim at the workplace which is report target about person who emits much food waste, apartment house and detached house. We respectively selected 3 places in this study. Density of average complex bad odor which is generated in storage container of food waste appears high in order of workplace(2,523.8 OU/m3), apartment house(2,135.7 OU/m3) and detached house(1,556.5 OU/m3). And then, it doesn’t seem like big difference. However, these appear degree of bad smell intensity which is more than 3. Meanwhile, bad smell intensity about 3 same occurrence sources which are classified (three places which are respectively workplace, apartment house and detached house)appears big difference. Therefore, we must completely follow the meter-rate system of food waste to reduce the bad smell intensity of storage container of food waste. Also, we must use verified products in order that quality of exclusive storage container prohibits leakage of bad odor. And then, we must periodically clean the storage container and sterilize it. In addition, when we discharge food waste, we must decrease moisture content to squeeze included water. Also, we must make an effort to reduce storage period , as much as possible. And then, it is necessary to prepare countermeasure about this.

중국의 2012년도 가정용 음식물처리기 수입 시장 규모는 1억호 이상의 가정 중 1%에도 못 미치는 보급률에도 불구하고 약 2400만 달러로, 현재까지는 가정용음식물 쓰레기에 대해서는 특별한 규제가 없으며 정부의 수거 및 재활용 계획이 일부 시범지역에 국한되어 있었으나 점차 확대될 전망으로 향후 큰 시장잠재력을 가지고 있음. 선호 가격대와 타겟에 대한 분석 이후, 분리수거가 활성화된 지역 중심으로 중국 하수관거의 특징 등을 고려한 기술을 채택한 제품을 개발하여 진출하는 것이 바람직함

In this study, characteristics and immuno-modulatory effects of Weissella cibaria JW15 isolated from Kimchi, traditional Korean fermented food, were examined for investigation of the capacity of potentially probiotic strains. We measured acid, bile, and heat tolerance, adhesive properties to intestinal epithelial cells, and inhibitory activity against pathogens. JW15 could survive at pH 3.0 for 2 hr, but not at pH 2.0. JW15 also showed tolerance to 0.3% oxgall bile salt, and heat tolerance at 70°C and 80°C for 5 min, respectively. Adhesive ability to Caco-2 cells was similar to that of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a well-known commercial probiotic. JW15 exhibited antimicrobial activities to pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis. The immuno-modulatory effects of JW15 were compared with those of LGG, a well-known immune enhancer. For analysis, production of nitric oxide (NO), NF-κB (Nuclear factor κB), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was measured. The concentration of NO induced by JW15 was higher than that by LGG at low concentration (1 × 107 cfu/mL). Low and high (5 × 107 CFU/mL) concentration of JW15 induced statistically higher production of NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α than that produced by LGG, respectively. In conclusion, Weissella cibaria JW15 had ability as a probiotic strain, including acid, bile, and heat tolerance, adhesive properties to intestinal epithelial cells, and inhibitory activity against pathogens. In addition, JW15 showed better immuno-modulatory effects than LGG when NO, NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α were measured. According to these results, the characteristics and immunomodulating activity of Weissella cibaria JW15 are suitable for consideration as a potential probiotic.

퍼플루오르옥탄설포네이트를 LC/MS/MS를 이용하여 분석한 결과 분석 대상물질의 고유한 스팩트럼을 얻어 정량 하여 머므름 시간은 4.33분이었으며 상관계수(R2)은 0.9998 로 양호한 직선상의 그래프를 얻을 수 있었다. 퍼플루오르옥탄설포네이트에 대한 분석법의 회수율은 99.84%로 전반적으로 좋은 회수율을 보였으며 또한 이 연구에 적용되기에 충분한 정밀도와 정확도를 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 퍼플루오르옥탄설포네이트 정량한계 및 검출한계 는 0.03, 0.009 ug/L이었다. 따라서 식품 용기포장재에서의 분석에 적용이 가능하였다.

2012년 3월부터 2012년 10월까지 광주시내 초·중·고 등학교 주변 어린이 식품안전보호구역내 분식점, 길거리음 식점 등에서 판매되고 있는 김밥, 떡볶이, 꼬치류, 오뎅, 튀김류 등 식사대용 및 간식용 어린이 기호식품 중 조리식품 124건에 대해서 탄수화물, 지방, 단백질 등 영양성분과 나트륨, 당함량 등을 검사하여 고열량·저영양 식품 해당 여부에 대해서 조사하였다. 식사대용 어린이 기호식품 35 건 중 토스트 12건이 모두 포화지방과 나트륨의 기준을 초과하여 고열량·저영양 식품에 해당되었고, 간식용 어린 이 기호식품 89건 중에서 튀김류 4건과 닭강정 5건이 열량기준을 초과하였고, 또한 슬러쉬 27건 중에서 20건이 당 함량을 초과한 것으로 나타나 총 29건이 고열량·저영양 식품에 해당되었다. 그러나 이번에 조사한 식품들은 슬러쉬를 제외하고는 모두 저영양 식품 판단의 한 요소인 단백질 함량이 높고, 튀김류 등은 식품의 특성상 지방함량이 많아서 열량이 높고, 모두 조리식품들이기 때문에 식사로 섭취하게 되는 식품과 마찬가지로 나트륨 함량이 높아서 고열량·저영양 식품으로 분류된 것으로 보인다. 따라서 고 열량·저영양 식품이라 하더라도 한두 번 섭취한다고 해서 문제가 생기는 것은 아니기 때문에 편식을 피하고 싱거운 맛에 익숙해지도록 하는 노력과 더불어 전체적으로 여러 유형의 식품들을 골고루 섭취하는 등, 올바른 식생활 습관이 어릴 때부터 형성되도록 소비자의 지속적인 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

In this paper, the expert system to reduce the amount of food waste is proposed. The method of material flow analysis (MFA) is applied. Proper handling of waste beyond the terms of the need for proactive research been mentioned before, but actually cause the waste generator research focuses on consumer behavior and the business community to analyze the flow of materials within the study are insufficient . In this paper, the type of food consumption and food waste, look at the relationship between the occurrence of secondary schools in the diet is provided for students to examine the preferences of the target model diet expert system was reconfigured . Preference for leaving the food in the diet leads to the important information that is Each diet recipes that make up the target material flow analysis (MFA) was constructed to perform all the database . This database is currently being generated from the rain while cooking diet edible plants and materials to reflect the self-esteem following the recommended diet is used to create . Reducing food waste is actually being used currently in research knowledge to the knowledge base was constructed . Future Home Smart System was developed in conjunction with the system to the user , by providing guidelines for the utilization can be expected.