High strength PM aluminium alloys Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (7075 type) were studied by using commercially available powder blends and the sinter-forging technique for component production. Principal areas of focus include the response to PM processing, micro structural assessment and material properties of Aluminium sinter forged products. Green preforms are successfully sintered to near full density by solid-supersolidus liquid phase sintering. Sinter forging method can produce components with net shape and mechanical characteristics of the material have improved greatly. Properties of this new PM Al-alloy were found to be reproducible in an industrial production environment.

Effects of three packing materials and exposure time on the mortality of Plodia interpunctella and Tribolium castaneum were studied using CO₂-modified atmosphere control. Materials used were triple layered craft paper (KKK), triple layered craft paper with one laminate coating layer (KLK), and triple layered craft paper with one HD film coating layer (KHK). In the test balls (ø 1.2 m) containing 85% CO₂-modified atmosphere, concentration of CO₂ in small packing envelopes (9.8×9.8 ㎝) made of the materials after one day was higher in KKK (26.67±0.58%) than KLK (23.33±0.58%) or KHK (20.67±0.58%). Both P. interpunctella and T. castaneum showed higher mortality in KKK than in either KLK or KHK. Similar results were obtained by larger space (9×4×3 m) and packing volume (20 ㎏) studies. The effect of the packing materials was clearer on T. castaneum more tolerant to CO₂ than P. interpunctella. Regression of the insect mortality on cumulative concentration time (∫<SUP>t</SUP>₀c × tdc ≈ ∑concentration × time) was highly significant. Control of P. interpunctella and T. castaneum by CO₂-modified atmosphere were discussed in relation to packing materials, cumulative concentration time of CO₂ and food products.

The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent Korean college students can acquire vocabulary from reading course materials. The participants were 32 college students who enrolled in a TEFL methodology course. A vocabulary test was administered at the beginning and the end of the course, and the results showed that the participants were able to recognize meanings of an average of 3.6 new words, suggesting that small but significant amounts of incidental vocabulary learning can occur as a result of reading course materials. The findings also showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the number of times each word occurred and its relative learning gain. The results of this study suggests that incidental vocabulary learning is possible from reading even though the amount of such learning is not large. Implications for vocabulary learning and teaching are discussed.

The purpose of this study is to optimize an emission test method for building materials and to understand the characteristics of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and carbonyl compounds emission from building materials, especially solid-phase building materials, using a small chamber test method. As a result of the evaluation for small chamber system, temperature and humidity was maintained constantly at 24.5℃, 50.2%. The background concentration of total volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde were also controlled below 20 ㎍/㎥ and 0.5 ㎍/㎥, respectively. Air leakage of emission test chamber and the duplicate precision between two emission test chambers were satisfied. As a result of evaluation for sampling and analysis system (such as the breakthrough test), repeatability of response factor, and retention time in GC/MS and HPLC, desorption efficiency, method detection limits were excellent. The concentration of total volatile organic compounds emitted from wallpapers (made of PVC) was higher at 25℃ than at 23℃. Also, the concentration of formaldehyde emitted from floorings made from non-PVC (wood-based) was higher at 25℃ than at 23℃. On the other hand, there was not a significant difference between the concentrations of total volatile organic compounds emission from wallpaper (made of PVC) which was stored for 2 weeks at 25℃ and 4℃ with tight sealing. In conclusion, emission characteristics of TVOC and formaldehyde from solid-phase building materials would be expected to apply to the plan for the management of indoor air quality.

Most concrete is recently made of an aggregate which is properly absorbed, and carried in it in order to do capability at every fields. We have been close to demand new capability of high flowing and enduring for specific concretes. That is difficult to cope with claiming the efficiency on deterioration from lack of a high quality aggregate. Therefore, For solving the problems we apply to a packing method for using dried materials. That is to say that it is a kind of making into an instant. In this study, There is a purpose to present fundamental data, comparing and analyzing a phenomenon of aggregate’s absorption following the rate of adding water, for using existing materials.

세립의 포리에틸렌, 카펫부산물, 시멘트와 라텍스로 코팅된 매끄럽고 둥근 규사질의 강자갈을 가지고 실험적인 조사가 이루어졌으며 아스팔트 혼합물 공시체를 만들었다. No. 4번체 이상에 남아 있는 골재만 코팅을 하였다. 개념은 매끄럽고 둥근 강자갈을 코팅함으로서 표면 거칠기를 증가시켜 공학적 특성이 우수한 혼합물을 만들어 내는 것이다. 표준 테스트와 비표준 테스트를 이용하여 아스팔트 혼합물 공시체를 평가하였다. 코팅과정과 제한된 혼합물 공시체 테스트 결과에 근거하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 세 가지 종류로 코팅된 골재를 사용한 혼합물들은 Hveem과 Marshall 안정도, 인장강도와 회복탄성계수가 증가되었으며 이는 코팅되지 않은 골재로 만든 혼합물과 비교하여 소성변형과 균열저항성이 향상된 것으로 판단할 수 있다.

For the biological control of the greenhouse whitefly, aphids, American leaf-miners, Encarsia formosa, Aphidius colemani, Diglyphus isaea, and Dacnusa sibirica were used as biological control factors. Otherwise, many kinds of environment friendly agricultural materials were also used in the kindly environment friendly fanning. For testing the toxicity of environment friendly agricultural materials against to insect parasitoids as biological control factors, 61 environment friendly agricultural materials were selected by using methods and periods with insect parasitoids in the greenhouses. Environment friendly agricultural materials were sprayed to mummies and adults of E. formosa and A. colemani, and adults of Diglyphus isaea and Dacnusa sibirica in laboratory condition. Emergence rates were checked during 12 days after spray to mummies of E. formosa and A. colemani, and survival rates were at 24 and 48 hours after viral test for adult parasitoids, with 10% sugar solution. Emergence rates of E. formosa mummies were inhibited by sprayed the fungicidal environment friendly agricultural material (FEFAM) E and the environment friendly agricultural materials contained molybdenum (EFAMMo) G as 0.4 and 2.7%, respectively. E. formosa adults were not survived in vial for 48hours after sprayed and dried with the environment friendly agricultural materials contained plant extract (EFAMPE) J and the EFAMMo C. The environment friendly agricultural materials contained microelements (EFAMMEs) B and EFAMPE H, environment friendly agricultural materials contained useful soil microorganisms (EFAMSMs) H, FEFAM A and FEFAM D were recorded low survival rates of E. formosa adults with 6.7, 13.3, 13.3, 20.0 and 20.0, respectively. In case of the spraying environment friendly agricultural materials to mummies of A. colemani there were low emergence rate from mummies to adults as around 20s % with water spraying as control. A. colemani adults were not survived in vial with EFAMMo C. EFAMPE J, EFAMPE F, EFAMPE H, EFAMSM H were recorded low survival rates under 20% as 6.7, 13.3, 13.3 and 13.3, respectively. D. isaea and D. sibirica adults were not survived in vial with EFAMPE J. EFAMMo C was 53.3% of survival rates in 48 hours vial tests. D. isaea and D. sibirica were not affected by environment friendly agricultural materials compared with E. formosa and A. colemani.

고강도 재료(고강도 콘크리트, 고강도 철근)가 사용된 철근콘크리트 부재의 전단파괴모드는 보통강도 재료를 사용한 부재의 전단파괴모드와 상이한 결과를 나타낼 수 있다. 고강도 재료가 사용될 경우에 구조설계기준식에서 요구하는 전단보강철근이 먼저 항복한 후에 콘크리트가 압축파괴하는 것과는 다르게, 철근이 항복하기 이전에 콘크리트가 압축파괴할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 고강도 재료가 사용된 철근콘크리트 부재의 최대철근비를 균형파괴시의 재료의 응력 및 변형률 상태를 이용하여 계산하였다. 제안식에서 최대철근비는 콘크리트의 압축강도와 전단보강철근의 상호관계에 의하여 변화하였다. 제안식은 97개의 철근콘크리트 부재에 대한 실험결과와 비교되었다. 실험결과 및 계산결과는 철근콘크리트 부재의 파괴모드가 전단보강철근의 양과 콘크리트의 압축강도와 밀접한 관계가 있음을 나타내었다.

기존의 강관이나 주철관 그리고 시멘트 관은 시간의 경과에 따르는 노화현상을 피할 수 없으며, 특히 금속관은 부식으로 인한 수질 악화문제가 크고 누수에 따른 부족한 수자원 보존과 활용에 있어 예기치 않은 문제를 발생시켜 왔다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 하나의 방안으로 지하매설용 유리섬유복합관을 사용하는 것이다. 유리섬유복합관은 충격에 대한 저항성이 우수하고 수명이 50년~100년 정도로 반영구적이다. 특히 뛰어난 내구성과 시공성이 탁월하여 신소재로 각광받고 있다. 그리고 중량이 가벼워서(강관의 1/4, 시멘트 관의 1/10) 운반 및 설치가 용이하고 공기단축 및 인력절감을 기대할 수 있다. 또한 잦은 관로 보수 및 교체공사에 따른 사회적 경제적 손실을 최소화 할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 유리섬유복합관을 이용하여 실내모형실험을 수행하여 관의 응력-변형특성을 평가하였다. 실내모형실험의 경우 관경 200mm와 관경 300mm를 사용하여 하중재하 전과 후의 수직 수평변위 수직 수평토압을 6가지 사례에 대해서 측정하였다. 측정결과 실험값과 이론값 모두 비슷하게 측정되었다. 하지만 현장발생토사를 이용한 유동성 뒤채움재를 사용한 경우, 수직 수평변위는 매우 작게 측정되었고, 토압은 거의 0에 가까운 값으로 계측되었다.

Thermoelectric conversion efficiency of thermoelectric elements can be increased by using a structure combining n-type and p-type semiconductors. From the above point of view, attention was directed at ZnO as a candidate n-type semiconductor material and investigations were made. As the result, a dimensionless figure of merit ZT close to 0.28 (1073K) was obtained for specimens produced by the PCS (Pulse Current Sintering) method with addition of specified quantities of , CoO, and to ZnO. It was found that the interstitial in the ZnO restrains the grain growth and CoO acts onto the bond between grains. The influence of the inclusion of and CoO onto the sintering behavior also was investigated.

Investigation of influence the morphology of initial powder particles, application pore-formers for sintering of nickel powders and application of flux for sintering of aluminum was made. Using different methods was prepared material with size of porous in wide range size of pores (). Using the flux for gravity sintering of aluminum in air atmosphere was manufactured porous material with porosity about 45%..

This paper described the state of art of porous metal materials, the typical manufacturing technologies and performances of sintered metal porous materials, with emphasis on the recent research achievements of CISRI in development of porous metal materials. High performance porous metal materials, such as metallic membrane, sub-micron asymmetric composite porous metal, large dimensional and structure complicated porous metal aeration cones and tube, metallic catalytic filter elements, lotus-type porous materials, etc, have been developed. Their applications in energy industry, petrochemical industry, clean coal process and other industrial fields were introduced and discussed.

Several chemicals were studied to suppress the damage due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of steam generator (SG) tubes in nuclear power plants. The effects on the SCC of the compounds, , TyzorLA and , were tested for several types of SG tubing materials. The test with the addition of and showed an effect in decreasing the SCC for the SG tubing material. However, caused some more SCC for Alloy 800. The penetration property into a crevice of the inhibitors was investigated by using Alloy 600 specimens with different gap.