최근 GPS에 기반한 위치 수집 기술의 발전과 스마트폰과 같은 GPS를 탑재한 디바이스의 폭발적인 증가로 사람, 차량, 선박, 항공체와 같은 움직이는 물체의 지리적 위치에 대한 엄청난 양의 데이터가 실시간으로 수집되고 있다. 이는 사물의 움직임과 관련된 중요한 학문적 및 실용적 가치를 가지고 있다. 이와 같은 데이터를 분석하기 위한 데이터 마이닝 방법 또한 함께 발전하고 있으며 연구자들은 궤적 데이터를 활용하여 도시에서 일어나는 이동 현상과 도시를 구성하는 장소 간의 관계 등을 탐색함으로써 다양한 도시 문제에 대한 해결방안을 제시하고 있다. 궤적은 다양한 물체의 움직임을 추적할 수 있는 만큼 그 활용 분야와 목적 역시 매우 다양하여 도시 계획, 교통, 행동생태학, 공공안전, 이상 및 위반 탐지, 감시 등과 같은 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 특히 최근 데이터 마이닝 방법론과 딥러닝 기술의 발전으로 궤적 데이터 분석에 다양한 분석방법이 융합적으로 접목되어 의미 있는 연구결과 도출되고 있어 이에 대한 체계적 분석이 필요하다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구는 궤적 데이터를 활용한 국내외 약 150여 편의 연구를 응용분야 및 활용방법론 별로 구분하고, 응용분야별, 궤적 데이터 분석 방법론별 최근 동향을 분석하였다. 이는 향후 궤적 데이터에 적용가능한 방법론 탐색, 궤적 데이터 분석과 관련된 구체적 사례 탐색, 궤적 데이터를 활용한 응용서비스 도출의 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

한국 사회에서 출가한 자라면 누구나 한 번쯤 목탁을 들고 소리 내어 염불 한 경험이 있을 것이다. 출가한 스님들에게 있어 염불은 자의든 타의든 당연 히 거쳐야 하는 수행의 과정으로 받아들여져 누구나 배우고 익히는 추세다. 현재의 염불 교육은 스승의 소리를 듣고 따라하기를 반복하며 익히는 것에 중심을 두고 성별을 떠나 같은 음높이에 같은 음색을 내도록 유도하는 게 핵심이다. 하지만 스승의 소리를 무작정 따라하기엔 많은 어려움이 따른다. 스승의 소리와 음높이가 차이 나거나 성별이 다를 경우, 이를 극복하는 과정 이 쉽지 않다. 어느덧 염불을 배우고자 했던 초심은 사라지고 중도에 포기하 려는 마음이 일어나기 마련이다. 100명이 입문해 1~2명이 성취한다는 염불 은 그 자체가 어렵게만 느껴진다. 그러나 염불을 배우고자 했던 신심 어린 입문자는 불교 염불을 전승하는 소중한 인재가 분명하다. 그들이 중도에 포 기하는 건 본인의 의지에 따른 게 맞지만, 전승 과정의 교육체계에도 보완할 점이 분명히 있다고 여긴다. 스스로 만족할만한 성과를 이루지 못해 포기하 는 경우가 대다수임을 고려할 때 초심을 유지하며 더 쉽게 염불을 익힐 수 있도록 하는 방편을 제시할 시점에 이르렀다. 이에 본 연구에선 염불에 입문 한 자에게 있어 꼭 기억해야 할 호흡과 발성을 30여 년 경험치를 담아 전하고 자 한다.

본 실험에서는 무전해 도금을 통하여 Pd 및 Pd-Cu 분리막을 제조하여 수소 투과 성능을 분석하였다. 분리막의 지 지체는 α-Al2O3 세라믹 중공사를 사용하였다. Pd-Cu 분리막은 무전해 도금을 실시하였고 Pd-Cu 합금을 만들기 위하여 수소 분위기에서 500°C, 18 h 동안의 열처리 과정을 거쳤다. 그 후, Pd-Cu 분리막은 EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction) 분석을 통해 합금이 형성된 것을 확인하였다. Pd 및 Pd-Cu 도금층의 두께는 SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) 분석을 통해 각각 약 3.21, 3.72 μm으로 측정되었다. 수소 투과 성능은 수소 단일 가스, 혼합가스(H2, N2)에서 350~450°C, 1~4 bar의 범위에서 수소 투과 실험을 진행하였다. 수소 단일 가스에서 Pd 및 Pd-Cu 분리막은 450°C, 4 bar에서 최대 54.42, 67.17 ml/cm2⋅min의 flux를 가지며, 혼합가스에서는 450°C, 4 bar의 조건일 때, 각각 1308, 453의 separation factor가 나오는 것을 확인하였다.

The present study investigated the optimum additive ratio of wheat straw pellet as a substitute for beet pulp during oyster mushroom cultivation. The chemical properties across treatments were pH of 4.8–5.5, total carbon content of 45.9–46.5%, total nitrogen content of 1.5–1.7%, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 27.8–31.0. Mycelial growth was the fastest in a medium containing 20% wheat straw pellet (at 88.2 mm in ‘Heuktari’ and 70.3–79.6 mm in ‘Suhan-1Ho’); however, there were no significant differences in mycelial density among the treatments. The characteristics of fruiting bodies by variety were as follows. In ‘Heuktari’, the valid stipe number per bottle (1,100 cc) was 22.5 and yield was 177.1 g/1,100 cc in the mixed medium containing 10% wheat straw pellet, with the values being comparable to those of controls. In ‘Suhan-1Ho’, the valid stipe number per bottle (1,100 cc) was 14.0 and yield was 151.2 g/1,100 cc in the mixed medium containing 10% wheat straw pellet, with the values being comparable to those of controls.

Pleurotus species are the most consumed and cultivated mushrooms in Korea. Although oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus) can be cultivated automatically, their storability is slightly lower than that of king oyster mushrooms (P. eryngii) and winter mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes); therefore, the export proportion of oyster mushrooms is very low. Since Korean mushrooms are highly preferred across Southeast Asian, the export of oyster mushrooms in the form of complete substrates is expected to be more promising than that of fresh mushroom. Here, 1 and 2.5 kg complete substrates of P. ostreatus ‘Soltari’ and P. sajor-caju ‘Sambok’ were prepared and stored at different temperature from 0 to 15°C for 10 days. Thereafter, the formation of fruiting bodies was induced. Since the 2.5 kg complete substrates required 70 days of incubation, their mycelia were at an advanced age and their fruiting bodies did not grown normally. When 70%-incubated complete substrates were stored at 5–10°C, the growth was faster and more uniform and stable fruiting bodies were formed. Export test of complete substrates to Vietnam using distribution containers set at 0°C and 15°C revealed that the growth period was shortened by 1–2 days when the distribution containers were set at 15°C and the yield of ‘Soltari’ increased by approximately 10%. In addition, even though the yield of ‘Sambok’ was similar between treatments at 0°C and 15°C, the quality of fruiting bodies from 15°C-distributed complete substrates was much better than that of those from 0°C-distributed substrates.

Flammulina velutipes, known as winter mushroom in the family of Physalacriaceae, is the main edible and export mushroom with the third highest production after oyster and king oyster mushroom in Korea. However, as normal consumers regard F. velutipes as a simple subsidiary material, there is a limitation to increasing mushroom demand. In order to overcome the consumption limit and increase the differentiation of new varieties, it is necessary to breed varieties with enhanced functionality in consideration of consumer preferences. Therefore, the study was performed to analyze nutrient components and several useful functional substances with 26 genetic resources of F. velutipes. Analyses of inorganic compound(Ca, K, Mg) and 15 amino acids revealed that Strain 4148 had the highest content among the 26 strains. Beta-glucan, which increases immune activity and polyphenol, which exert antioxidant effects were higher in non-white strains than in white strains with a small number of exceptions. Among the five fatty acids, linoleic acid(an omega-6 fatty acid) and α-linolenic acid(an omega-3 fatty acid), were detected in six mushroom strains. α-linolenic acid, which was not found in five major mushrooms including oyster mushrooms, was identified in F. velutipes. The results of HPLC analysis showed that ‘Auram’ (Strain 4232) and ‘Baekseung’(Strain 4230) had the highest content of the stabilizing neurotransmitter GABA(15.38 μg/ml and 20.56 μg/ml, respectively) among non-white and white strains, respectively. Our findings provide useful information for breeding F. velutipes to obtain strains with enhanced functionality.

본 논문은 철근을 대체재로 CFRP 그리드의 적용 가능성을 평가하기 위한 해석적 연구 결과를 보고한다. CFRP 그리 드로 보강된 콘크리트 보의 휨거동 예측을 위한 유한요소해석은 상용 구조해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA를 이용하여 수행되었다. 제안된 유한요소해석 모델은 Kwak et al.(2022)에 의해 수행된 실험 결과에 대한 재현해석을 통해 검증되었다. 해석에서 도출된 파괴양상은 실험 결과와 비교적 정확히 예측되었다. 또한 유한요소해석에서 예측된 극한하중 및 극한하중에서의 처짐은 실험 결과와 각각 9%, 12%의 미미한 오차를 보였으며, 제안된 유한요소해석모델의 정확성은 검증되었다. 제안된 해석모델을 FE해석 모델을 이용하여 CFRP 그리드로 보강된 콘크리트 부재의 휨강도에 영향을 미치는 인자를 확인하기 위해 매개변수해석이 수행 되었다. 매개변수해석 결과, CFRP 그리드의 단면적이 CFRP 그리드로 보강된 콘크리트 보의 휨성능에 상당한 영향을 끼치는 인 자로 확인되었다.

본 연구는 (사)한국코치협회 소속 코치들을 중심으로 국내 코치 활동과 관련 된 기초자료를 제공함으로써 코치들의 성장과 발전에 기여하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 (사)한국코치협회 소속 코치 638명을 대상으로 온라인 설문 을 진행하고, 응답 결과를 분석하였다. 총 61개의 문항 중 44개의 문항을 중심으 로 분석을 하였으며, 국내 코치들의 일반 활동 현황분석, 코칭 비용과 수입, 코치 의 코칭 역량을 중심으로 연구하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 코치들은 경영 학과, 심리학, 코칭학을 전공한 석사 졸업자가 가장 많았고, 코치들의 활동 지역 은 주로 서울, 경기에 집중되어 있었다. 코칭 비용에 있어서는 회기당 현재 받는 코칭 비용과 받고 싶은 코칭 비용 수준이 서로 달랐으며, 코칭 경력, 소속, 직업 별, 코칭 비용과 수입, 코칭 시간에 있어서 코치 자격별 차이가 있었다. 전업 코 치로 활동하는데 가장 장애가 되는 요소는 고객이 많지 않기 때문이라고 응답했 다. 코칭 역량과 관련하여 코치의 전문성을 강조하였으며, 경청하기를 주요 기 술이라고 했다. 본 연구를 통해 전문직업인으로서 코치들이 나아가야 할 방향성 을 제시했고, 코칭 관련 시사점, 한계점, 기대사항 등을 도출하였다는 점에서 의 의가 있다.

PURPOSES : Local governments in Korea, including Incheon city, have introduced the pavement management system (PMS). However, the verification of the repair time and repair section of roads remains difficult owing to the non-existence of a systematic data acquisition system. Therefore, data refinement is performed using various techniques when analyzing statistical data in diverse fields. In this study, clustering is used to analyze PMS data, and correlation analysis is conducted between pavement performance and influencing factors. METHODS : First, the clustering type was selected. The representative clustering types include K-means, mean shift, and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). In this study, data purification was performed using DBSCAN for clustering. Because of the difficulty in determining a threshold for high-dimensional data, multiple clustering, which is a type of DBSCAN, was applied, and the number of clustering was set up to two. Clustering for the surface distress (SD), rut depth (RD), and international roughness index (IRI) was performed twice using the number of frost days, the highest temperature, and the average temperature, respectively. RESULTS : The clustering result shows that the correlation between the SD and number of frost days improved significantly. The correlation between the maximum temperature factor and precipitation factor, which does not indicate multicollinearity, improved. Meanwhile, the correlation between the RD and highest temperature improved significantly. The correlation between the minimum temperature factor and precipitation factor, which does not exhibit multicollinearity, improved considerably. The correlation between the IRI and average temperature improved as well. The correlation between the low- and high-temperature precipitation factors, which does not indicate multicollinearity, improved. CONCLUSIONS : The result confirms the possibility of applying clustering to refine PMS data and that the correlation among the pavement performance factors improved. However, when applying clustering to PMS data refinement, the limitations must be identified and addressed. Furthermore, clustering may be applicable to the purification of PMS data using AI.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to confirm the thermal expansion characteristics of concrete mixed with 1% waste glass fine aggregates, which is the amount stipulated for recycled aggregates in the current quality standard. METHODS : The coefficient of thermal expansion was measured by applying AASHTOT 336-10 using a LVDT. The results measured were used as physical properties in a finite element analysis to confirm the change in tensile stress and the displacement of the right angle section of the upper slab of a concrete pavement due to admixture substitution. RESULTS : The thermal expansion coefficients of concrete based on the replacement rate of the admixture when the waste glass fine aggregates are replaced are within the range of the thermal expansion coefficients of concrete specified in the Federal Highway Administration report. As the replacement rate of the admixture increases, the thermal expansion coefficient of concrete decreases. As the thermal expansion coefficient decreases, the slab pavement curling displacement and the tensile stress of the center of the upper slab of concrete decrease. CONCLUSIONS : In the short term, the presence or absence of waste glass fine aggregates does not significantly affect the thermal expansion coefficient of concrete. However, in the long term, waste glass fine aggregates are reactive aggregates that causes ASR, which creates an expandable gel around the aggregates and results in concrete expansion. Therefore, the relationship between ASR and the thermal expansion coefficient must be analyzed in future studies.

PURPOSES : In this study, surface distress (SD), rutting depth (RD), and international roughness index (IRI) prediction models are developed based on the zones of Incheon and road classes using regression analysis. Regression analysis is conducted based on a correlation analysis between the pavement performance and influencing factors. METHODS : First, Incheon was categorized by zone such as industrial, port, and residential areas, and the roads were categorized into major and sub-major roads. A weather station triangle network for Incheon was developed using the Delaunay triangulation based on the position of the weather station to match the road sections in Incheon and environmental factors. The influencing factors of the road sections were matched Based on the developed triangular network. Meanwhile, based on the matched influencing factors, a model of the current performance of the road pavement in Incheon was developed by performing multiple regression analysis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the developed model to determine the influencing factor that affected each performance factor the most significantly. RESULTS : For the SD model, frost days, daily temperature range, rainy days, tropical nights, and minimum temperatures are used as independent variables. Meanwhile, the truck ratio, freeze–thaw days, precipitation days, annual temperature range, and average temperatures are used for the RD model. For the IRI model, the maximum temperature, freeze–thaw days, average temperature, annual precipitation, and wet days are used. Results from the sensitivity analysis show that frost days for the SD model, precipitation days and freeze–thaw days for the RD model, and wet days for the IRI model impose the most significant effects. CONCLUSIONS : We developed a road pavement performance prediction model using multiple regression analysis based on zones in Incheon and road classes. The developed model allows the influencing factors and circumstances to be predicted, thus facilitating road management.

This study aimed to evaluate the germination characteristics, -glucan and antioxidant contents, and antioxidant activity of naked oat according to germination temperature (20, 25, and 30oC) and time (24, 48, and 72 h). Sprout length was highest at 25oC, and the rotten degree was increased as the germination temperature and time increased. The -glucan content of naked oat increased after 24 h of germination at all temperatures and then decreased by 72 h of germination. Total polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity increased as the germination temperature and time increased.

This study aims to investigate the effect of drying temperatures on the quality characteristics and physicochemical properties of vegetables. Lettuce and napa cabbage were dried at 40, 50, and 60oC and analyzed for various quality indexes. Higher drying temperature induced the lower L* and higher a* and b* values of samples. Also, it resulted in lowering the rehydration ratio, pH, and total free amino acid content of dried vegetables. The outcome might be due to the damage to the internal structure of vegetables and the decomposition of free amino acids during thermal treatment. Higher drying temperatures led to higher soluble solid and total polyphenol contents due to the conversion of phenolic compounds from combined to free form during the drying process, which changed phenolic compounds from combined to free form. Consequently, samples dried at higher temperatures had higher DPPH radical scavenging ability. The final moisture content and drying time decreased as the drying temperature increased; moreover, the antioxidant activity increased. A lower drying temperature is beneficial to maintaining the chemical characteristics of crops.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore university students’ experiences of participating in online classes during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A survey was conducted with 169 third- and fourth-year students at five universities in W City from May 5 to 22, 2021 through an online survey platform. Qualitative data were collected from 13 third- and fourth-year students at five universities in the same area through three focus group interviews between May 22 and 25 and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The experience of online classes was rated in the following order: live lectures (92.9%) and recorded lectures (73.4%). Satisfaction with online classes was rated for recorded lectures, which were scored 3.54±1.05 (out of five), and live lectures, which were scored 3.32±1.02. Lack of interaction with faculty (37.9%) and lack of participating practicum (30.8%) were cited as dissatisfaction factors in online classes. From the qualitative data, five sub-themes were identified: “not being respected in one’s learning”, “increased burden of learning in a situation of poor communication,” “it's not that I hate online classes”, “efforts to improve the loose will and attitude toward classes”, “reduced quality of experience and uncertain future”. These sub-themes were abstracted under the theme of “everyday life of learning alone toward an uncertain future”. Conclusion: To ensure more effective online learning, it is necessary to strengthen the interaction between faculty and students, apply online teaching strategies suitable for class objectives, and support various programs to motivate students for self-directed learning.

본 연구의 목적은 디지털 트랜스포메이션의 도입이 가속화 된 경영 환경 속에서 조직 내 인적자원개발(human resource development: HRD) 담당자들이 경험하는 업무 변화에 대해 알아보고, 그에 따른 필요역량 및 업무 수행 시 겪는 어려움을 탐색하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 HRD 업무를 담당하는 현직 종사자 10명을 대상으로 하여 일대일 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 그 결과 디지털 트랜스포메이션시대에 HRD 담당자의 업무는 NCS 기반의 능력단위를 기준으로 하여 전통적인 업무와 비교했을 때 강화, 감소 또는 새롭게 추가된 업무가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 필요 역량은 지식, 기술, 태도, 능력이라는 범주로 나누어 도출하였는데, 테크놀로지 활용 기술 및 변화에 적극적이고 긍정적으로 대응하려는 태도 및 능력이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 디지털 트렌드 및 스킬에 대한 지속적인 학습으로 인해 업무량은 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 조직원들의 변화를 이끌어가야 하는 HRD 담당자들에게 실천적 시사점을 제시하고, 연구의 제한점 및 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 제언하였다.