베이스메이크업 중의 하나인 프레스드 파우더는 주요 품질 속성으로 밀착성과 발림성이다. 일반적으로 메이크업 화장료에서 밀착성을 향상시키면 반대속성인 발림성이 저하되기 때문에 밀착성과 발림성을 동시에 충 족시키는데 한계가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 주요 속성을 만족시키기 위해서 air jet mill 공정을 시도하였 고, lauroyl lysine (LL)과 sodium cocoyl glutamate (SCG)의 혼합물로 습식 코팅 처리한 sericite를 적용하 여 밀착성을 향상시켰다. 또한, 분산성이 단분산성을 이루고 있는 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)와 diphenyl dimethicone/ vinyl diphenyl dimethicone/ silsesquioxane crosspolymer (DDVDDSC)를 적용하 여 발림성을 향상시켜 서로 양립하기 어려운 두 가지 품질 속성을 모두 만족시켰다. air jet mill 공정은 제약, 식품 산업에서 주로 적용되고 있으며 화장품 분야에서는 파우더 소재 가공을 위해 사용되고 있는 공법이다. 본 연구에서는 air jet mill 공정을 제조 공정단계에서 접목시켜 최적의 입경인 6.8 μ m의 화장료를 완성할 수 있었 다. 그리고, EDS 매핑으로 Ti 원소가 화장료에서 전체적으로 고르게 분포하고 있음을 확인하였고, SEM 분석을 통하여 판상 입자의 모서리 부분이 둥글게 가공처리 됨을 확인하였다. 이는 화장 도구를 이용하여 화장료를 취하 여 피부에 도포할 때, 발림성이 향상되는 효과를 줄 수 있다고 판단된다. 피부 친화성이 우수한 LL과 저자극이면 서 코코넛에서 유래한 SCG를 습식 코팅하여 sericite의 밀착성을 더욱 향상시켰다. 그리고, PMMA의 분산성과 형태가 발림성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 SEM을 분석하였다. 유사한 형태를 갖는 구형 및 진구형에서도 분포도가 균일하고 단분산상일 때 발림성 효과가 더욱 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. PMMA의 단분산성과 입경에 따른 발림성을 동마찰계수 측정으로 확인하였고, 최적의 함량을 결정하였다. 그리고, 실리콘 러버 파우더 종류에 따른 발림성과 경도, 낙하안정성 등을 확인하여 DDVDDSC를 결정하였다. 최종적으로 PMMA의 단분산성과 실 리콘 러버 파우더가 발림성에 영향을 끼치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 화장료는 적정한 경도를 갖으면서도 낙하안정성이 우수하며, 경시에 따른 안정성도 우수하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 본 논문에서 제시하는 프레스드 파우더의 밀착성과 발림성을 향상시킬 수 있는 한 가지 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

본 연구는 여주 분말 첨가 된장의 발효 중 이화학적 특성, phytochemical 화합물(isoflavones과 phenolic acids) 및 생리활성 활성 변화를 측정하였다. 된장 발효 중 pH는 6.41-5.83에서 5.81-5.24로 감소하였고, 반면에 산도는 0.42-0.65%에서 1.28-1.48%로 증가하였다. 고초균과 효모 생균수, 염도 및 총 아미노산 함량은 발효 종기(60 일)에 증가하였다. 특히, 발효 후 10% 여주 분말 첨가 된장은 가바(GABA, 129.87 mg/100 g) 함량이 다른 된장 시료들과 비교하여 가장 함량이 높았다. 발효 후 된장은 발효 전 된장 시료보다 생리활성이 높았다. 발효 후 phytochemicals 화합물 중 isoflavone-aglycones과 phenolic acids는 증가하였고, 반면에 isoflavone-glycosides는 감소하였다. 게다가, 발효 후에 총 phenolics, isoflavone-aglycones과 phenolic acids 함량은 급격히 증가하였고, 이에 따라 항산화 활성과 α-glucosidase 저해활성이 증가하였다. 이들 결과로부터 여주 분말 첨가로 항산화와 항당뇨 활성이 개선된 새로운 타입의 된장 제조가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

In this study, we produced the recombinant lunasin peptide using E. coli and P. pastoris, and evaluated biological activity of the recombinant lunasin peptide. Lunasin peptide was produced from E. coli transfected with pPGEX-lunasin expression vector and P. pastoris GS115 transfected with pPIC-lunasin expression vector. These recombinant lunasin peptides were similar to the synthetic lunasin peptide in the identification by LC-ESI-MS. In addition, the recombinant lunasin peptide from E. coli and P. pastoris was bound in the chromatin, and inhibited histone acetylation and the activity of histone acetyltransferase. These findings suggest that the production of the lunasin peptide using E. coli and P. pastoris will be useful for industrial utilization of lunasin peptide.

Collapse of reinforced earth retaining wall due to improper design and construction is still occurring during construction and operation. While most studies of reinforced retaining walls are focused on the mechanistic behavior, there is little study on the improvement of assessment item, which is used to examine the safety of retaining wall, based on the existed inspection data. This study proposed new weighting factor of assessment item by utilizing multiple regression analysis technique, AHP method, and entropy method for the existed inspection data of reinforced earth retaining wall. Compared to the existed weighting factor, the value and the rank of proposed weighting factors are changed. By applying the proposed weighting factors to the existing retaining walls of 161 sites, fragility region of 47 sites is changed.

This study had the purpose to prepare a well-organized strategy to unify facility safety management system by analyzing the problems of present system for facilities subject to particular management, and identifying obstacle elements by "Special Act on the Safety Control of Public Structures". To that end, the study was conducted as follows: First through identification of the status of domestic facility safety management system and analysis of facility management system in advanced foreign countries, logic for unification of domestic facility safety management system was proposed. Second the problems of the safety management system for facilities subject to particular management, and considerations for unification were analyzed. Third, strategy for unification of facility safety management system including safety management subject and checking period etc was proposed.

Background: The roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi contain atractylone, which is used to suppress appetite and indigestion caused by gastrointestinal disturbance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of several organic compost on the growth and root yield of A. macrocephala with organic fertilizer.Methods and Results:When organic fertilizer was applied basally, the average yield of 10 a was 184.6 ㎏ in the HA (Hwanggeumjidae, organic material mix), 171.3 ㎏ in the GG (Gyunbaeyangchegreen, bacterial cuture filtrate) and 175.0 ㎏ in the CF (Customary fertilization, control) each other in practice of CF had no statistical significance. Atractylenolide I was significantly greater in the HA (0.036%) than the GG (0.034%) or CF (0.023%). With regard to the amount of organic fertilzer, 10 a yield ws the most common of 203.0 ㎏ at 2.0 times of the organic 1 (HA), conventional fertilization of 134.0 ㎏ and 173.0 ㎏ of no application was a statistically significant. Organic fertilizer 1 was 1.5 to 2.0 times, organic fertilizer was 2 to 1.5 times that were most suitable.Conclusions:The results of the present study indicated that HA and GG are the most suitable for the organic cultivation of A. macrocephala. The content of atractylone I was highest under the HA treatment and lowest under the CU (Chamjoa, oil cake), TG (Totogreen, plant oil cake) and HG (Heuksalgreen, Castor oil cake) treatment.

Insulation materials used for building save energy and can be classified into inorganic and organic materials. Organic insulation emits toxic gases in a fire annd has lower water resistance. Inorganic insulation is heavy and has poorer thermal performance than that of organic material. This study evaluated the physical properties and fire resistance of lightweight inorganic insulation foaming material made of waste glass powder. The test results showed that the inorganic material performed well with low density and low thermal conductivity for an insulation material. Foam insulation material manufactured from glass powder was sufficient as a fire-resistant product.

21세기 디자인 환경에서는 기능을 대신하여 사용자 측면에서의 감정적 내용에 대한 중요성이 확장되고 있으며, 제품의 비물질적 특성을 중시하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이른바 디자인 함축적 특성에 대한 내용이 요구되고 있으며, 사물의 부재중인 구조로 평가되는 인식적 차원에서의 기능이 중요하게 되었다. 실제로 소비에 있어 기술적 내용과 제조 기업의 이미지보다 제품을 마주하는 순간에 야기되는 감정 ,즉 대상으로부터 파생되는 인상(印象)이 소비의 중요한 단서로 작용하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 디자인 대상에 내제된 함축성은 곧 정보(Design Information)로 인식되고 있으며, 디자인 분석내지는 시장에서 소비자 반응을 확인할 수 있는 중요한 단서가 될 수 있는 것이다. 또한 디자인은 주관과 객관적 관계를 통한 상호과정에서 추론되는 사고의 결과이며, 소비자(사회 구성원)들의 육체와 심리적 욕구에 상응하는 대상에 해당된다. 따라서 본 논문은 디자인 함축적 정보에 대한 분석을 통해 디자인 개발이나, 시장 분석을 위한 도구로서 의미를 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인지공학자인 도널드 노먼(D.Norman)의 일상용품 심리학에 작용하는 요인들을 중심으로 디자인 대상에 대하여 인지적 관계를 규정하였다. 이에 근거하여 조작과정에 작용하는 행위와 요소와 연계하여 의미공간과 대립적 양극성의 용어를 설정하였다. 또한 디자인에 내제된 함축적 정보를 규명하기 위해 디자인관련 학부생과 대학원생 50인이 통계과정에 참여하였으며, 의미론적 차별법을 활용하여 결과를 도출하였다. 또한 논문의 결과는 디자인 사조 또는 개별적인 디자인에 대한 함축적 정보 탐색에 활용될 수 있으며, 이에 근거하여 디자인 분석과정, 시장조사, 디자인 평가 그리고 디자인 개발방향 설정단계에서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

최근 선진국을 중심으로 자원고갈 및 기후변화에 대응하기 위하여 폐기물을 이용한 에너지화 기술(WTE)이 주목을 받고 있으며, 국내에서도 폐자원을 활용한 자원순환형사회 구축을 위해 폐기물 연료화 시설(MBT, Mechanical Biological Treatment)로 고형연료 즉, SRF(Solid Refuse Fuels)를 생산하여 발전하는 시설이 도입되고 있다. 유럽에서는 1990년부터 최근까지 300개 이상의 MBT 시설이 설치 운영 중에 있으며, 초기에는 폐기물의 매립량 최소화 또는 매립지의 환경부하를 절감하기 위한 방법에서, 최근에는 SRF 생산 또는 에너지 생산에 주목적이 되고 있다. 국내에도 ‘16년 현재 부산광역시, 수도권매립지 등 약 20여개의 생활폐기물 연료화 시설이 가동 및 계획 중에 있으나, 생물학적 처리공정(BT, Biological Treatment)이 결여된 MT(Mechanical Treatment)위주의 공정으로 인해 고형연료로 회수할 수 있는 가연성물질이 상당부분 저품위 잔재물로 배출되어 매립 또는 소각처리 되고 있다. 이에 유럽을 중심으로 가연성폐기물을 대상으로 생물학적 처리(BT, Biological Treatment) 기술이 포함된 MBT 시설이 증가하고 있으며, 이 중 하나의 기술인 호기성 미생물의 활동으로 인해 발생되는 열을 이용하여 폐기물에 포함된 수분을 건조시키는 Bio-drying 공법이 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 운영되고 있는 생활폐기물 연료화 시설에서 고형연료로 회수되지 못하고 배출되는 저품위 잔재물에 포함된 수분을 Bio-drying 공법을 이용하여 건조하는 과정에서 발생되는 악취의 특성을 평가하고, 악취를 저감하기 위한 적정 약품을 선정하여, 향후 저품위 잔재물 건조공정의 악취 저감 기술을 개발하기 위한 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

According to social needs, eco-friendly material for concrete structures has been developed in recent years. Hwang-toh is one of the eco-friendly architectural material and hwang-toh has been used by partial or complete replacement of portland cement. Pullout tests on deformed steel reinforcing bars with non-activated hwangtoh concrete are conducted in this paper. Experimental results, average bond strength of non-activated hwangtoh concrete was appeared to 7.3 MPa.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of harvest time on the growth, yield characteristics and loganin content in Dipsacus asperoides Wall. Methods and Results: Dipsacus asperoides seedlings were planted within a nursery environment in early May 2015 and harvested in early, middle and late October 2015, and early November 2015. Harvest time did not result significant differences in the plant height, stem diameter, branch length, leaf width and aboveground dry weight moreover, no significant differences were observed in root length, number of roots and root diameter. However, the diameter of lateral roots was greater in the harvests from the late October and period thereafter. The highest values of root dry weight and yield were recorded in early November. Specifically, the yield significantly increased from 205 ㎏/10 a (index: 100) in early October to 358 ㎏/10 a (index: 175) in early November, in terms of root part weight. Loganin contents of D. asperoides differed significantly among harvest times raging from 0.0766% in early October to 0.1704% in late November, thereby showing an increasing trend in later harvest times. Conclusions: These results suggest that the optimum harvest time for D. asperoides is early November, when the yield is the highest. Harvest time significantly affected loganin contents, which constantly increased from early October until early November.

This paper analyzes the different expansion properties of various acrylic waterproofing repair materials and draws a conclusion on stable leakage repair measures based on the test results.

This study is based on a survey conducted to understand the current problems of water leakages in underground structures. According to the overall results, 55.7% of the respondents replied that water leakage problems is serious and all replied that a preventative measure is absolutely necessary.

Waterproofing materials applied in underground structures are commonly exposed to environmental factors such as rain water, vibration, structural movement. Particularly in the case of rain waters, the pollutants and chemical substances penetrate into the waterproofing layer surface and cause complex degradation. Approaching this problem with only conventional leakage preventative measures may prove difficulties in solving it. In this regard, 3 dimensional material evaluation methods (waterproofing system structure) should be employed over 2 dimensional methods, and a testing method that allows the simultaneous testing of various degradation conditions found in underground environments is necessary.

A new soybean cultivar ‘Wonhyun’, was developed by mutation breeding technique using a 250 Gy gamma ray at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) in 2010. ‘Wonhyun’ has black seed coat and much better agronomic performance than original variety ‘Paldal’. Their total yield (177.1kg/10a) is much higher than that of ‘Paldal’ (126.9 kg/10a). Also, 100 seed weight of Wonhyun was 27g compared to ‘Paldal’ (13.7g). Contents of 4 essential amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and unsaturated fatty acid including linoleic and linolenic acid have much higher than ‘Paldal’. This cultivar is good for cooking with rice as improved functional ingredient soybean.

The mortality was tested to organic control materials to the E. maslovskii adults by the dipping method in laboratory. As the result, in 2014, the extracts of Neem Ⅰ was not shown control effect by 10.2% control efficacy to E. maslovskii adults in laboratory. The extract of Sophora flavescens roots was shown 84.7% mortality. And other 5 materials were shown 100% insecticidal activity to the adults in laboratory. I n 2015, Plant extract+pyrolignous acid Matrine 0.45% and Plant extract Matrine 0.5+paraffin oil 8% were shown 100% and 94.6% control efficacy, respectively. In the Japanese apricot orchards, the fruit damage rate was low on spray at 21th April in Daap, Gwangyang city, and 8th May Hwangjeon, Suncheon city in Jeonnam province in 2014. The fruit damage rate differed from spray timing and materials, but it was considered that the control of E. maslovskii should be in late April to early May. Otherwise, in 2015, the fruit damage was significantly low in late April spray in Daap, but no significant was in between one spray at 21th, 27th April and 2 spray that days. Meanwhile, the control effect was better 2 times spray of the days in Hwangjeon, Suncheon city in Jeonnam province. Therefore, in organic Japanese apricot, the use of insecticidal materials recommended to control over twice spay in from meddle to late April.

This study was conducted to evaluate the emission characteristics of air pollutants from incineration facilities in Jeollanam-do. We selected 8 incineration facilities depend on type and the 19 items such as dust etc. were measured at the measurement hole for emission gas from air contamination control units. The range of emission concentrations for dust was 2.8 ~ 20.9 mg/Sm3 less than permissible air discharge standards. The results of 10 gaseous contaminants such as SOx was less than permissible air discharge standards. The range of emission concentrations for NOx was 13.4 ~ 120.0 ppm, less than permissible air discharge standards. As G facility was 112.4 ppm, 120.0 ppm, it exceeded emission standard (100 ppm) twice. The range of emission concentrations for HCl was ND ~ 85.300 ppm, B Facilitiy exceeded emission standard (20 ppm) as 85.300 ppm. The range of emission concentrations for NH3 was ND ~ 76.333 ppm, A, D, H Facility exceeded emission standard (30 ppm). The concentration of each facility was 42.416 ppm, 62.930 ppm, 76.333 ppm. The results of heavy metals (5 items) showed within emission standards. G facility is operating in condition that input of urea is 100 L/day. If input of urea were changed to 50 ~ 75 L/day, the operating cost of air pollution prevention facility can be reduced by 25% ~ 50%. In this study, the correlation between urea input and nitrogen oxides was statistically significant, but the correlation between urea input and ammonia showed insignificantly. Our research attempts to evaluate the emission characteristics of air pollutants from incineration facilities and to institute a reduction plan, an effective management of incinerators.

현재 대형 빌딩이나 공동주택에 건설되는 지하구조물은 건조수축, 시공이음, 폼타이부 등에서 콘크리트 균열로 인한 누수가 많이 발생되고 있다. 누수가 발생하게 되면 구조물의 지하공간은 결로, 곰팡이 등이 발생되어 지하 환경을 악화시키고 구조물의 콘크리트로 흡수되 면 철근의 부식 등을 유발하여 구조물의 안전을 위협한다. 이는 지하구조물의 사용과정에서 장기적인 쾌적성과 구조물에 안전성이 고려되지 않은 설계와 시공의 결과이며 누수 하자에 대하여 유도배수처리로 대응하기 때문에 근본적인 누수보수가 이루어지지 않아 지하구조물은 항시 누수를 허용하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지하에 적용되는 방수공법을 내방수와 외방수로 분류하고 이를 바탕으로 지하구조물 과 유사한 간이시험체를 제작하였으며, 결로가 많이 발생되는 동절기의 온도조건을 기준으로 지하환경의 방수공법별 습도변화량을 분석할 것 이다.

The analytical method for 16 organophosphorus pesticides was developed in this study. The 16 organophosphorus pesticides were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using on-line solid phase extraction (on-line SPE) with PLRP- S cartridge. Analysis of all analytes in the MS/MS was processed in the electrospray ioni-zation (ESI) positive mode. They are Azinphos ethyl, Chlorfenvinphos, Ethion, Famphur, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Terbufos, Aspon, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Crotoxyphos, Dichlofenthi-on, Dicrotophos, Fonofos, Thionazin, Dimethoate and Iprobenfos. Limits of detection (LODs) and Limits of quantification(LOQs) were obtained as 0.8~2.0 ng/L and 2.6~6.4 ng/L, respectively. All compounds were not detected at the 8 sampling points of the raw water and clean water.

This study was conducted to investigate the mixed seeding of 5 forage barley varieties (youngyang, yuyeon, dami, wooho, soman) with 1 malting barley variety (hopum). Yield of the mixed seeding was compared with each single seeding and variety combinations. Yield of mixed seeding combination was higher than each single seeding. In mixed seeding of ‘Youngyang’ and ‘Hopum’ (50% and 50% ratio), ‘Yuyeon’ and ‘Hopum’ (70% and 30% ratio), ‘Dami’ and ‘Hopum’ (50% and 50% ratio), ‘Wooho’ and ‘Hopum’ (50% and 50% ratio) were higher yield of dry weight than yield of other mixed ratios. Most of all, mixed seeding of ‘Dami’ and ‘Hopum’ were high yield mixed seeding (ratios of 50% each other). In generally, the yields of barley mixed seeding with malting barley ‘Hopum’ were high production. The forage quality of mixed seeding combination was higher than any each single seeding. ‘Youyeon’ 50% and ‘Hopum’ 50% ratio was more higher