This paper is an architectural historical study on Chimi of Hwangnyongsa Temple. In this research, the shape and cross-section of the chimi are reviewed. The results of the study are as follows. The chimi is a form in which the head part facing the maru is omitted, and the upper and lower body are separated. The upper and lower bonds are assembled into a two types of joint throughout the side of the torso, and then bound with an iron strap. Because of the absence of ridge line in the front, and the narrow curved surface which makes the side plate close to the plane, the entire cross-section is triangular, and the rear plate maintains the shape of the chimi. The naerimmaru connected to the side of the chimi has a slope, so it is clear that the chimi was used on the woojingak-jibung(hipped-roof), and the wing part and back of the chimi are erected on the side roof. The height of the yongmaru and chunyeomaru is about the same and the roofing tiles of those are in contact. The roofing tiles of chunyemaru should be cut to fit the angle of the contacting part. The maru is 30 stories high of roofing tiles as a result of the on-board survey. Based on reference on the shape and timing of the production of chimi, the height of chimi, and the maru is believed to have been built before the Unified Silla Period and used in buildings with at least seven-kan frontage. Buildings corresponding to these construction conditions can be seen as Central hall and East hall in Hwangnyongsa temple.

This study aimed to evaluate the germination characteristics, -glucan and antioxidant contents, and antioxidant activity of naked oat according to germination temperature (20, 25, and 30oC) and time (24, 48, and 72 h). Sprout length was highest at 25oC, and the rotten degree was increased as the germination temperature and time increased. The -glucan content of naked oat increased after 24 h of germination at all temperatures and then decreased by 72 h of germination. Total polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity increased as the germination temperature and time increased.

This study investigated optimal extraction conditions for applying Capsicum annuum L. leaf as a functional food resource. Capsicum annuum L. leaf was extracted at different extraction solvents (water and 95% ethanol), extraction temperatures (80oC and 100oC), and e xtraction times ( 30, 60, and 9 0 min), a nd t he extracts were e valuated for extraction yield, luteolin content as a major flavonoid component, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extraction yield, luteolin content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the hot water extract were higher than those of the ethanol extract. In evaluating the extraction temperature of Capsicum annuum L. leaf, the antioxidant activities were similar, but the extraction yields, luteolin contents, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were higher at 100oC extraction. In evaluating the extraction time of Capsicum annuum L. leaf, extraction yield increased as the extraction time increased, but antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were the highest at 60 min of extraction. These results suggest that the optimum extraction conditions of Capsicum annuum L. leaf are hot water for 60 min at 100oC, and the extracts can be used as a functional food resource.

This study tries to shed light on character and architectural features of the 2nd construction of Bunhwangsa temple in the mid-8th century. The site of Bunhwangsa Temple is divided into upper and lower areas based on retaining walls running from northwest to southeast, and the main area of the temple centered on Geumdang(the main hall) is located in the upper area. Space composition of the lower area including Wonji(a garden pond) and Gangdang(a lecture hall), is noteworthy in that Bunhwangsa Temple was constructed in a deviating way from rigorous constructional disciplines and used their space efficiently. The Geumdang in the 2nd construction was the largest worship hall with 7×6 bays. The hall was designed to divide its space into two ; the core space was surrounded by outer space. Each gap between columns in the hall was narrowed from center to outer. The main construction of the Geumdang was built as a stable structure with lead-to corridors. This was a much-advanced style than Geumdang at Hwangnyongsa Temple. The Gangdang is presumed to be a large building site as a typical Gangdang style in the Silla era. It was built in the late 9th century and was located in the northern part of the retaining walls. The composition of the middle gate and southern corridors were in double and long corridor style and they were located in front of the 2nd construction. This style coincided in the form of the architectural style of the Hwangnongsa Temple. The 2nd construction of the Bunhwangsa Temple was smaller than the Hwangnongsa Temple. However, it was a prestigious architecture.

본 연구에서는 지방 산화를 억제하고 품질이 우수한 부세 굴비의 가공법을 개발하기 위해 대두와 멸치의 복합 발효소재를 첨가한 염지제 처리 및 건조 시간에 따른 부세 굴비를 제조하여 품질 특성을 비교하였다. 발효소재 첨가에 따른 염지제와 부세 굴비의 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 발효소재의 함량에 따라 증가하였으나, 발효소재 1% 이상에서 부세 굴비의 라디칼 소거능은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 발효소재의 함량이 증가할수록 부세 굴비의 아미노태질소 함량은 증가하고 VBN, TBARS, 산가는 감소하는 결과를 나타내나, 발효소재 1% 이상에서 품질의 유의적인 차이가 크지 않으므로 염지제의 발효소재 함량은 1%로 선정하였다. 염지제의 염도에 따른 부세 굴비의 품질을 분석한 결과 염도가 증가할수록 아미노태질소 함량은 증가하고 히스타민, VBN, TBARS, 산가는 감소하는 결과는 나타내며, 염지제의 염도는 품질 개선 효과가 가장 우수한 7% 조건을 선정하였다. 염지 처리 후 건조 시간에 따른 부세 굴비의 품질을 분석한 결 과 건조 시간이 증가할수록 수분은 감소하고 염도, pH, 아미노태질소, 히스타민, VBN, TBARS, 산가는 증가하였다. 그러나 건조 48시간 이하는 수분이 많아 저장성이 낮으며, 건조 96시간에서 히스타민과 산패도의 증가율이 높아지므로 부세 굴비의 건조 시간은 72시간이 적합한 것으 로 판단되었다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning and nature of the experiences of adult patients infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) when they were teens. Methods: To this end, we analyzed how the experience was interpreted in their daily lives and what its meaning was through the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), a new method of extensive qualitative research in the UK. Among the confirmed HIV infections in teenagers, three people who agreed to participate in the study were men in their 20s and 30s. Participants were interviewed in-depth to collect data and the data was analyzed and interpreted using IPA. Results: As the results, eight themes and 18 sub-themes were derived from meaningful statements through in-depth analysis, and these were categorized into 4 categories. The four categories included ‘shock and despair’, ‘realistic difficulties’, ‘barriers in relationships’, and ‘life transitions’. Conclusion: Adolescent infected persons had support from their families or surroundings, and this positively influenced on the recovery of infected persons. We discussed the implications of the understanding of HIV infection, changes in social perception, the need for correct sex education, and the experiences of teenagers infected with HIV, and suggested follow-up studies.

본 연구는 2019 개정누리과정에 맞춰 놀이중심 교육과정 실현을 위해 보육교 사의 전문성 신장과 함께 진정한 아동중심 교육 실천을 도모하고자 수행되었다. 보육교사들의 자발적 ‘교사 협의’ 경험은 어떠하며 그 과정에서 보육교사들은 어떠한 반성적 사고와 실천 변화가 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 연구참여자는 충청남도 S시에 위치한 S어린이집의 교사 11명이다. 보육교사들의 자발적인 선택과 참여를 전제로 영아반과 유아반 두 집단으로 구분하여 ‘교사 협의’가 진행되었다. 보육교사들은 ‘교사 협의’를 통해 영유아들의 놀이 지원 시 갈등하고 고민하 던 부분들을 되돌아보며 함께 나누는 일이 곧 스스로 성장하는 배움의 출발점이 었으며, 더 나은 코칭과 교수 방법을 모색하며 동반성장하는 경험을 보였다. 보육교사들은 ‘교사 협의’ 과정에서 영유아들이 몰입하는 놀이에서 의미를 발견하 고자 놀이를 깊이 관찰, 기록하였으며 이를 기초로 동료교사와 협의하고 코칭하는 과정을 통해 상호 신뢰와 존중을 쌓아갔다. 이는 또한 영유아 존중으로 이어지는 변화의 원동력이 되어, 보육교사들은 영유아들의 주도적 놀이를 인정해주고 구체적으로 지원할 수 있도록 공간과 자료를 새로운 방식으로 제공하며 지원하는 과감한 시도를 하는 교수활동의 실천 변화를 이루었다.

This study examined the antioxidative and lipid accumulation inhibitory effects of 14 plants from Mongolia and Myanmar on 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) of 14 plant extracts were measured, and the antioxidative activities were analyzed using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC. After measuring the pancreatic lipase levels and performing the thiobarbituric acid assay, the degree of lipid accumulation was determined by lipid (Oil Red O) staining and triglyceride assay in 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells. M. paniculate (259.43 mgGAE/g) and C. benghalensis (130.78 mgNAE/g) had the highest TPC and TFC, respectively, among the 14 plants. R. acicularis Lindl. had the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH. The ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC results showed that the antioxidant activity of 11 species was higher than that of the positive control. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect of C. angustifolium Scop. was reduced to 23.65% at 0.1 mg/mL, and the level of lipid peroxidation of C. abrorescens Lam. was 0.63 nmol/mg. Five selected plants inhibited the lipid accumulation and triglyceride content, respectively, in 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells. These results provide scientific evidence for developing functional foods using 14 plants from Mongolia and Myanmar, which have antioxidant activities and lipid accumulation reduction effects.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between bullying, nursing work environment, reality shock and factors of influence on turnover intension. Data were collected from 381 nurses who were under the charge nurse at a hospital with more than 600 beds in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS24.0 program. The mean score for turnover intension was 3.61 ± 0.89. The intension of turnover was correlated with bullying in the workplace (r=0.197, ρ=.001), the nursing work environment (r=-.409, p=.001), and reality shock (r=.572, p=.001). Variables affecting turnover intension were the work department(β=-0.018, ρ=.049), working environment(β=-0.424, ρ<.000), and reality shock(β=0.654, ρ<.000). The total amount of explanation for turnover intension was 37.3%. The degree of turnover intension of nurses was affected by work in general wards, the experience of workplace bullying and the nursing work environment. To reduce turnover intension, nursing work needs to be analyzed and efforts are needed to establish an effective communication system.

The subjects of this study were limited to Silla buddhist temple remains in the 6～8th century, where the excavation survey report was published and the details of the remains of the corridor are revealed. Since the corridor completes the structure of temple and is involved in formation of the space, the building plan for corridors is thought to have an intention linked to the entire temple. Thus, more closer study is required for this construction plan to identify the role of corridors. The corridor is a building that has a low architectural hierarchy and completes the layout and composition of the temple. In the unit planning of the corridor, unit were designed to be of a certain size in the temple layout. Then, the overall scale was made by adding the fixed size of unit. The combination of corridors are the combined points of paths and were used as visual points. The structure of the corridor was constructed to be adjusted according to the size of the main compartment of the building to which it was connected and inserted under the roof of the building. The adjustment of the unit changed in the range of 0.5 to 2 of Silla’s system of measurement. The usage of embedded pillar in the corridor presents a new perspective on Silla architecture.