Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the general nurses's experiences of missing patient identification. Methods: Participants were 12 nurses who experienced missing patient identification in general wards in hospitals. Data were collected with focus group interviews and individual in-depth interviews and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: As the results of this study, 128 statements, 4 themes and 13 sub-themes were derived. The four themes derived were ‘Situations that we had not to check patient identification properly’, ‘Fear and pressure from the result of missing patient identification’, ‘Feeling guilty to the results of missing patient identification’and ‘Efforts to reassuring patient identification’. Conclusion: In order to prevent the failure of patient identification, we need specialized programs to cultivate patient safety culture not only for nurses, also patients and caregivers, and all departments of hospital. We also need institutional efforts and effective hospital investment and supports for accomplishing the goal.

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of wet noodles added with sword bean powder(0, 5, 10, 15%) to determine the most preferred noodle recipe for consumer’s desire. The proximate composition of the sword bean powder was as follows: Moisture contents were 13.4±0.08%, protein 30.2±0.12%, fat 0.3±0.09%, protein 1.0±0.11% and carbohydrates 55.1±0.12%, respectively. Total amino acid content of sword bean powder was measured 23,054.266 mg/ 100 g, especially in the order of histidine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The flavonoid content of sword bean powder was 17.9750 mg%. Water-binding capacity increased as the level of sword bean powder increased. When viscosity of wheat flours containing sword bean powder was measured by amylograph, the gelatinization point increased significantly as the level of sword bean powder increased, but peak viscosity decreased. As the level of sword bean powder increased, L value decreased, whereas a and b values increased. Weight, water absorption and volume of cooked noodles prepared with wheat flours containing sword bean powder decreased, whereas turbidity of soup increased. For textural properties, addition of sword bean powder increased hardness, springiness, chewiness of cooked noodles, whereas adhesiveness decreased. According to sensory evaluation such as appearance, color, flavor, taste, texture, overall preference, it was revealed noodles with 10% sword bean powder was the most preferred. According to the results, the addition of sword bean powder positively affects the overall sensory evaluation of wet noodle, and 10% is the optimal level for addition.

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of semi-dried noodles prepared with different water contents (wet noodles; 32, 24, 22, 20%, dry noodles; 12%). The drying process was carried out in a drying chamber at 13~18oC temperature and 75~95% humidity. The proximate composition of Korean wheat flour was as follows: water 22.1±3.64%, protein 8.6±0.13%, fat 1.3±0.10%, ash 0.7±0.02%, carbohydrates 67.3±0.10%. As water contents decreased, both L and b values significantly decreased before cooking of noodles, whereas L, a, and b values were not significantly different after cooking of noodles. Weight, water absorption, and volume of cooked noodles significantly increased as water content decreased, whereas turbidity of soup was not significantly different. Cutting hardness before cooking of noodles significantly increased as water content decreased. Sections of noodles after cooking by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) showed roughness and fewer round starch particles as water content decreased. For overall preferences according to the sensory evaluation, noodles prepared with different water contents were not significantly different. According to the results, semidried noodles have development potential to complement the disadvantages of both wet noodles and dry noodles.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of roasted peanuts and the antioxidative effect of peanut oil added with sesame oil. Saltiness of roasted peanut increased with increasing salt content. In terms of color value, L and b values decreased as increasing concentration increased, whereas a value increased with increasing salt content. Overall, sensory evaluations proved that roasted peanuts with 15% added salt was preferred over other samples. For peanut oil added with sesame oil, acid values increased during the storage period, whereas samples made with sesame oil had lower values than the control group. Peroxide values increased rapidly for 21 days and then decreased. The acid and peroxide values were lower in peanut oil added with 50% sesame oil compared to peanut oil added with 30%, 10%, and 70% sesame oil, as well as the control. The TBA values of peanut oil made with 50% and 30% sesame oil were lower than those of the control and 70% and 10% sesame oil. According to the Rancimat method, PS-50% (524 min) and PS-30% (453 min) demonstrated longer induction periods as compared to the control (280 min), PS-70% (445 min), and PS-10% (291 min) samples.

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of dried noodles prepared with doenjang powder (0, 3, 6, 9%) in order to determine the most preferred noodle recipe. The proximate composition of the composite doenjang powder-wheat flours was as follows: calories 365 kcal, carbohydrates 79 g, saccharides 3 g, protein 10 g, fat 0.8 g, and sodium 65 mg. As the level of doenjang powder increased, the content of total amino acids increased; aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine, and lysine contents increased, in particular. Water-binding capacity decreased as the level of doenjang powder increased. When viscosity of composite doenjang powder-wheat flours was measured by amylography, gelatinization point increased as the level of doenjang powder increased. As the level of doenjang powder increased, L value decreased, whereas a and b values increased. Weight, water absorption, and volume of cooked noodles decreased, whereas turbidity of soup increased. For textural properties, hardness decreased, whereas springiness increased as the level of doenjang powder increased. For overall preference according to the results of sensory evaluation, noodles added with 3% doenjang powder were the most preferred. According to the results, addition of doenjang powder positively affects the overall sensory evaluation of dried noodle, and 3% is the optimal level for addition.

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of dried noodles prepared with strawberry powder in order to determine the most preferred noodle recipe for children’s school meals. The proximate composition of strawberry powder used was as follows: moisture, 3.39%; crude protein, 1.53%; crude lipid, 0.97%; crude ash, 0.82%; and carbohydrates, 93.29%. When viscosity of the composite strawberry powder-wheat flours was measured by amylograph. Gelatinization point, maximum viscosity, viscosity at 95oC and viscosity at 95oC after 15 min decreased as the level of strawberry powder increased. As the level of strawberry powder increased, both L and b color values decreased, whereas a value increased. Weight, water absorption and volume of cooked noodles decreased, whereas turbidity of soup increased. For textural properties, addition of strawberry powder to cooked noodles reduced hardness, chewiness and brittleness. Overall preference according to the results of the sensory evaluation, noodles added with 6% strawberry powder were the most preferred. According to the results, the addition of strawberry powder can positively affect the overall sensory evaluation of dried noodles, and 6% is the optimal level for addition.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Hericium erinaceum Powder (HEP) on the quality characteristics of Jook. The proximate composition of HEP was as follows: moisture, 6.10%; crude protein, 32.69%; crude lipid, 4.63%; crude ash, 11.40%; and carbohydrates, 45.18%. Each sample contained 3, 6, and 9% Jook of Hericium erinaceum Powder (JHEP) compared to the control and their physicochemical properties assessed. As the level of HEP increased, there was a significant decrease in pH (p<0.05) and significant increase in total acidity (p<0.001). In addition, L and a values decreased, whereas b value increased with increasing addition of HEP. The Jook showed lower spreadability and higher viscosity values as its content increased. According to the results, addition of HEP positively affects the quality characteristics of Jook.

This study was conducted to promote the utilization of fish paste containing four different amounts (0%: control, 2, 4, and 6%) of cheonggukjang powder. For Hunter color values, L values of samples decreased as concentration of cheonggukjang powder increased, and a and b values increased. Folding tests for all samples showed good flexibility. In the texture meter test, hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness increased according to increasing concentrations of cheonggukjang powder. However, gumminess and brittleness of fish paste were reduced upon addition of cheonggukjang powder. In the sensory evaluation, fish paste prepared with 2% cheonggukjang powder was more preferred over other fish pastes. This study suggests that addition of 2% cheonggukjang powder to fish paste could be a good way to increase cheonggukjang powder without decreasing texture acceptability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Curcuma aromatica powder on the functional and sensory characteristics of Mandupi. Various Mandupi samples were prepared with wheat flour along with addition of various amounts of Curcuma aromatica powder, after which instrumental characteristics and sensory evaluations were investigated. According to the amylograph data, the composite Curcuma aromatica powder-wheat flour samples showed increased gelatinization temperatures with increasing Curcuma aromatica powder content, whereas initial viscosity at 95oC, viscosity at 95oC after 15 minutes, and maximum viscosity were reduced. In terms of Hunter’s color values, L value decreased while a and b values increased with increasing Curcuma aromatica powder content. Besides cooked weight, cooked volume and turbidity of Mandupi increased as the addition level of Curcuma aromatica powder increased. In terms of textural characteristics, addition of Curcuma aromatica powder increased springiness, chewiness, and brittleness, whereas springiness and adhesiveness decreased. Based on sensory evaluations, the overall preference of Mandupi with 3% added Curcuma aromatica powder was higher than that of control.

This study investigated the quality of noodles containing different amounts of Ligularia fischeri powder (LFP). Noodles were prepared at ratios of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% LFP based on flour weight. Cooking quality, mechanical texture properties, and viscosity were measured, and a sensory evaluation was performed with the prepared noodles. Gelatinization points of the composite LFP-wheat flours increased. As measured via amylography, viscosity at 95oC, viscosity at 95oC after 15 minutes, and maximum viscosity values of samples decreased, as the LFP content increased. As increasing amounts of LFP were added, the L, a, and b values decreased while color values, weight, and volume of cooked noodles increased, as did the turbidity of the soup. With regard to textural characteristics, LFP additive increased hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness, while decreasing adhesiveness. Sensory evaluation showed that high quality cooked noodles could be produced by inclusion of 3% LFP.

The quality characteristics of tofu added Ligularia fischeri powder (LFP) were investigated. The proximate composition of LFP used was as follows: moisture, 7.7%; crude protein, 12.0%; crude lipid, 5.9%; crude ash, 14.1%; and carbohydrate, 60.3%. The yield of tofu added LFP increased with the addition of LFP. However, there was a significant decrease in pH (from 6.03±0.11 in the control to 5.78±0.11 when 0.4% LFP was added) and a significant increase (from 2.60±0.01 in the control to 2.85±0.10 when 0.4% LFP was added) in total acidity. In addition, the L, a, and b values of tofu decreased with the increasing addition of LFP. In terms of textural properties, the hardness, cohesiveness, and brittleness increased, whereas springiness decreased, with the increasing addition of LFP. In the sensory evaluation, the overall preference for tofu added 0.3% LFP was the highest. According to the results, the addition of LFP positively affects the overall sensory evaluation of tofu, and 0.3% is the optimal level for addition.

This study investigated the quality of noodles containing different amounts of Lagocephalus lunaris powder (LLP). Noodles were prepared at ratios of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7% LLP based on flour weight, after which cooking quality, mechanical texture properties, and viscosity were measured, and a sensory evaluation was performed. The gelatinization points of the composite LLP-wheat flours were shown to increase. Additionally, measurement of the viscosity at 95, viscosity at 95 after 15 minutes, and the maximum viscosity values decreased, as the LLP content increased. As increasing amounts of LLP were added, the L and a values decreased, whereas the b value increased and the color values, weight, and volume of cooked noodle increased, as did the turbidity of the soup. Finally the LLP additive increased hardness and decreased adhesiveness, cohesiveness and springiness. Sensory evaluation showed that high quality cooked noodle could be produced by inclusion of 5% LLP.

We investigated the quality characteristics and volatile flavor components in yenipsambab prepared with various concentrations of lotus leaf powder. Hunter's color L and a values of yenipsambab decreased with increasing content of lotus leaf powder, whereas b value increased. Moreover, addition of lotus leaf powder resulted in increased hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness, and brittleness compared to control. Major volatile compounds of yenipsambab were ethyl benzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-dimethylbenzene, and 5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran-2-one.

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate quality characteristics of dried noodles when different concentrations of lotus leaf powder (LLP) were added to the wheat flour, thereby determining which noodle recipe was preferred. The cooking quality, mechanical texture properties, and viscosity were measured, and then a sensory evaluation was conducted with the prepared noodles. The gelatinization points of the composite LLP-wheat flours were shown to have an increased, viscosity at 95oC after 15 minutes. As measured via amylograph, the maximum viscosity values of those samples were decreased as the LLP content was increased. As well, when increased amounts of LLP were added, both the L and a values were reduced, whereas the b value was increased. The color values, weight and volume of the cooked noodle increased, as did the turbidity of the soup. With regard to the textural characteristics, the LLP additive increased hardness and cohesiveness, and reduced adhesiveness and springiness. Overall, according to the results of our sensory evaluation, the noodles prepared with 5% LLP were preferred over the other noodles.

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of tofu prepared with different concentrations of lotus leaf powder. The determined values for moisture, crude ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, and crude lipid in were 2.97%, 8.09%, 65.18%, 22.83%, and 0.93%, respectively. The yield rates of the tofu samples did not differ significantly according to the level of added lotus leaf powder; however, there was a significant decrease in pH and a significant increase in acidity. The L- and a-values of samples decreased as the amount of lotus leaf powder in the formulation increased, whereas the b value increased. Furthermore, hardness significantly increased as the level of lotus leaf powder increased. In terms of overall acceptability, the preferred tofu samples were the control and that containing 0.2% lotus leaf powder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shrimp flour on quality characteristics of dumpling shell. Dumpling shell samples were prepared with wheat flour along with the addition of different amount of shrimp flour, followed by functional measurements and sensory evaluations. According to amylograph data, the composite shrimp flour/wheat flour samples had increased gelatinization temperature with increasing shrimp flour content, while initial viscosity at 95℃, viscosity at 95℃ after 15 minutes, and maximum viscosity were reduced. In terms of color values, L value decreased, but a and b values increased with increasing shrimp flour content. Furthermore, the addition of shrimp flour increased hardness and decreased chewiness in all samples. Overall, sensory evaluations proved that dumpling shell with 10% added shrimp flour was preferred over the other samples.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effect and quality characteristics of cookies made with Sea tangle powder(STP). The cookies were at 30℃ for 45 days. The 3% STP had higher pH value compared to the other groups and control. As more STP was added, the L-value and b-value decreased, and the a-value increased for the color values. The results of sensory evaluation and acceptance test showed that the cookies with 3% STP was significantly more preferable in overall acceptability than the others. The acid value, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid value were lower in cookies with 3% and 6% STP than in those cookies made 9% STP and the control cookies.

동치미의 저장성을 향상시키기 위하여 청각채를 첨가하여 발효숙성 시켰을 때 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 발효숙성이 진행됨에 따라 pH는 모든 군에서 점차로 낮아졌고, 총산함량은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데, 대조군 보다 청각채 첨가군의 경우 전반적으로 높았으며 청각채 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH는 낮게, 총산함량은 많은 것으로 나타났다. 산화 환원 전위는 전체적으로 대조군에서 전위값의 변화가 적었으며, 김치 숙성의 최적기인 25~40일 사이에 Eh7값이 -136.35~-185.12mV로서 가장 혐기적인 상태를 나타내었다. 환원당은 발효가 진행될수록 청각채 첨가군에서 가장 많이 증가하였고, 총 비타민 C함량은 청각채 첨가군이 대 조군에 비하여 높았으며, 청각채 첨가량이 많을수록 높게 나타났다. 명도는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차 감소하여 청각채 첨가군이 가장 완만히 감소하였으며, 적색도는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차로 증가하였다가 30일 이후부터 다시 감소하였고, 황색도는 적색도와 비슷한 경향으로 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하였다. 경도는 발효숙성 20일까지 모든 시료에서 증가되었으며, 그 이후에는 감소하는 경향이었고, 탁도의 경우는 발효기간 동안 전반적으로 증가하였으며, 특히 대조군이 가장 높았고, 청각채 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 가용성 펙틴의 함량은 동치미 담금 직후에는 산가용성, 열수가용성, 염가용성 펙틴의 순으로 그 함량이 많게 나타났는데, 발효 20일 이후부터는 이들 가용성 펙틴의 구성비가 산가용성, 염가용성, 열수가용성 펙틴의 순으로 바뀌어 나타났다. 또한 발효숙성 기간이 경과함에 따라 열수 가용성 펙틴 함량은 감소하였고, 저 methoxyl기를 가진 염가용성 펙틴과 protopectin인 산가용성 펙틴 함량은 증가하였다.