내시경역행담췌관조영술에 사용하는 십이지장경은 겸자 올림장치와 복잡한 내부 채널 구조를 가지고 있어 일반적인 위장관 내시경과 구조적 차이를 보인다. 이러한 특징으로 인해 환자의 체액이나 유기물에 의한 오염 가능성이 높아 감염 전파 위험이 증가할 수 있다. 일반적인 내시경 소독 지침은 여러 차례 개정되었으나, 국내에서는 십이지장경 재처리에 특화된 별도의 가이드라인이 없어 감염 관리에 공백이 발생할 수 있다. 이에 대한췌장담도학회 자격질관리위원회 산하 ERCP/EUS 연구회에서는 십이지장경에 특화된 전세척, 세척, 소독, 헹굼, 건조 및 보관에 대한 세부적인 재처리 지침을 개발하였다. 본 지침은 임상 진료 현장에서 십이지장경 재처리 절차를 표준화함으로써 감염 전파 위험을 최소화하고 환자 안전을 향상시키며, 지속적인 질 관리를 촉진하는 데 목적이 있다.

Accurate estimation of vehicle exhaust emissions at urban intersections is essential to assess environmental impacts and support sustainable traffic management. Traditional emission models often rely on aggregated traffic volumes or measures of average speed that fail to capture the dynamic behaviors of vehicles such as acceleration, deceleration, and idling. This study presents a methodology that leverages video data from smart intersections to estimate vehicle emissions at microscale and in real time. Using a CenterNet-based object detection and tracking framework, vehicle trajectories, speeds, and classifications were extracted with high precision. A structured preprocessing pipeline was applied to correct noise, missing frames, and classification inconsistencies to ensure reliable time-series inputs. Subsequently, a lightweight emission model integrating vehicle-specific coefficients was employed to estimate major pollutants including CO and NOx at a framelevel resolution. The proposed algorithm was validated using real-world video data from a smart intersection in Hwaseong, Korea, and the results indicated significant improvements in accuracy compared to conventional approaches based on average speed. In particular, the model reflected variations in emissions effectively under congested conditions and thus captured the elevated impact of frequent stopand- go patterns. Beyond technical performance, these results demonstrate that traffic video data, which have traditionally been limited to flow monitoring and safety analysis, can be extended to practical environmental evaluation. The proposed algorithm offers a scalable and cost-effective tool for urban air quality management, which enables policymakers and practitioners to link traffic operations with emission outcomes in a quantifiable manner.

In this study, we propose a data-driven analytical framework for systematically analyzing the driving patterns of autonomous buses and quantitatively identifying risky driving behaviors at the road-segment level using operational data from real roads. The analysis was based on Basic Safety Message (BSM) data collected over 125 days from two Panta-G autonomous buses operating in the Pangyo Autonomous Driving Testbed. Key driving indicators included speed, acceleration, yaw rate, and elevation, which were mapped onto high-definition (HD) road maps. A hybrid clustering method combining self-organizing map (SOM) and k-means++ was applied, which resulted in eight distinct driving pattern clusters. Among these, four clusters exhibited characteristics associated with risky driving such as sudden acceleration, deceleration, and abrupt steering, and were spatially visualized using digital maps. These visualizations offer practical insights for real-time monitoring and localized risk assessment in autonomous vehicle operations. The proposed framework provides empirical evidence for evaluating the operational safety and reliability of autonomous buses based on repeated behavioral patterns. Its adaptability to diverse urban environments highlights its utility for intelligent traffic control systems and future mobility policy planning.

This study was conducted to analyze odor regulation policies of major countries and explore development directions for Korea’s odor management system through international comparison. Korea has achieved significant progress in odor management over the past 20 years since the enactment of the Odor Prevention Act in 2004, including the establishment of real-time monitoring systems, integrated complaint management systems, and scientific management infrastructure in major odor management areas such as Sihwa-Banwol Industrial Complex and metropolitan landfills in Incheon and Daejeon. To identify potential development directions, a literature review and comparative analysis were conducted on four regions: the United States, the European Union, Japan, and Singapore. The analysis revealed that each region has developed unique approaches: Japan’s Odor Judge system (involving 3,352 active professionals) for measurement standardization; the United States’s citizen science-based monitoring systems, such as the Odor Explore project that utilizes community participation; the EU’s preventive management policies through the application of Best Available Techniques (BAT) and land use planning integration; and Singapore’s systematic management approach through its myENV app and urban planning integration. Based on Korea’s existing achievements and international experiences, this study identified eight development areas, including measurement system standardization, management scope expansion, integrated management system enhancement, real-time monitoring implementation, technology development investment, complaint resolution mechanism improvement, preventive management system enhancement, and information transparency enhancement. This study proposes development directions that build upon Korea’s current infrastructure and policy achievements, considering the country’s unique socio-economic conditions and environmental characteristics. These directions are expected to contribute to the continuous advancement of Korea’s odor management system while leveraging existing strengths and addressing future challenges.

In this study, we analyzed the contents of different bioactive compounds, including those with antioxidant activity, in selected mushroom species. Analysis of DPPH radical-scavenging activity revealed that Agaricus bisporus(‘A15’) had the highest antioxidant efficacy at 33.1 μg/mL, followed by Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus, for which we also recorded high values. The results of nitrite-scavenging activity analysis revealed L. edodesto have the highest value at 15.8 μg/mL, with A. bisporus, P. ostreatus, and Wolfiporia extensaalso showing relatively good results. Furthermore, our analysis of total polyphenol contents indicated that A. bisporus had the highest content at 13.7 μg/mL, with L. edodesand Flammulina filiformis similarly having high levels, whereas W. extensa was established to contain the highest levels of β-glucan at 32.6 μg/mL, followed by L, edodes and P; ostreatus, which were also found to have significantly high values. These findings indicate that the antioxidant and nitrite-scavenging capacities and polyphenol and β-glucan contents differ according to fungal species. Among the evaluated species, given its high contents of a range of bioactive compounds, A. bisporus was assessed to be a suitable candidate for functional food development, Our findings in this study will provide essential basic data for the development of functional foods using edible mushroom species.

This study analyzed the structural performance of a microalgae-based lightweight ecological integration system for large-span structures to achieve carbon neutrality. To address the load problems of existing soil-based ecological systems, a lightweight system utilizing microalgae bioreactors was proposed, and structural performance was evaluated for four types of large-span structures: truss, arch, dome, and cable structures. Structural analysis results through finite element analysis showed that the proposed system achieved a 70% load reduction effect compared to existing systems, with structural performance improvements including 35-40% reduction in maximum deflection, 30-35% reduction in maximum stress, and 25-30% increase in natural frequency. Environmental performance analysis confirmed CO₂absorption capacity of 12-18 kg per m² annually and PM2.5 reduction effects of 15-25%. Economic analysis results indicated that benefits of 3.95-6.7 million KRW per year are generated for a 1,000 m²reference area, creating cumulative benefits of 179.75-227.5 million KRW over 25 years. Verification through the German BIQ House case confirmed CO₂reduction performance of 6 tons per year for 200 m², demonstrating the practical applicability of the system. This study presented the potential of an innovative ecological integration system that can ensure structural safety of large-span structures while simultaneously contributing to carbon neutrality.