This study was performed to develop a therapeutic diet against aging and obesity, using Yangha(Zingiber mioga R.). Before development of a therapeutic diet, we performed cell viability assay, analysis of general composition, macrominerals and antioxidantive activities of Yangha. Based on the findings from analyzing the results, mook using Yangha powder(0～ 20%) was processed, and tested for quality characteristics such as color values, sensory evaluation and mechanical properties. The result of cell viability assay of myoga, using liver cells, revealed that within the concentration range from 500 ㎍/㎖ to 10, 000 ㎍/㎖, cell survivability increased in line with the concentration rate. Therefore, it will not be harmful to consume it as food. Regarding the normal substance of myoga, the water substance of myoga was 94%, which exceeds that of ginger and tumeric with 89% and 83%, respectively. As for crude protein, fat, carbon hydrates and ash, myoga contained less than the other two, which I think is due to the high water substance. Regarding the minerals, potassium had the highest contents among macrominerals of 234.74 ㎎%. As for the antioxidant test, hydroxy radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity were shown. As for the production of Yangha mook(Yangha powder levels were 0～ 20%) for quality characteristics, the more of the powder, the less the L, but the greater the a and b values. Also, for the material property, an increased amount of the powder, resulted in chewiness and springiness, but less gumminess in a correlated manner. However, there were no significant differences in the springiness and cohesiveness in relation to the powder. For the sensory test, jelly type ZM5 with 5% powder showed highest overall preference. According to the sensory test, based on the powder substance, the jelly with 5% powder showed the highest overall score, including preference.

This study was conducted for the understanding of zooplankton community structure and energy flow in Yongsan River estuary through the analysis on the seasonal community structure and the measurements of growth rates of dominant copepod Paracalanus parvus s. l.. Field survey was carried out at 7 stations near Yongsan River estuary in May, July, September, and November 2008. Meso-zooplankton communities were composed of 22 taxa in this study period. The spatial variations of species compositions showed a relatively identical distribution regardless of season. This distribution pattern was resulted from the weak effects of the spatial salinity variations that is known to be an important factor for the determination of spatial zooplankton distribution in estuary. The zooplankton communities in this study waters could be generally characterized by the typical coastal-estuarine community structure that was comprised with a few dominant species and abundant density. The mass occurrence of Noctiluca scintillans in May suggested that the environmental situation was unstable due to the geological features and active anthropogenic impacts in Yongsan River estuary. The seasonal average growth rates of dominant copepod Paracalanus parvus s. l. showed a narrow range from 0.12 to 0.15 day−1. However, The spatial variations of growth rates showed that the growth rates near Yongsan River estuary barrage were continuously higher than those at outer stations throughout the year. This results suggested that the growth of copepod was a food-dependent in Yongsan River estuary.

온실가루이와 담배가루이는 온실재배 조건에서 토마토에 커다란 피해를 끼치는 해충으로 가루이 관리를 위해 점착트랩의 직접적인 방제 가능성을 알아보기 위해 시험을 실시하였다. 색깔에 대한 담배가루이와 온실가루이의 유인효과를 확인하였는데 두 종 모두 대부분의 성충이 백색, 청색보다 황색 트랩에 포획되었다. 담배가루이와 온실가루이 성충이 황색점착트랩에 포획된 수와 유의차 없이 천적인 담배가루이좀벌과 온실가루이좀벌 성충 또한 트랩에 포획되었다. 콤비락 안에서 토마토 높이별로 점착트랩을 설치하였을 때 담배가루이가 포획된 마리수는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만 온실가루이는 상부에 설치한 트랩에 37.4마리가 포획되어 하부 6.8마리보다 많았다. 토마토 재배 온실에서 가루이 성충은 하단에 설치한 트랩보다 상단에 설치한 트랩에 많이 포획되었다. 온실가루이의 경우 크기가 작은 기주조건에서 트랩에 더 유인되는 경향을 보여주었다. 트레이육묘상에서 황색점착트랩을 설치한 결과 담배가루이와 온실가루이 모두 80% 이상의 높은 방제효과를 보였다. 점착트랩의 가루이 방제효과를 포장에서 검정하기 위해서 방제용 황색점착트랩을 설치한 온실에서 트랩당 일일 포회수가 0.96마리로 무처리온실 3.11에 비해 낮게 나타났고, 방제용 트랩을 제거한 뒤 5일 동안에도 처리구의 가루이 성충 밀도는 트랩당 1.39마리로 무처리 3.34마리보다 낮게 유지되어 실질적으로 가루이 밀도 억제효과가 확인되었다. 토마토 트랩을 설치하고 천적을 사용하여 그 혼합효과를 보았는데, 천적과 점착트랩 처리포장에서 성충의 밀도는 최종 트랩당 14.64마리로 나타났고 천적만 사용한 포장은 21.64마리로 나타났다.

생물다양성은 국제적 규범이자 국제 쟁점이다. 1994년 우리나라도 비준한 생물다양성협약(CBD, Convention of Biological Diversity) 뿐만 아니라 식량농업식물유전자원국제조약(ITPGRFA, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture), FAO 지구행동계획(Global Plan of Action) 등 다양한 국제 규범과 정책이 생물다양성의 현지 외(Ex situ), 현지 내(In situ) 및 농장에서의(On Farm) 보존에 대해 강조하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 대부분의 농경지에서 생물다양성에 대한 구체적인 보존 정책과 기술이 제시되지 못하고, 종자의 상업적 활용에 국제 쟁점이 치우친 나머지 현지 외, 즉 유전자원센터에서 종자의 보관 등에만 공공 연구 자원의 대부분이 사용되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 2011년 유기농경지와 관행농경지의 논, 밭, 사과 과수원에서 절지동물 및 수서생물 다양성 비교 연구를 수행하면서 확보된 생물 종 인벤토리 자료와 경험을 바탕으로 농경지에서 현지내 생물다양성 보존을 위한 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 거의 대부분의 비교 사례에서 유기농경지가 관행농경지보다 높은 생물다양성을 보였으나, 잘못 관리된 유기농경지에서는 관행보다 절지동물의 발생 종수가 적은 경우도 발견되었다. 따라서 유기농경지에서 생물다양성을 보존하기 위해서는 체계적인 경관관리와 식생관리가 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 이와 더불어 곤충 등 식물 종자 이외의 생물자원에 대해서는 현지 외 유전자원 보존 및 관리 체계의 정비도 시급히 해결해야 할 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 현지 내 절지동물 등의 생물다양성 보존을 위하여 유기농경지 활용 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

The removal amount of pesticide residue which were remained in baechu (Chinese cabbage) and perilla leaf were measured during the preparation process of kimchi. The amounts of diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan applied to chinese cabbage were 9.18 ± 0.03 mg/kg, 22.27 ± 0.22 mg/kg and 10.46 ± 0.02 mg/kg respectively. When chinese cabbage was brined with 10% salt solution for 12 hours, the removal rates of three pesticides were 22.5%, 25.3% and 0.6% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. When chinese cabbage was brined and rinsed 3 times with water, the removal rates of three pesticides were 69.9%, 85.6% and 11.2% for diazinon,procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. When kimchi was prepared and fermented for 28 days at 4oC, the removal rates of three pesticides were 79.4%, 94.4% and 21.0% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. The relative percentages of removal dose of pesticides during brining were 28.4%, 26.9% and 3.2% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively and which were 59.7%, 63.8% and 50.4% during rinsing and which were 11.9%,9.3% and 46.4% during fermentation, respectively. The amounts of diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan applied to perilla leaf were 18.11 ± 0.62 mg/kg, 31.80 ± 0.33 mg/kg and 12.01 ± 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. When perilla leaf was rinsed 3 times with water, the removal rates of three pesticides were 60.5%, 52.0% and 23.7% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. When perilla leaf was rinsed and brined with 10% salt solution for 14 days, the removal rates of three pesticides were 93.9%, 92.4% and 49.6% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. The relative percentages of removal dose of pesticides during rinsing were 64.5%, 56.3% and 47.8% for diazinon,procymidone and endosulfan, respectively, and which during brining were 35.5%, 43.7% and 52.2% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively.

Korea had experienced second epidemic highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), and there were the seven affected farms, including two breeder duck farms, from 22nd November 2006 to 6th March 2007. Here, we reported the clinico-pathological characteristics of domestic breeder ducks farms naturally infected with HPAI virus (H5N1). Clinically, the most ducks showed various signs from depression, decreased egg production and feed consumption to even, death. The most commonly gross changes were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage on the liver surface, a white stripe on the cardiac muscle, and severely hemorrhagic and deformed eggs. The most significant histopathological changes were necrosis of various cells such as neuron, lymphocytes, cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, blood vessels and pancreatic acinar epithelium. The viral antigen was mainly detected in the endothelium of blood vessels of various organs and tissues, peripheral nerves and neuronal cells. Based on the above results, we identified that HPAI H5N1 induced systemic infection in the adult breeder ducks.

엘니뇨/라니냐의 강도 변화에 따른 한반도의 풍력자원 변동성을 확인하기 위하여 20년간 장기 지상관측자료를 바탕으로 해석적인 분석을 실시하였다. 장기적으로 유라시아 대륙의 풍속 약화경향에도 불구하고 한반도는 최근 10년간 풍속 증가가 약하게 나타났다. 그리고 엘니뇨와 라니냐에 따른 한반도 풍속은 계절적으로 다양한 형태를 나타낸다. 지역적으로 음의 해수면 온도 아노말리를 나타내는 라니냐가 발생하면 한반도내 지상풍속이 빨라지는 경향을 가진다. 그리고 기후변화에 대한 풍속은 중규모의 강제력이 가장 미약한 산악지역에서 가장 민감하게 나타난다.

Abnormal prions are infectious agents involved in a neuro-degenerative disease, which occurs naturally such as Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in deer and elk, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, Scrapie in sheep and goats and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) in humans. The cellular prion protein of the elk consists of 233 amino acids (residues 25-257), which represents an autonomous folding unit with three α-helices and two-stranded anti-parallel β-sheets. Here, we demonstrated elk-recPrP (Elk recombinant prion protein) which can be obtained as follows; (1) Cloning of elk PrP gene, (2) Expression of a histidine-tagged full-length elk PrP by induction with IPTG in E. coli and (3) Purification by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA agarose resin. In Western blot and ELISA analysis, elk-recPrP showed specific activity against anti-PrP monoclonal antibody. Thus, our elk-recPrP would be a useful tool for the understanding of basic structure and mechanism studies of PrPSC formation.

해양생태 독성시험법의 중요성이 인식되면서 새로운 시험법의 개발과 더불어 유용수산생물을 이용하고자 하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있으나, 대부분의 시험법은 유해물질에 대한 급성독성을 평가하고 있다. 해양생태계 내에서 오랫동안 아치사 농도로써 생물에게 영향을 미치는 유해물질을 평가하기 위한, 만성독성 평가기법은 그 수가 대단히 한정되어 있다. 유용수산생물 자원인 미역(U ndar ia pinnatifida )은 생산자로서 해양생태계 내에서 중요한 위 치를 차지하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 유주자 방출, 발아, 수정 및 아포체 성장의 초기생활사 동안 실내배양이 가능하다. 실내 배양기간 동안 아포체 성장을 이용한 만성적 독성영향을 파악할 수 있어, 향후 해양생태 독성시험과 환경변화 등에 의해 발생하는 갯녹음 원인 구명에도 적절하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 성숙한 U . pinnatifida의 포자 엽으로부터 방출된 유주자를 6개 중금속(Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As)에 노출시켜 21일간 배양한 후에 아포체 성장률을 측정하였고, 이들 결과를 바탕으로 무영향농도(NOEC), 최소영향농도(LOEC)를 나타내는 독성평가를 실시하였다. 중 금속에 노출된 U . pinnatifida의 아포체 성장률은 중금속 농도가 증가할수록 급격히 감소하는 농도 의존성을 나타냈 다. 중금속이 아포체 성장에 미치는 영향의 정도를 살펴보면, 대부분이 0.1ppb 미만의 낮은 농도에서 NOEC가 관찰 되었고 LOEC의 경우도 Cd, Cu 및 Pb는 0.1ppb에서, Zn, Cr 및 As는 1ppb 정도의 매우 낮은 농도를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Domestic bitches are non-seasonally monoestrus; spontaneously ovulate only once or twice occurs at anytime of the year. Estrus induction has been applied infrequent estrus, misleading ovulation, mating difficulties, failure to conceive after normal mating, pregnancy failure and biological research. Protocol of estrus induction which included variable hormones such as FSH, GnRH, and PMSG have been applied for the last decades. Recently, Bromocriptine, one of anti-prolatin/dopamine agonist has been occasionally applied for estrus induction. The study was carried out to investigate the effective method for the induction of estrus in bitches using different hormone treatments, and the initiation time of estrus from hormone treatment by assessments of cytological observation and blood plasma progesterone concentration. A total of 54 bitches on anestrus were selected for the study and divided randomly into 8 treatment groups as follow. Control, natural estrus; FSH (L), FSH (1.5 mg/kg, twice a day, , Vetrepharm); FSH (H), FSH (3.0 mg/kg, twice a day); GnRH+FSH, GnRH (5 ug/kg, once first day, , Dongbang)+FSH (3 mg/kg, SID); PMSG, PMSG (50 IU/kg, every third day , Intevet); GnRH+PMSG, GnRH (5 ug/kg, only first day)+PMSG (50 IU/kg, every third day); GnRH, GnRH (5 ug/kg, only first day); Bromocriptine, bromocriptine (0.3 mg/kg, SID, , Novartis). The bitches were evaluated clinical sign, cytological exam and Premate for assessment of estrus induction. Estrus induction rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher in GnRH+PMSG (100%) compared to others. PMSG and GnRH+PMGS (87.5 and 100%) and Bromocriptine (77.8%) were higher than others except GnRH+PMSG. Analysis of vaginal smear has proved to be effective a correct assessment of estrus induction with assay of progesterone concentration by Premate. Proestrus initiated by the after induction in most case. In conclusion, bromocriptine is an effective drug for estrus induction in bitches and assay of progesterone concentration by Premate with examination of vaginal smear that should be useful to detection of estrus induction of estrus induced bitches.

At the end of April, 2009, the number of mobile phone users reached about 46 million in Korea. Consequently, the mobile shopping market is growing rapidly, and fashion products are one of the most concerned categories in mobile shopping market. In the meantime, the growth rates of domestic fashion industry and fashion retail market are forecasted very slow. In this situation, however, the growth rate of on-line shopping market including internet shopping, TV home shopping, and mobile shopping is estimated more than 12% per year until 2010. Particularly, mobile shopping area is forecasted the most rapid growing field. The objective of this study were to confirm the factors which had influences on mobile fashion shopping and to examine the effects of these factors affect the attitude toward mobile fashion shopping and the using intention of mobile fashion shopping. With the results, marketing strategies for mobile fashion shopping companies would be proposed. Date were gathered from 125 respondents of 20's and 30's females and were analyzed by AMOS 7.0. The key points of the results are; 1) The 5 factors of instant access, individualization, amusement, usefulness and ease of use which extracted from preceding researches were confirmed as the characteristics of mobile fashion shopping, 2) among these factors, amusement and usefulness had positive influences on the attitude toward mobile fashion shopping, 3) reliability on mobile fashion shopping didn't had an influence on the attitude toward mobile fashion shopping significantly, but had a positive influence on the using intention of mobile fashion shopping directly, and 4) the attitude toward mobile fashion shopping affects using intention of mobile fashion shopping positively. With these results, mobile fashion shopping companies can establish marketing strategies from various angles.

The surface of magnetite () nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation method was modified by carboxylic acid group of poly(3-thiophenacetic acid (3TA)) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Then the lysozyme protein was immobilized on the carboxylic acid group of the modification of the magnetite nanoparticles. The magnetite nanoparticles are spherical and the particle size is approximately 10 nm. We measured quantitative dispersion state by dispersion stability analyzer for each nanoparticles with and without surface modification. The concentration of lysozyme on the modified magnetite nanoparticles was also investigated by a UV-Vis spectrometer and compared to that of magnetite nanoparticles without surface modification. The functionalized magnetite particles had higher enzymatic capacity and dispersion stability than non-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of snack intake and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) among 284 children aged 4~7 years. The degree of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) were assessed by both children's mother and their teachers using Behavior check list. The subjects who had a higher ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) score ate more pizza, hamburger, chicken, processed milk, carbonated beverage. These results indicate ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) were related positively for snack(pizza, hamburger, chicken, processed milk, carbonated beverage etc.) intake.