Background : Cynanchum wilfordi is a typical myocardial medicinal crop. Because it penetrates more than 1m, it requires a lot of labor and harvesting costs. In addition, we needed 4 - 5 times of weeding until July, and in the soil with poor drainage, root rot disease occurs and yield is greatly reduced. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop new cultivation technology that can minimize the effort cost and increase the yield. Methods and Results : As a test material, container standards were used plume tube of diameter 30 ㎝ × height 50 ㎝, 80 ㎝, 100 ㎝. The culture soil manufactured by mixing cokofit 60%, peatmoss 10%, pearlite 6%, vermiculite 10%, zeolite 5%, and charcoal 5%. The compost was made by mixing fowl droppings 45% and cattle manure 5%. The mixing ratio of the culture soil and the compost was 100 : 0, 90 : 10, 80 : 20, 70 : 30, respectively, and the mixture was filled in the container. Cynanchum wilfordi seedling sow raising seedlings during one month seeds become dormancy breaking. Culture soil and container of Cynanchum wilfordi was effective 87% increase (384 ㎏/10 a → 720) in quantity contrast conventional culture in height 50 ㎝ container + culture soil 100 : 0. 80 and 100 ㎝ containers were found to be unsuitable for production throughout the year because of thin thickness of subterranean part and low commercial yield due to the long time required for roots to reach the hardpan layer. The yields of compost mixture decreased from 0% (720 ㎏/10 a) > 10% (642) > 20% (560) > 30% (475) in 50 ㎝ containers. When the compost content was more than 20%, the yield decreased due to physiological damage during the early growth. Conclusion : The culture soil and container cultivate for harvesting ease of Cynanchum wilfordi was effective saving more than 15 times more than the harvest time contrast manpower harvest and the yield was increased by 87%. Also, container cultivation was effective the cost cutting of installation dismantlement and redres since no need to move the cultivation area.

Background : This research was conducted to investigate the effect of organic compost treatment on growth and yield of organically grown ginseng seedlings(Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) in growing medium. Methods and Results : The test cultivars was used a native species of Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer that most commonly cultivated in Korea. By seeding interval(3×3cm), seeds of Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer were sowed on March 29, 2016 . Bed size was 85 (W) × 1800 (L) × 30 (H) cm and shading material of plastic house was used blue-white vinyl. Growing medium composition(V/V) were mixed in a ratio of peat moss 60%, perlite 30%, vermiculite 10%. The mixing ratio of Organic compost was livestock manure compost (2%, V/V), mixed oil cake(2%, V/V), poultry manure compost (2%, V/V) and was applied to growing medium basal application. The emergence rate of ginseng seedling was contorl 95.7%, livestock manure compost 97.0%, press cake 92.3%, poultry manure compost 94.2%. Shoot growth characteristics of ginseng seedlings did not show a significant difference in plant height, stem length, stem diameter but shoot fresh weight was higher tendency in livestock manure compost(0.34 g/plant) in comparison to control(0.26 g/plant), mixed oil cake(0.29 g/plant), poultry manure compost(0.27 g/plant). Similarly, root fresh weight was higher tendency in livestock manure compost(0.52 g/plant) in comparison to control(0.33 g/plant), mixed oil cake(0.47 g/plant), poultry manure compost(0.43 g/plant). Root length was in control 10.2cm, livestock manure compost 11.8cm, mixed oil cake 8.9cm, poultry manure compost 8.6cm. As mentioned above, the reason that root length is shorter in mixed oil cake, poultry manure compost is thought to be due to the influence of gas injury. Conclusion : Growth characteristics of ginseng seedling showed a good growth trend in the organic compost treatment groups , especially livestock manure treatment root fresh weight increased 57% compared to control group. However, early defoliation phenomenon occured at mixed oil cake, poultry manure compost in late June. This is thought to have occurred by the disturbance of gas such as ammonia gas, nitrous acid gas. Therefore, if you use mixed oil cake, poultry manure compost to cultivate ginseng seedling, it is expected to pay attention to the damage caused by the gas disturbance.

Background : For increasing saponin content of ginseng cultivated in shaded plastic house, this research was performed to investigate growth characteristics and saponin content of ginseng according to foliar spray of chitosan and water-soluble silicates processing. Methods and Results : The ginseng cultivars to be used this research were Cheonpung, Yeonpung and 1-year-old seedlings of Cheonpung, Yeonpung was transplanted on March 24, 2015. Planting density was 72 plant/3.3㎡and Shading material of plastic house used blue-white shading vinyl. The processing method of organic matter is as follows, we were applied chitosan (40 kg / 10a), silicate (3kg / 10a) to soil scheduled for ginseng cultivation with basal application. Then, we were diluted with chitosan and silicates to 1000-fold and investigated growth characteristics, saponin content of ginseng after foliar spray twice a month from May to September. Conclusion : Photosynthetic rate of ginseng according to treatment of organic matter was higher in the chitosan experimental group compared to the control group and photosynthetic rate of ginseng cultivars was the highest in Cheonpung’s silicate group(3.70 μmole CO2/㎡/s). The growth characteristics in above-ground part of 2-year-old ginseng was a good in the organic matter treatments compared to the control group. Above-ground part’s growth characteristics of ginseng according to treatment of organic matter showed a good trend in plant height, stem length, stem diameter of chitosan experimental group. The growth characteristics in under-ground part of 2-year-old ginseng was a good in the organic experimental groups. In Yeonpung of the chitosan experimental group, fresh root weight per plant was 9.2 g/plant that increased by 46 % compared to the control group. In Cheonpung of the silicate experimental group, fresh root weight per plant was 8.3 g/plant that increased by 56 % compared to the control group. In the chitosan experimental group, crude saponin content of under-ground part was Cheonpung(10.38 ㎎/g), Yeonpung(12.29 ㎎/g), control(11.53 ㎎/g), respectively. In the silicate experimental group, crude saponin content of under-ground part was Cheonpung(11.73 ㎎/g), Yeonpung(14.21 ㎎/g), respectively. Crude saponin content of ginseng according to treatment of organic matter was. generally higher in Yeonpung than Cheonpung.

Background : Schisandra chinensis is being weighted difficulties in stable production, there is increasing drought damage caused by climate change as shallow rooted crops. Therefore, the study was performed for water supply capacity and growth characteristics analysis by setting the irrigation method for the drought damage reduction. Methods and Results : Test material was used sophomore V-shaped planting Schisandra chinensis. Irrigation method were surface watering, underground watering, sprinkler and untreated. Underground irrigation was irrigation that buried hose and then dug up the 15㎝. Soil moisture tension was the irrigation after fixed at -30 ㎪(23%). Irrigation timing was performed in June-July that high drought damage and made the most fruit enlargement. The main investigating items were investigated fruit growth, normal fault rate, soil moisture and EC content according to the irrigation method. Normal fruit rate according to irrigation method were appeared in sprinkler(81, 74 %)>underground irrigation(76, 69 %)>surface irrigation(76, 67%)>untreated(66, 52 %). Cluster length of yield component was determined to effective irrigation method in fruit growth the highest in sprinkler. Soil moisture contents was maintained at appropriate level with significant -30㎪(23 %) in the sprinkler. EC content low with a downward trend in underground irrigation and sprinkler. Water supply capacity according to Irrigation Method were sprinkler 40 tons, underground irrigation 85 tons, surface irrigation 138 tons. Conclusion : Appropriate watering methods for drought damage reduction of Schisandra chinensis caused by climate change was determined in the most efficient irrigation method in sprinkler that high fruit growth and normal fruit rate, lower the required of water supply capacity.

피부의 가장자리에 위치한 표피는 개체의 생존에 절대적으로 중요하며, 기저막에 위치한 표피줄기세포에 의해 평생 끊임없이 재생되고 있다. 표피줄기세포는 한정된 세포분열을 진행하고 각질세포로 분화하는 transit amplifying (TA)세포를 만들어 냄으로써 오랜 기간 재생에 필요한 많은 각질세포를 만들어 낼 수 있다. 본 연구 에서는 표피줄기세포 세포분열 활성화 화합물로 목단으로부터 추출한 페오놀(paeonol)을 350여 개의 화합물들 로부터 검색해 냈다. 이러한 세포분열 활성화 효능은 표피줄기세포 특이적으로 나타나며, 표피줄기세포의 지표 로 알려진 p63 단백질의 발현 경향은 페오놀을 처리한 표피줄기세포에서 변화하지 않음을 유세포분석법으로 확인하였다. 콜로니형성 분석에서는 페오놀을 처리한 표피줄기세포가 1.3배 이상 더 나은 콜로니 형성능을 보여 주었다. 그리고 PCR array 분석을 통해서 페오놀의 효능은 여러 신호전달에 의해 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이러 한 결과들로부터 페오놀이 줄기세포성에 영향을 주지 않고 표피줄기세포의 재생능력을 향상시키므로 표피줄기 세포 활성화 물질로서 화장품 소재로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Background : This study was development of moisture tolerance and high-yielding Rehmannia glutinosa cultivar. Methods and Results : Segang is developed by the medicinal crop breeding team of National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science(NIHHS), Rural Development Administration(RDA), during the period from 2005 to 2015. The reproduction of Rehmannia glutinosa has been accomplished mainly by vegetative propagation with its seedlings have many variants. The cultivar was selected from seedling of Jihwang 1(check variety). The plant type of Segang is some rising from ground. Regional yield trials conducted at three site from 2014 to 2015. The root yield of Segang was 21.1ton per hectare, which was increased 12% compared with Jihwang 1. Also, Segang has higher catalpol content and dried root ratio compared with Jihwang 1. Conclusion : Segang is a moisture tolerance and high-yielding Rehmannia glutinosa cultivar.

Background : For increasing saponin content of ginseng cultivated in shaded plastic house, this study was performed to investigate growth characteristics and saponin content of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) according to foliar spray of germanium and water-soluble silicates processing. Methods and Results : Used a native species in this study is violet-stem variant that most commonly cultivated in ginseng’s farms. 1-year-old violet-stem variant was transplanted on March 24, 2015 and planting distance was 11 × 20 cm. Shading material of plastic house was used blue-white shading vinyl. The processing method of inorganic dissolved matter is as follows, we were diluted with germanium and water-soluble silicates to 500-fold, 1000-fold and investigated after foliar spray twice a month from May to September. The growth characteristics in above-ground part of 2-year-old ginseng was a good in the inorganic matters treatment compared to the control treatment, the difference of above-ground growth characteristics between the inorganic dissolved matters treatments was not significant. The growth characteristics in under-ground part of 2-year-old ginseng was a good in the inorganic matter treatments and root weight per plant in the 500-fold dilution of germanium was 12.4 g that increased by 29 % compared to the control (9.6 g). Crude saponin content of under-ground part was higher generally in inorganic matter treatments compared to the control (11.53 ㎎/g). In the 1000-fold dilution of water-soluble silicate and germanium (50:50), crude saponin content was the highest in 12.91 ㎎/g. Crude saponin content of above-ground part was higher generally in inorganic matter treatments compared to the control (61.76 ㎎/g). In the 1000-fold dilution of water-soluble silicate and germanium (50:50), crude saponin content was the highest in 65.69 ㎎/g. Conclusion : From the above results, we concluded that germanium and water-soluble silicates could be useful matters in promoting growth characteristics and saponin content of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer).

Background : This study was performed to set proper soil moisture tension for promoting seed emergence and yield of ginseng when direct seeding cultivation of ginseng was carried out in shaded plastic house. Methods and Results : The test cultivars were used Cheonpung, Yeonpung, Geumpung and seeds were sown on November 20, 2013. Irrigation starting point was set to 30, 40, 50 kPa and irrigation breakpoint was set to 20 kPa. Ginseng was cultivated in clay loam soil and shading material of plastic house were used blue-white shading vinyl. The emergence rate of 3-year-old ginseng cultivars in accordance with soil moisture tension indicated Cheonpung 97.0%, Yeonpung 95.0%, Geumpung 95.3% in each 50 kPa, 50 kPa, 30 kPa. In general, emergence rate of ginseng was higher tendency in 50 kPa (93.3∼97.0%). The average absolute soil moisture content during the growing season indicated a moisture content of 19.3% (30 kPa), 17.9% (40 kPa), 16.2% (50 kPa). Looking at the growth characteristics in above-ground part of 3-year-old ginseng cultivars according to soil moisture tension, Yeonpung, Cheonpung and Geumpung were good growth tendency in each 30kPa, 40kPa, 50kPa. On the other hand, looking at the growth characteristics in underground part of 3-year-old ginseng cultivars according to soil moisture tension, Cheonpung, Geumpung and Yeonpung were good growth tendency in each 30kPa, 40kPa, 50kPa. Yield per 10a was indicated that Yeonpung was the highest in the 50kPa to 456kg. Yield per 10a of Cheonpung and Geumpung indicated 347kg, 263kg in each 30kPa, 50kPa. Conclusion : From the above results, we concluded that ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) seems to be a difference of growth characteristics according to soil moisture tension. Therefore, it is need to manage soil moisture for each ginseng cultivars

Background : Cirsium japonicum seeds is the high price, less than 40% germination rate is low. There is a need for a method developed to increase seed germination rate increases consumption. Also, by measuring the harvest season each functional ingredients contents was performed to investigate the optimal timing harvest of ingredients that target. Methods and Results : Test materials were used Cirsium japonicum seeds harvested from late May until mid-June in medicinal testing ground. GA3(0, 25, 50, 100 ppm), Kinetin(0, 25, 50, 100 ppm) and KNO3(0, 25, 50, 100 ppm) of Growth regulator were treated, it examined the population grew more than 1 ㎜. Contents of functional components to harvest season analyzed by HPLC after pre-treatment harvested and drying the leaves and roots in late august until early November. Germination rate of the growth regulator treatment was higher by 52% from the full ripening brown seeds GA3 100 ppm, 56% in the Kinetin 50 ppm, KNO3 treatment in 52% germination in 25 mM. The white seed germination rate was low at less than 10% of all growth regulator treatment. Functional ingredient content of leaf according to harvest time were higher respectively Rutin is 8.61 ug/g in late october, apigenin is 59.6 ug/g in beginning november, quercetin is 8.61 ug/g in beginning september, kaemferol is 32.9 ug/g in late september. Very low content in roots, there was no significant difference. The main ingredient silymarin was highest 4.36 ㎎/g at the late september in case of leaf, and syringin was maintained at a high level from mid-september to early october. Conclusion : Seed germination is thought to be able to increase the germination through the growth regulator treatment and assort brown seed. Functional components according to the harvest time is determined to be able to improve effective component when processing harvest to select a high yield by the component for the purpose.

Background : Aralia cordata and Polygonum multiflorum GAP cultivation requires a stable drying and storage settings after harvesting. therefore, this experiment was performed in order to effectively manage the physical, chemical and biological hazards. Methods and Results : Test materials were used biennial Aralia cordata, Polygonum multiflorum harvested from the medicinal testing ground. The drying temperatures were treated with 40, 50, 6 0℃ and natural drying. Storage containers were stored in plastic boxes, styrofoam boxes and kraft paper containers, examined the color and quality changes for eight months. Aralia cordata and Polygonum multiflorum drying temperature is dry it took natural drying 720 hours, 40℃ hot air drying 180 hours, 50℃ hot air drying 168 hours and 60℃ hot air drying 108 hours. However, the difference chromaticity of the Lab value corresponding to the temperature does not appear, it was good to dry in a short time at 60℃. Aralia cordata and Polygonum multiflorum stored in a styrofoam box storage method but can be stored at room temperature for up to four months, began to decay caused by moisture content it continues to increase. In plastic box in case of Aralia cordata and kraft vessel in case of Polygonum multiflorum can be stored for eight months in room temperature without decay. Styrofoam boxes stored at 5℃ cold storage were higher water absorption such as room temperature, but decay did not occur. Plastic box and styrofoam box were a tendency such as room temperature. Conclusion : Aralia cordata and Polygonum multiflorum are thought that the color change is not large depending on the drying temperature the lower the water content. Styrofoam storage box, the air permeability is higher than plastic boxes and containers Kraft vessel, decay occurs expected increase.

세포 노쇠화(cell senescence)는 나이 듦에 따른 내인성 노화 및 질병들에서 나타날 수 있는 세포의 노화인자 발현, 세포분열 정지 등의 현상으로 일컬어진다. 피부세포의 경우, 노화 및 외부요인으로 인한 세포 노쇠화가 일어나 세포분열의 정지 및 기능 이상이 관찰되며 이는 피부노화를 가속화시키는 요인이 된다. 본 연구에서는, cordycepin을 이용하여 노화된 피부세포의 세포 노쇠화 억제 및 기능 향상을 유도하여 피부노화 개선의 가능성을 제시하였다. 사람에서 유래한 섬유아세포를 이용하여 세포의 β-galactosidase 활성 세포염색 결과, 많은 계대의 세포에서 발현이 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 항산화 및 항염 효과가 알려진 cordycepin을 많은 계대의 세포에 처리하였을 때 β-galactosidase 활성이 확연히 떨어짐을 확인하였고 무혈청 배지 조건에서 많은 계대 세포의 증식 및 생존율을 높이는 결과를 보였으며 세포 노쇠화와 많은 연관성이 대두되고 있는 미토콘드리아의 기능관련 실험을 진행한 결과, 높은 ROS억제능이 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 노화된 사람 피부 섬유아세포에서의 cordycepin의 세포 노화 개선능을 알 수 있었으며, 피부 항노화소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

화석연료의 무분별한 사용은 심각한 환경오염 문제를 발생시키고 자원고갈 위기를 초래하였다. 이러한 문제에 대한 대응책으로 바이오 연료가 주목받고 있으며 세계 각국은 바이오 연료의 도입 및 보급 확대를 위한 정책을 수립하고 관련 연구개발에 투자하는 등 지원을 강화하고 있다. 특히 폐기물 기반 바이오가스는 기존에 매립과 소각으로 처리되었던 폐기물로부터 생산이 가능한데, 바이오가스의 보급확대는 국내 매립지의 수명을 연장시킬 수 있으며 화석연료에 비해 온실가스 저감효과가 우수하다. 이러한 배경 하에서 본 논문은 현재(2012년 기준) 신재생에너지 보급량에서 바이오가스가 차지하는 비중이 2.5%에서 2020년까지 7.7%로 확대하는 정책으로부터 발생하는 외부편익을 추정하고자 한다. 이를 위해 조건부 가치측정법(CVM, Contingent Valuation Method)이라 불리는 경제학적 기법을 적용한다. 외부편익은 무작위 추출된 전국 1,000가구를 대상으로 조사한 지불의 사액(WTP, willingness to pay)의 관점에서 평가된다. 지불의사 유도방법으로 편의를 줄이면서도 어느 정도의 통계적 효율성을 확보할 수 있는 1.5경계 양분선택형 질문법을 사용했다. 조사결과 얻어진 자료를 살펴보면 영(0)의 WTP 응답이 많아 이 값을 적절하게 다루기 위해 스파이크 모형을 적용한다. 분석결과 폐기물 기반 바이오가스 보급 확대를 위해, 향후 10년간 년 1회 가구당 지불의사는 평균 2,539원으로 추정되었으며, 이 값은 유의수준 1%에서 통계적으로 유의하다. 표본에 대한 이 정보를 모집단 전체인 우리나라 전체로 확장하면 연간 469억원에 해당한다.

본 연구에서는 도심지 토사재해로부터 안전한 삶과 방재환경 확보 차원에서 토사재해 발생시 인명피해를 최소화하고 도시기능을 신속하게 복구할 수 있는 통합관리시스템 및 개발될 방어기술의 성능검증 및 적용성 평가를 위한 실증단지 구축 방안에 대하여 검토하였다. 추가적으로 여러 가지 토사재해 방어기술 중 산지에서 인근 도심지의 주요건물로 유입되는 토석류를 막기 위해 토석류의 강도와 피해에 적합하게 대응할 수 있는 가변형 토석류차단벽을 설계하였다. 최근 기후변화와 관련하여 집중호우로 인한 산사태 발생 빈도가 증가하고 있으며, 도심지에서의 토사재해는 막대한 재산피해 및 사망, 실종, 부상 등 인명피해가 속출하고 있다. 피해를 방지하기 위하여 여러 방어시설물과 관련 시스템이 개발되고 있으나 연구 성과물에 대한 검증 및 관리가 부실하여 실용화가 매우 저조한 실정이다. 이로 인해 연구 결과에 대한 객관적인 성능검증과 적용성 평가의 필요성이 부각되고 있다. 본 연구는 요소기술의 적용성을 평가하기 위한 실증단지를 구축함으로 개발된 기술들의 연계-통합에 의한 통합관리시스템 개발과 실용화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

우수한 사료자원으로 평가되는 케나프의 생산단가를 낮 추기 위하여 새만금 간척지 시험포에서 염농도 단계별 생육 및 수량을 관찰한 결과 케나프는 중·상정도의 내염성을 보 유한 작물로 평가할 수 있으며 충분한 제염이 이루어진다고 하면 간척지에서의 재배 가능성도 충분할 것으로 평가할 수 있었다. 염농도별 케나프의 발아력을 조사한 결과 토양 염 농도가 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 일 때 84%이던 케나프 발아율 이 5.0 dS/m (=0.32%) 에서는 18%로 급격히 떨어졌으며 6.0 dS/m (=0.39%) 에서는 발아율이 10%를 넘지 못하였다. 또한 생육 상황도 토양 염농도에 비례하여 급격히 떨어졌는 데 케나프는 줄기직경을 2.6 cm 이상으로 유지할 수 있을 경우 엽수가 유의할 수준으로 늘어나고 줄기부분에 대한 상 대적 무게비율이 증가하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이는 잎 의 분열을 촉진시킬 수 있는 충분한 생장량 확보가 줄기직 경 2.6 cm 이상에서부터 가능하다는 것을 의미하는데 새만 금에서는 토양 염농도 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 이하에서는 케나 프의 줄기직경을 2.6 cm 이상으로 유지하는 것이 가능하였 으나 염농도가 5.0 dS/m (=0.32%)를 넘어서게 되면 줄기직 경이 2.0 cm 이하로 엽수도 20~46% 감소하였다. 생육장해는 파종 후 1개월 경과부터 본격적으로 나타나기 시작하였 는데 엽 정단이 고사하고 주변 잎 들이 급격하게 황화 낙엽 되는 현상이 발생하였다. 케나프의 토양 염농도에 대한 수 량성을 분석한 결과 토양 염농도 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 까지 는 비간척지에 비해 수량이 최대 19% 하락하였으나 염농도간 차이는 크지 않았다. 그러나 토양 염농도가 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 를 넘어서는 5.0 dS/m (=0.32%) 에서는 비간척지의 51% 수준을 유지하는데 그쳤으며 토양 염농도 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 일 때의 수량에 비해서도 38% 감소하였다. 통계분석을 통 하여 간척지에서 수량성 감소를 80% 이내로 유지 할 수 있 는 토양 염농도를 산출해본 결과 토양 염농도가 4.2 dS/m 이내로 유지될 경우 케나프의 생산성은 80% 이상을 유지할 수 있었다.