본 연구는 저온기 시설참외 재배 시 탄산가스 발생제(탄산솔)의 사용효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 600 m2 크기 하우스에 탄산가스 발생제(100g/1봉)를 10, 20 및 30봉을 각각 매달아 무처리와 비교하였다. 그 결과 무처리구에 비해 처리구에서 탄산가스 농도가 3.0~3.2배 정도 높았다. 그리고 무처리구에 비해 처리구에서 과중이 20.2~22.0g 더 무겁고, 태좌부 당도가 1.5~2.1oBrix 더 높았으며, 색도(a값)도 우수하였다. 또한 탄산가스 발생제 처리한 것이 무처리에 비해 발효과율 및 기형과율이 각각 2.9~3.9%, 5.4~7.3% 감소하였고, 상품과율은 8.7~10.3% 증가하였다. 10a당 상품과 수량은 무처리구의 385.8kg에 비하여 탄산가스 발생제 10, 20 및 30봉 처리 한 것이 각각 10.3%, 14.8%, 16.2% 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 보아, 저온기 참외 시설재배시 탄산가스 발생제를 시용함으로써 탄산가스 농도가 높아져 광합성이 촉진되어 품질이 향상되고 수량이 증가한 것으로 판단되었다.

Nitidulid beetles of the genus Aethina Erichson, 1843 are a well-known group as harmful to agricultural and apicultural industry, especially including A. tumida, an American small hive beetle, which is a beekeeping pest. The world-widespread genus Aethina, within subfamily Nitidulinae and family Nitidulidae, is presented 5 subgenera and 28 species in Palaearctic region. Until now, 2 subgenera, Aethina s. str. and Aethina (Circopes), and 3 species, A. (A.) flavicollis, A. (A.) inconspicua and A. (C.) suturallis, have been recorded in Korea, and we added one more species, A. (A.) maculicollis as a newly recorded species. The larvae of A. (A.) maculicollis have been reported as pests of mulberry fruits in Japan. In this study, we report the taxonomic key to the genus Aethina of Korea, and morphological description of A. (A.) maculicollis.

This study is conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese artichoke powder on the antioxidant activities and the quality characteristics of tofu. Tofus are being prepared with different amounts of Chinese artichoke powder in ratios of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% according to the soy milk quantity. According to the increasing contents of Chinese artichoke powder, the yield and turbidity of tofus are significantly increased (p<0.001) whereas the pH levels of tofus are significantly decreased (p<0.001). In terms of color, the L, a and b values are significantly decreased with increasing Chinese artichoke powder concentrations (p<0.001). From the texture profile analysis of the tofus, the chewiness, gumminess and cohesiveness of tofus are significantly decreased (p>0.01) according to the levels of added Chinese artichoke powder content. The contents of isoflavones such as daidzin and genistin are significantly increased with increasing concentrations of Chinese artichoke powder (p<0.001). The microstructure of tofus is being examined by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). In the sensory test, the sample which contains 0.4% of Chinese artichoke powder is ranked significantly higher (p>0.001) than the other groups according to several sensory parameters such as appearance, color, flavor, taste, texture and the overall preferences.

감귤류의 껍질은 플라보노이드의 중요한 소스 중의 하나로서 동아시아에서 내장 및 염증성 질환을 치료하는 민간 의약품으로서 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 하귤 (C. natsudaidai) 껍질에 포함되어 있는 플라보노이드 성분을 고성능액체크로마토그래피-이중질량분석법 (HPLC-MS/MS)으로 10 개성분을 동정하였다. 플라바논, 플라본 및 쿠마린 유도체는 각각 hesperetin, noviletin 및 coumarin을 사용하여 유효화 하였으며 유효화된 방법으로 정량하였다. 상관계수 (r2)는 > 0.9970으로서 높은 값을 보여주었다. LOD는 >0.01 mg/L이었으며 LOQ는 >0.05 mg/L이었다. 플라보노이드의 총량은 9229.7 ± 0.5 mg/kg 이었다. Naringin의 량이 5010.0 ± 4.5 mg/kg으로 가장 많았으며 sinensetin의 량이 0.6 ± 0.1 mg/kg으로 가장 적었다. 항산화력을 25 μg/mL 에서 500 μg/mL의 농도범위에서 DPPH·, ABTS·+, NO· 소거능 및 FRAP의 항으로 분석하였다. 감귤 플라보노이드의 항산화 능력은 시료의 량이 증가하면 증가함을 알 수 있다.

Olibrus Erichson, 1845 and Olibrus particeps Mulsant & Rey, 1861 (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Phalacridae) are reported from Korea for the first time and historical review of the taxonomic position of this genus is provided. The genus Olibrus Erichson is one of the common phalacrid beetles being widely distributed throughout the world. This genus is easily distinguished from other phalacrid genera by combination of the following characters: Antennae inserted at sides of front, base visible from above; Last segment of antenna softly indented; Basal metatarsomere shorter than second; Elytral surface very polished. O. particeps was found in Andong-si and Yeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do of Korea, bringing the number of species within the Korean Phalacridae to 2 species. In this study, we provide a redescription of O. particeps Mulsant & Rey, and illustrations of its genitals and other appendages.

In the present study, we investigated the effect of porcine follicular fluid (PFF) concentration (10% vs. 1%) and protein-free media (PFF 0%) on maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro and analysed difference in gene expression in resulting blastocysts following parthenogenetic activation. Three groups were tested; 1) 10% PFF: Tissue culture medium (TCM) 199+10% PFF; 2) 1% PFF: TCM 199+1% PFF; and 3) 0.1% PVA: TCM 199+0.1 PVA. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes were cultured in the respective media containing gonadotrophin (1 ug/ml), epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml), cystein (0.57 mM), sodium pyruvate (0.91 mM), insulin (5 ug/ml), 9-cis retinoic acid (5 nM) for 20～22 h and then without hormonal supplements for an additional 20-22 h. Data was analyzed using statistical analysis system(SAS) program. There was no significant difference in oocyte maturation rate. However, significantly higher (p<0.05) proportions of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage when oocytes were matured in 10% PFF group (45%) than in the 1% PFF group (31.1%). The total cell numbers were not significantly different among groups (52 ± 1.3 vs. 54.6±3.1 vs. 54.4±2.5, respectively). The relative abundance (ratio to beta-actin mRNA) of gene transcripts related to apoptosis in blastocysts was measured by real- time PCR. The expression of anti-apoptotic gene (BclxL) was up-regulated and the expression of pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) was down-regulated in 10% PFF group than in the other groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that supplementation of 10% PFF during in vitro maturation improves embryo development by reduction of apoptosis. * This study was supported by IPET (#311011-05-1-SB010), RNL Bio (#550-20120006), MKE (#10033839-2011-13), Institute for Veterinary Science, the BK21 program and TS Corporation.

Embryo transfer (ET) is the final procedure for getting pregnancy through assisted reproductive technology such as IVF (in vitro fertilization), SCNT (somatic cell nuclear transfer). In our laboratory, the porcine cloned embryos loaded in ET medium are carried for 3 hours by portable incubator because of the great distance from the laboratory to the experimental farm. Thus, before transferring into recipient, porcine cloned embryos are exposed in vitro condition for long time. Medium which is used in this process is the TALP (Tyrode’s medium supplemented with 10 mM HEPES), but it includes little nutrients for embryo. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine whether ET media containing nutrients affect the in vitro development of embryos compared to TALP. For the experiment, porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5 which has amino acids for developing embryo was chosen as ET medium containing nutrients, added 10 mM Hepes as PZM-5 does not contain buffering system. For experiment, we carried out parthenogenesis through a chemical method using Thi/DTT. Parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in PZM-5 for 2 days, and then they were randomly divided into two group; loaded in a straw with TALP or PZM-5-Hepes, respectively. They were stored in a portable incubator for 3 hours to simulate the time consumed in ET, thereafter embryos in both TALP and PZM-5-Hepes groups were respectively cultured in PZM-5 for additional 5 days. All experiments were repeated 5 times. In result, blastocyst formation rate were 22.46%±1.47 and 23.17%± 2.13, respectively and total cell number were 32.9±2.22 and 37.09±2.18, respectively. There is no significant difference between TALP and PZM-5-Hepes groups. * Further study will investigate effect of PZM-5-Hepes on in vivo development of porcine cloned embryo. This study was supported by IPET (#311011-05-1-SB010), RNL Bio (#550-20120006), Institute for Veterinary Science, the BK21 program and TS Corporation.

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are very interesting in several laboratory animals and humans because they are easy to harvest and expand to generate millions of cells from a small quantity of fat. ASCs are known as useful materials for clinical applications in human cell therapy and as a donor cell in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Here, we investigated if 1) minipig ASCs can be isolated, self-renewed and differentiated into multiple tissue lineages, 2) ASCs can be a suitable donor cell type for generation of cloned pig. In order to isolate ASC, adipose tissues were collected from inguinal region of a 6-year-old female minipig. The ASCs were attached to the culture dish with a fibroblast-like morphology. They expressed cell-surface marker characteristics of stem cell, underwent osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, neurogenic and chondrogenic differentiation when exposed to specific differentiation-inducing conditions. To investigate its potential as donor cell for cloning, we respectively carried out SCNT using ASC, adult skin fibroblast (ASF) and fetal fibroblast (FF) derived from same minipig. The ratio of blastocysts to 2-cell embryos and total cell number of blastocysts were monitored as experimental parameters. In results, cleavage and developmental competence to blastocysts rate showed no significant difference among the three groups. On the other hand, total cell numbers of blastocysts derived from ASC and FF were significantly higher than in ASF (89±7.9 and 105±5.5 vs. 57.5±5.2, respectively). Our results demonstrated that ASC have potential compared to ASF and FF in terms of the in vitro development and blastocyst formation ability. In further study, we will investigate the in vivo developmental ability of ASC as donor cell for pig cloning. * This study was supported by IPET (#311011-05-1-SB010), RNL Bio (#550-20120006), Institute for Veterinary Science, the BK21 program, TS Corporation and Optifarm Solution.

The genus Linaeidea Motschulsky, 1860, contains six species, and is distributed in China, Japan, USSR, Europe, with only two species known in Korea (Gressitt and Kimoto, 1963; Seeno and Wilcox, 1982; Kimoto and Takizawa, 1994; Lee and An, 2001). Morphological notes of the immature stages and life history of Japanese L. aenea (Linne, 1758) were well studied by Kimoto (1962)and Kimoto and Takizawa (1994). Very little is known about the immature stages of this genus from Korea: only the larva of L. aenea have been briefly described and illustrated by Lee (1996). According to Hennig (1938), this genus is separable from the genus Chrysomela, in having sternal tubercles which are disappeared in the last instar larvae. However, the L. adamsi was not applied in the diagnosis character of this genus. The purpose of this results are to provide a key, detailed description, illustration and tubercles patterns of all known Korean species of genus Linaeidea as the basic data for the phylogenetic study the subfamily Chrysomelinae.

The present study investigated the effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the nuclear maturation of canine oocytes. Oocytes were recovered from mongrel female ovaries in various reproductive states; follicular, luteal or anestrous stage. Oocytes were cultured in serum-free tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with various concentrations of FSH (Exp. 1: 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 10 IU) or hCG (Exp. 2: 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 10 IU) or both (Exp. 3: 1 IU FSH + 1 IU hCG) for 72 hr to determine the effective concentration of these hormones, and to examine their combined effect. After maturation culture, oocytes were denuded in PBS containing 0.1% (w/v) hyaluronidase by gentle pipetting. The denuded oocytes were stained with 1.9 μM. Hoechst 33342 in glycerol and the nuclear state of oocytes was evaluated under UV light. More (p<0.05) oocytes matured to MII stage when follicular stage oocytes were supplemented with 1 IU FSH (6.2%) compared with the control, 0.1 or 10.0 IU FSH (0 to 1.2%). Significantly higher (p<0.05) maturation rate to MII stage was observed in follicular stage oocytes supplemented with 1.0 IU hCG (7.2%) compared with the control or other hCG supplemented groups (0 to 1.5%). However, the combination of FSH and hCG did not improve the nuclear maturation rate of canine oocyte (2.4 %) compared with FSH (6.2%) and hCG alone (7.2%). In conclusion, FSH or hCG alone significantly increased the maturation of canine oocytes to MII stage.

중저준위 방사성폐기물 천층처분시설의 처분덮개설계 및 성능평가를 위해 국내 역사시대 고분연구를 수행하였다. 처분덮개 성능과 관련된 국내외 연구현황을 조사하고 삼국시대 고분을 중심으로 봉분의 층상특성을 정리하였다. 국내 고분에 대한 봉토의 시료채취와 시료에 대한 수리전도도 측정 및 분석을 실시하였다. 고분에 대한 자연유사 연구에서 발굴조사보고서 상에 제시된 봉토의 유사판축기법의 적용, 모세관 방벽현상과 배수로를 이용한 봉분 내 습도조절 여부를 천층처분 시설설계에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 향후 국내 고분발굴현장이 있을 때 현장을 방문하여 필요한 자료수집과 더불어 원자력분야의 관심사와 필요사항에 대하여 국내 고고학계와의 정보교환이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 낙지다리(Penthorum chinense Pursh) 추출물을 기능성 화장품소재로 개발하기 위해 (−)‑epicatechin gallate를 지표성분으로 선정하고, 품질관리를 위해 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)를 이용하여 분석법을 개발하였다. 분석에 사용된 칼럼은 Unison US-C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm, Imtakt, USA)을 사용하여 0.05% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)와 메탄올을 이동상 조건으로 컬럼 온도는 30 ℃ 에서 유속은 1.0 mL/min 로 검출파장은 280 nm에서 검출하였다. International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) 가이드라인(version 4, 2005)을 근거로 하여 특이성, 직선성, 정밀성, 정확성, 검출한계 및 정량한계를 분석하여 분석방법을 검증하였다. 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 0.11 mg/mL 및 0.33 mg/mL로 나타났으며, 검량곡선은 상관계수값이 0.9999로 양호한 직선성을 보였고, 정밀성 분석결과 도 0.6% 이하로 확인하였다. 또한, 회수율은 99.51 ~ 101.92% 범위로 정확성이 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 본 분석법은 낙지다리 추출물의 지표성분의 분석법은 적합한 시험법임이 검증되었다.

고무화합물 형태로 구성된 조영제의 병에 Syringe Connector의 Spike를 연결 시 고무의 찢김 정도를 알아보고 찢김 및 분쇄로 인한 합성고무의 혼입 유무와 분쇄된 합성고무가 검출 시 분쇄물의 크기를 실험을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 찢김 정도의 경우 Syringe Connector의 끝과 최초 접촉하는 앞면이 약 3.14±0.04 ㎜로 뒷면 보다 많이 찢겼으며, 실험 대상인 10 병의 조영제에서 평균 7 개에서 15 개로 모두 분쇄물이 검출되었다. 검출된 분쇄물을 이용하여 크기를 측정한 결과 평균크기는 약 7.89±0.31 ㎛이었다. 향 후 다양한 실험 및 분석방법을 통한 추가실험과 더불어 흡인된 분쇄물 차단을 위한 미세 필터타입 자동주입장치의 개발이 필요하며, 분쇄물 유입 시 치명적 사고를 대비하여 관련기관의 관심 또한 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

야콘 분말의 이상적인 저장조건을 규명하기 위한 기초자료로서 저장상대습도(11-75%) 및 온도(25℃, 35℃, 45℃)에 따른 생 및 데친 야콘 분말의 흡습에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 그 특성을 모델링하였다. 생 및 데친 야콘 분말의 등온흡습곡선은 type III 곡선을 나타내었으며, 데친 시료의 평형수분함량은 생 시료에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. GAB식으로부터 예측한 대부분의 단분자층 수분함량은 BET식으로부터 예측한 값보다 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 생 및 데친 시료의 값은 유사하거나 일정한 패턴의 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 실험이 수행된 조건하에서 GAB와 Halsey 모델이 생 및 데친 야콘 분말의 흡습특성을 가장 잘 예측할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 실험결과는 야콘의 건조가공 및 저장의 최적조건을 도출하기 위한 중요한 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Background : Aralia continentalis Kitag. (syn. = A. cordata Thunb., Araliaceae) is a traditional medicinal herb spread widely in northeastern Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan. Many constituents from its root extracts, including diterpene and essential oils, have been isolated as active components for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative, antifungal, anti-thrombotic, and growth inhibition. In this study, we describe the structural determination of the two new compounds. Materials and Results : The roots of A. continentalis were collected in Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, in March 2018 and identified by one of the authors (Dr. S. S. Hong). The roots of A. continentalis were extracted with 70% EtOH two times at room temperature. The concentrated residue was subsequently suspended in H2O and partitioned with n-hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc and n-BuOH. The n-hexane, CH2Cl2, and EtOAc layer were subjected to sequential column chromatography over silica-gel, RP-18, MPLC and preparative HPLC to isolated the compounds 1 - 30. Consequently, a new nor-ent-pimaran diterpenoid (11) and a new 8-O-4′ type neolignan (25) along with 28 known compounds that included diterpenoids, phenolic derivates, and polyacetylenes have been isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of A. continentalis. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic data interpretation, particularly HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data including HSQC and HMBC. Also, those of the known compounds were identified by spectral comparison with those of the reported values. Conclusion : The structures of two new compounds were determined as 18-nor-ent-pimara-9 (11),15-diene-4β-ol (11) and 8-O-4-dehydrocoumaroyl-ferulic acid (25). To our knowledge, compounds 10, 14, 15, 19, 20, 22 – 24, and 26 were isolated and identified from Aralia genus for the first time.

산성광산배수에서 철광물의 침전 및 상전이 과정은 배수 내의 미량원소의 거동에 많은 영향을 미친다. 그러나 자연에서 일어나는 이러한 과정을 정확하게 추적하기는 쉽지 않아 많은 연구들이 산성광산배수에서 일어나는 광물의 침전 및 상전이에 대하여 실내 실험에 의존하는 경우가 많았다. 본 연구에서는 달성광산에서 채취한 배수를 대상으로 실제 산성광산배수에서 서로 다른 pH 값을 갖는 조건에서 시간이 지남에 따라 일어나는 광물의 침전과 이에 따른 배수 내의 미량 원소 변화를 살펴보았다. 침전된 광물의 양이 많지 않아 동정이 어려운 경우도 있었지만 침전된 광물들의 정보를 종합해보면 대체적으로 비정질의 광물 먼저 형성된 후 아마도 슈베르트마나이트를 거쳐서 추후에 침철석이 침전된 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 시료 중 pH가 높은 경우(10)에는 계속적으로 비정질 상태로 남아있었다. 시간이 지남에 따라 광물의 침전 및 전이에 의하여 배수의 pH는 계속적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 모든 원소들이 높은 pH (8, 10)에서 낮은 농도를 보였는데 이는 높은 pH에서의 광물의 침전과 표면전하의 영향으로 판단되며 각 원소의 농도는 시간이 지남에 따라 조금씩 증가하였다. 황의 농도는 슈베르트마나이트에서 침철석으로의 전이의 영향으로 배수 내에서 역시 증가하였다.