Since single-use disposable plastic usage has steadily been increasing, recent trends in polymeric research point to increasing demand for eco-friend materials which reduce plastic waste. A huge amount of non-degradable polypropylene (PP)-based pots for seedling culture are discarded for transplantation. The purpose of this study is to investigate an eco-friendly biodegradable material as a possible substitute for PP pot. The blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was used because of its good mechanical and flexible properties as well as biodegradation. After landfill, various properties of the blend pot were investigated by UTM, SEM, NMR and TGA. The results showed the tensile strength of the blend film rapidly decreased after 5 weeks of landfill due to degradation. From NMR data after landfill, the composition of PLA in the blend was decreased. These results indicate that the biodegradation of the blend preferentially occurs in PLA component. To investigate the effect of holes in pot bottom and side on root growth, a plant in the pot was grown. Some roots came out through holes as landfill period increases. These results indicate that the eco-friendly pot can be directly planted without the removal of pot.

This study has intended to analyze the characteristics of Resource Circulation Networks: Focused on Chungbuk Eco-Industrial Park (EIP). To reach the goal, this study has divided the networks into such fields as energy, waste, and water, and analyzed the characteristics of each field's projects, already finished or in process, in accordance with network development process, environment, and economy. This study analyzed promotion system and treatment method of the network projects for network development process, and environmental pollution load decrease and air pollutants for environment, and treatment cost reduction, resource purchase cost reduction, etc. for economy. This study found the following results: 1) as for promotion system and business type in network development process field, 8 projects adopted corporate-led system and recycling network, and 3 projects governance system and value-added network project respectively; 2) as for environmental pollution load reduction, air pollutant reduction in environment field, both all projects in water and 6 projects in waste have reduced 92,800 t/year of pollution loads, and all projects in energy and 6 projects in waste have reduced 66,000 t/year of air pollutants, especially 48,000 t CO2/year; and3)as for economic benefits in economy field, it has been found that total economic benefits are 30 billion won.

The use of de-icing and anti-icing materials is widespread throughout countries enduring cold and snowy weather to ensure safe winter-driving conditions. In particular sodium and calcium chlorides, chlorides-based materials have been used for many years. However, as the negative effects of corrosion on motor vehicles, infrastructures, and the environment have been understood, which concerns have risen regarding the use of these salts for de-icing roads. For this reason, we investigated the advanced technology and research trend of eco-friendly de-icing materials.

In this study, it was developed eco-friendly alkali-activated slag fiber reinforced concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag, alkali activator (water glass, sodium hydroxides), and steel fiber. Eight reinforced concrete beam using alkali-activated slag concrete were constructed and tested under monotonic loading. The major variables were mixture ratio of alkali activator, mixed/without of steel fiber. Experimental programs were carried out to improve and evaluate the flexural performance of such test specimens, such as the load-displacement, the failure mode, the maximum load carrying capacity, and ductility capacity. All the specimens were modeled in scale-down size. The reinforced concrete beams using the eco-friendly alkali-activated slag fiber reinforced concrete was failed by the flexure or flexure-shear in general. In addition, the maximum strength increased with the adding the mol of sodium hydroxide, and the specimen reinforced the steel fiber showed the value of maximum strength which is increased by 15.8% through 25.9%. It is thought that eco-friendly alkali-activated slag fiber reinforced concrete can be used with construction material and product to replace normal concrete. If there is applied to structures such as precast concrete member and production of 2nd concrete product, it could be improved the productivity and reduction of construction duration etc.

산업혁명 이후 연료의 사용이 늘어 CO2 배출량이 급증하여 지구온난화로 인한 다양한 환경변화를 야기해 전 세계가 기후 변화의 위협에 직면해 있다. 국내 온실가스 총 배출량 중 건설 분야 비중은 약 42%로 높은 비중을 차지하고 있으며, 이 중 도로 분야는 약 16%의 비중을 차지하고 있다. 건설재료 및 자재는 제조 시 대부분 화석연료를 사용하므로 CO2 발생량이 매우 많다. 이와 같은 상황을 고려하여 도로 분야에서도 점차적으로 환경 친화적 건설에 대한 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 최근 국내에서는 도로건설로 인하여 발생되는 환경문제를 해소하기 위한 방안으로 친환경 도로건설을 이루기 위하여 다양한 포장 공법이 개발되고 있으나 소음저감, 미끄럼저항 증대 또는 내구성 강화 등의 기능성 측면만을 고려하여 연구가 진행되어졌을 뿐 도로 이용자 측면에서의 친환경성을 확보하고자 오염물질의 저감 및 화석자원의 고갈 등에 대한 근본적인 환경문제의 해결은 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 친환경 도로포장의 재료로 슬래그 골재를 사용하였고, 슬래그 골재의 입도 및 기초물성 측정, 혼합물 제작을 수행하였다. 슬래그 골재는 다공성 재질로 일반 골재의 흡수율 기준보다 높게 측정되었고, 혼합물 제작 시 조건을 다르게 하여 평가를 진행하였다. 슬래그의 밀도 차이로 동일 중량임에도 두께 얇고 일반 골재와 혼합시 두 재료의 밀도가 다르기 때문에 통과중량백분율 적용이 어려운 것으로 확인되었다. 밀도가 다른 두 재료의 혼합을 위해 체적 단위로 환산한 배합비를 적용하여 배합설계를 수행하였다. 두 종류로 제작된 혼합물의 비교를 통해 슬래그 골재 사용의 극대화 한 재활용 포장 기술의 적용 및 고부가가치화 목적을 두어 연구를 진행하였다.

개발부지조성에 따른 산지의 도로개설로 인하여 발생할 것으로 예상되는 생태계 단절과 Road Kill로 인한 2차 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 생태이동통로의 설치가 요구되었다. 이를 해결하고자 본 논문에서는 효율적인 단면의 생태이동통로를 설계를 위하여 W형 거더를 개발하였고 기존 11개의 교량형식과 비교하여 실효성을 검토하였다. 비교대안으로는 1경간 단순보, 2,3,4경간 연속보 2,3경간 슬래브교, 1,2연 라멘, 파이형라멘, 아치교, 2경간 PSC 거더교가 선정되었다. 12개의 교량형식에 대하여 도로의 구조 시설 기준에 관한 규칙(국토 교통부, 2014), 생태통로 설치 및 관리지침(환경부, 2010), 지역 동물 분포 현황(환경종합정보제공시스템), 최대 적설량 통계자료(기상청, 2014), 그리고 동물이동통로 설계기준(한국도로공사, 2012)에 의한 각종 설계 제반조건을 적용하여 단면을 결정하였고 도로교설계기준(국토해양부, 2012)에 의거하여 강도를 검토하였다. 1차 평가로 3D MAX 프로그램을 이용한 모델링을 통하여 구조물의 두께와 차폐 단면적, 교각의 개수를 고려하여 심미성을 평가하였고 12가지 교량 형식중 1차적으로 6가지의 교량을 선별하였다. 2차 평가로 표준품셈표, 물가정보지를 이용하여 경제성을 평가하였고 2경간 W형 거더교와 1연라멘교, 파이형 라멘교를 선정하였다. 3차 평가로 안전성, 시공성, 사회성, 환경성, 윤리성을 평가하였고 최적대안으로 2경간 W형 거더교가 선정되었다. 본 논문에서 개발한 W형 단면은 기존 11개의 교량형식과 비교하여 차폐 단면적의 감소로 구조물의 심미성이 뛰어나고 경제적이며 자연스러운 배수공간을 창출할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

‘친들’은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 2012년도에 벼멸구 저항성을 가진 HR22538-GHB-36-4와 고품질이며 수량이 우수한 익산471호를 교배하여 육성한 친환경재배적응 고품질 복합내병충성 우수 품종이다. ‘친들’은 서남부해안지 및 평택이남 평야지(충남, 전남북, 경남북) 보통기 보비재배에서 이앙부터 수확까지 124일의 생육일수를 가진다. 간장은 83츠 이며 내도복성이다. 병해충 저항성은 벼멸구, 벼흰잎마름병 K1, K2, K3 균계, 벼줄무늬잎마름병에 강하다. ‘친들’은 쌀알이 맑고 투명하며 중립종이다. 비교품종인 남평벼 보다 단백질이 5.9%로 낮고 밥맞이 매우 좋다. 수량성은 3년간 지역적응성 시험 결과 5.61 MT/ha 이다. ‘친들’은 복합내병충성 육종에 있어 매우 유용한 유전자원으로 사용될 것이다.

Ecotourism has the potential to boost the energy of a village as it pays keen attention to the ecosystem and the residents of the village. It is empowered by participation of and cooperation among stakeholders who are closely involved in ecotourism. However, many of them express difficulty in striking a right balance between development and conservation with regard to promoting ecotourism. Against this backdrop, this research paper investigates the structure of conflict that the stakeholders, especially those in Stork Village in Yesan County, South Chungcheong Province of Korea, experience during the process of establishment of government-led ecotourism. In addition, this study examines the problems of government-led ecotourism model and how they can be addressed. To analyze conflict structure, this paper used Q methods and found out that the budget-related stakeholders are largely divided into four groups as who; a) complain about how business profits are distributed; b) secure profits by expanding programs; c) consider human settlement, and; d) broaden people's participation. The biggest contributor to the conflicts is found that compensation was given discriminately to different jurisdictions. The second finding is that residents became less cooperative when the financial compensation did not live up to their expectation. For instance, they would demand the tourism facility physically expanded, repeatedly complain about the process of the work, and even accuse the government of degrading ecosystem. In other words, unless the compromise is reached with the residents regarding financial compensation, it could be difficult to encourage their participation and develop as a program-oriented tour. Lastly, the tour program needs to induce voluntary participation of the residents and deliver proper information on ecosystem and natural resources so as to last as sustainable ecotourism. The success of ecotourism will be subject to the cooperation of stakeholders in a region, conservation of our fragile ecosystem, and realization of sustainable growth through sharing economic benefits. This study looks into the cause of the conflicts of ecotourism sites and their structure. If this paper can bring about cooperation of stakeholders, the management and operation of ecotourism sites would be more sustainable.

The main purpose of the research is to suggest a new business model of direct distribution of organic agricultural products cultivated in suburban area. To secure competitiveness, logistics cost reduction is important through direct transaction of organic agricultural products cultivated on suburban area. The research addresses food safety, farmers' income and unemployment issues with Eco-M business model. The research methods include investigation on the followings: current domestic agriculture; related problems on the existing literature reviews; the current status of suburban agriculture; specialty store of eco-friendly agricultural products. Eco-M business model can solve various problems of suburban agriculture supply system, challenges of organic farming specialty stores, unemployment issues, and difficulties of processing verticalization. Future research should include followings. First, there should be comparative analysis between businesses of environmentfriendly specialty stores through suburban agriculture and producer's agriculture connected with organic farming market. Second, it is required to develop strategy of environment-friendly specialty stores. Finally, analysis of the potential of Sextic industries is necessary throughout production-process-service process.

In this experiment no solvent based polyurethane(PU) adhesives were prepared with the polyol, isocyanate, dioctyl phthalate(DOP), 2-hydroxyethylacrylate(2-HEA) and other acrylate monomers. The softenening point of the PU adhesives measured by Ring & Ball method were examined in the present study. And adhesion strength and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and 100% modulus of the PU adhesives were evaluated by Universal Test Machine. The experimental results showed that increase of both DPE-41, benzoylperoxide(BPO) and toluene diisocyanate(TDI) increased softenening point, adhesion strength, tensile strength and 100% modulus. However as DOP content increased sofenening point, adhesion strength decreased and tensile strength, 100% modulus also decreased.

Purpose – This study classified consumers' value inclination to find out ways to enhance consumers' eco-friendly product purchase intention. Further, it verified the differences among eco-friendly product purchase intentions depending upon value inclination. Research design, data, and methodology – The structured model and hypotheses were established, and 202 copies of effective questionnaires were used. In order to verify the hypotheses, we used single regression analysis, multiple regression, 3-step mediating regression, and path analysis. Results – Individualism had a positive influence upon materialism, need for uniqueness, and face wants, and collectivism had a positive influence upon materialism only. Factors of self-expressive consumption inclination had a positive influence upon eco-friendly product purchase intention, and factors of value inclination also had a positive influence. Finally, self-expressive consumption inclination mediated between value inclination and eco-friendly product purchase intention. Conclusion – Consumers with individualism inclination felt the need to connect the ownership of an eco-friendly product with their extended self and, further, it was clear that not only the government but also enterprises should build up their public image regarding eco-friendly products.

Recently, in our country has been heightened awareness of the performance of non-combustible construction materialsand eco-friendly. In addition, bottom ash can be used as a high-value, but it is a situation that is buried. Therefore, thebasic experimental study results on the development possibility of eco-friendly nonflammable floor finishing materialsusing the bottom ash, which is an industrial byproduct, are as follows: (1) As a test result of the compressive strengthof mortar conducted to review the use possibility of bottom ash as a floor finishing material, the standard mix that didnot use bottom ash showed 31.3MPa, a 25% replacement mix showed 33.7MPa and a 50% replacement mix showed33.6MPa. Consequently, higher results of the compressive strength of mortar were demonstrated up to the 50%replacement mix, compared to the standard mix. (2) As a flow test result by addition of superplasticizer, the flow was215mm in the 0.2% added mix, and 253mm in the 0.4% added mix. However, material separation was confirmed inthe case of the 0.4% added mix. Therefore, the addition meeting 190mm set forth in the KS F 4041 was 0.2%. (3) Asa result of bond strength test to review bond strength with concrete structure, it was 1.26MPa in case polymer powdercontent was 2%, except for 1.02MPa of basic mix, and it was 1.75MPa in the case of 4%, and all these met1.2MPaand more of bond strength set forth in the KS. (4) As a result of a wear resistance experiment conducted to review theuse possibility as a floor finishing material for parking lot, the mix meeting 0.15mg/mm2 or less of wear resistance setforth in the KS F 4041 was the case of 4% of polymer powder addition, which showed 0.13mg/mm2.

배 과원 문제해충의 하나인 꼬마배나무이(Cacopsylla pyricola)의 월동성충이 낳은 알에 대해 10, 13, 18, 22, 25℃에서 부화율을 조사하여 온도와 발육률에 대한 선형모형으로 Y=0.00319X + 0.00615((R2=0.809899)(Y=temp., X=dev. rate))로 도출하였고, 알에 대한 발육영점온도는 약 –1.94로 추정되었다. 포장에서 월동성충이 낳은 알이 50%를 초과하여 부화하는 시기와 2월 1일부터 일일 최고기온 6℃ 이상의 온도를 누적한 결과, 2008, 2009, 2011년에 각각 429.7, 417.6, 424.3일도였으며, 이는 만개기를 기준으로 만개 3~7일전이다. 한편 아바멕틴 유제, 석회유황합제, 기계유유제, 및 유기농업자재 13종은 월동성충이 낳은 알에 대한 살란 효과는 없는 것으로 생각되고, 배 생육기인 2012년 5월 21일, 6월 5일 2회 살포시 방제가 90% 이상을 보인 유기농업자재는 D사의 Azadiractin A+B, Nimbin, Salanin, Meliantriol, Vepol 등 혼합물 등 4종이었다.

The purpose of this study is to develop promotion strategies for revitalizing mountain eco-villages through social economic support. In order to fulfill this purpose, this study analyzed operation conditions, income creation structures of 240 mountain eco-villages formed by Korea Forest Service, and reviewed systems for social economic support. As summarized in research outputs, this study confirmed that the activities of organizations for joint projects had not been properly implemented due to the absence of supporting systems following the construction of mountain eco-villages. In addition, 159 villages formed as experience villages could not be qualified for enterprise systems due to aging population and absence of network systems. As for income creation, as indicated by comparing net incomes for joint projects calculated based on the classification of village management evaluation, the average net income of 51 highly-rated villages was 22 million Won and that of 128 moderately-rated villages was 3.5 million Won. Experience-based projects and the sales of processed forestry products made by young adult associations or women's societies were major sources of income, and the absence of inner economic bases or villages' jobs caused young adults and returned farmers to focus on working for outside economic activities. Finally, this study developed strategies for mountain eco-village's social economic promotion and suggested four stages of social economic revitalization provisions.

In order to protect coastal facilities mainly from wave and current actions, the self-locking eco blocks constituting elements of protecting shore structures against scouring were designed. These blocks are adapted to the sloping bottom, coastal dunes, and submerged coastal pipelines, counteracting the destructive and erosive impulse action. A series of laboratory experiments has been conducted to investigate the reflection of water waves over and against a train of protruded or submerged shore structures and compare the reflecting capabilities of incident waves including wave forces. In this study the hydraulic model experiment was conducted to identify the performance of newly designed water affinity eco blocks to keep the coast slope and bottom mound from scouring by reduction of the wave reflection and to convince stability of the block placement. Revised design of each block element was also tested for field conditions. From the result of experiments, the field applicability of the developed blocks and placement was discussed afterward.

This study was conducted to select and develop effect of eco-friendly organic materials for the eco-friendly prevention of Anthracnose occurred in the ginseng. Anthracnose on ginseng is occurred by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the crop damage is severe especially from July to August after rainy season. The test results showed that control effect by test products materials on the three years ginseng and four years ginseng field was lower in eco-friendly organic materials than that of chemical pesticide. However, the control effect of bordeaux mixture was higher with 71.3% and 73.8% levels than those of mineral matter, microbial agent, and developed plants extract mixtures (Eugenol, Curcumin, Wood vinegar, etc). On the other hand, three types of developed plants extract mixtures (3 types) showed control effect in a range of from 58.1% to 63.6% against Anthracnose which was higher as compared with plant extract alone and sodium silicate regardless of ages of ginseng. The results of this study would attribute in verifying the control effect of eco-friendly materials against Anthracnose for ginseng through investigating antimicrobial compounds contained in the plants body. Also, it would be used as control method against Anthracnose occurred in ginseng by judging the right control time through monitoring occurrence of disease.

Ulsan made its contributions to modern Korea as an industrial city. In the 1960s, Ulsan was appointed as a special industrial zone. After that, industrial complexes were built without environmental considerations so Ulsan was once called “the polluted city”. However, in the early 2000s, the main concern of Ulsan’s policies was gradually shifted from the economic growth to the environmental issues. In order to enhance the environmental quality and to make the Ulsan more environmentally friendly eco-city where human and nature coexist, Ulsan city declared “The Eco-polis Ulsan” in 2004 based on “The Master Plan for Eco-polis Ulsan” which included the eco-industrial park as an action plan. This study aims at defining the concepts of eco-city and policies to build Ulsan-style eco-city as environmentally friendly city and proposing Ulsan as a role model to cities and towns of developing countries. In addition, Ulsan’s EIP project which will be implemented for 15 years from 2005, is elaborated including regulatory issues and technologies to be applied.