Cryptocurrency transactions are subject to private law regulations. This article reviews the legal nature of cryptocurrency from the perspective of general civil law theory. The undeniable nature of property in cryptocurrency has led to an increased demand for judicial systems to effectively operate in regards to cryptocurrency. The right to cryptocurrency cannot be regarded as intellectual property rights. Cryptocurrency cannot also be regarded as a bond, as it is merely units of information listed in the distributed ledger with no counterparty. Cryptocurrency can be understood as an “things” under civil law because there is a possibility of management through an electronic wallet private key and also independence through a distributed ledger. Among the requirements of an things, the requirement of ‘corporeal things’ or ‘natural force’ can be flexibly interpreted in regards of transactions between related parties. On the other hand, cryptocurrency cannot be regarded as “money” among things. Cryptocurrency cannot function as a “measure of value”, which is a fundamental function of money, due to its inherent nature of volatility and price differences between its exchanges. As a result, the legal nature of cryptocurrency can be recognized as a things, not money, through which current existing judicial systems such as compulsory execution law and bankruptcy law becomes able to operate in regards to cryptocurrency, ultimately promoting legal predictability. However, legislation on cryptocurrency should ultimately be completed through legislation, not interpretation. This requires further in-depth discussion in academic and practice sectors.

The president's graduation congratulations are not just congratulations, requests, and wishes to the graduates. Those speeches refer a lot to the president's political philosophy and the government's policy stance. Accordingly, this paper compares and analyze the structural and linguistic characteristics of each of the congratulatory speeches the president gave at the graduation ceremony of public and private universities and military academies. First of all, the speech at the public and private universities was freely and variously organized without any formal form, while that of the military academies showed consistent organization. In addition, the two types of congratulatory speeches were compared from three perspectives: topic selection, recognition of relationship with audience, and expression of speech content. In the future, I think more interesting sociolinguistic research results can be obtained if the president's graduation speech is compared with other types of presidential speeches.

PURPOSES : Disabled people have a low employment rate and poor working conditions, making it difficult for them to get a job compared to non-disabled people. In this study, we examined the characteristics of the commuting environment for the disabled because they experience many difficulties in the commuting environment owing to the physical influence of the disabled. METHODS : Disabled people are expected to have a higher meaning in commuting satisfaction than commuting time. Therefore, in this study, commuter satisfaction was used as a dependent variable, and an ordered logit model was used because it was composed of a five-point scale. RESULTS : As a result of the analysis, both disabled and non-disabled people were identified as influencing factors in salary, satisfaction with the environment around the residence, work characteristics, and public transportation. The main difference was that disabled people were affected by the household income, length of residence, and commuting area, whereas non-disabled people were affected by the personal income, home ownership, and area of residence. Therefore, it appeared that the household income, stability of residence, and short-distance commuting had a strong influence on the satisfaction of the commuting environment of the disabled. CONCLUSIONS : This study showed that if we understand the determinants of commuting environment satisfaction and various environmental factors, it is expected that effective policies to improve the employment rate of the disabled can be determined.

목적 : 본 연구는 급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 일반적 특성과 인지기능에 따른 공간관계지각을 비교함으로써 의료기관 등에서 작업치료 중재 수립 시 참고할 수 있는 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 의료기관에 입원한 뇌졸중 환자 36명을 대상으로 하였다. 평가는 미네소타 공간관계 지각 검사(Minnesota Spatial Relations Test; MSRT), 한국판 몬트리올 인지평가(Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA-K)를 사용하였다. 일반적 특성과 인지기능에 따른 공간관계 지각을 비교하기 위해 Independent samples t-test와 One-way analysis of variance를 이용하여 분 석하였다. 결과 : 급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 일반적 특성 중 연령대(p < .01), 발병기간(p < .05), 손상측 뇌반구(p < .01), 유/무학(p < .05)과 인지기능(p < .01)에 따른 MSRT 수행시간에서 통계학적으로 유의미한 차이 를 보였다. 수행시간을 비교하면 70대 이상이 40대 이하보다(연령대), 1개월 미만이 3개월 이상보다(발 병기간), 오른쪽이 왼쪽보다(손상측 뇌반구), 무학이 유학보다(유/무학) 더 소요되었다. 또한, 인지기능 이 저하된 환자의 수행시간이 정상 환자보다 더 소요되었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 연령대, 발병기간, 손상측 뇌반구, 유/무학과 인지기능에 따라 공간관계지각이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후에는 뇌졸중뿐만 아니라 다른 질환을 가진 환자를 대상으로 한 연구가 진행되기를 바라며, 본 연구의 결과가 작업치료 중재 수립에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

This study is to check waterproof by number of twists of fire hose and measure the first waterproof time to analyze the relationship between twists of fire hose and first waterproof time and waterproof by position of twists so as to suggest the efficient plan to prevent twists of fire hose. Ordinary fire hose did not make waterproof in case that position of twists was near the nozzle with twists 5 times or more, while anti-twist fire hose had no problem for waterproof only with delayed time. Like ordinary fire hose, anti-twist fire hose also showed the tendency to increase the waterproof time in proportion to the number of twists. In case that the position of twists was near waterproof port even with 10 times of twists in anti-twist fire hose, the first waterproof time was increase by 0.63 seconds on average without any problem for waterproof, which was somewhat faster than that in ordinary fire hose. With respect to the position of twists, waterproof of anti-twist fire hose was affected more as the number of twists was increased more near the nozzle rather than near the waterproof port, like ordinary fire hose. In summary, anti-twist fire hose equipped with anti-twist tool at the middle connection port and the nozzle showed a good waterproof performance with delayed waterproof time regardless of number of twists, as a solution for the twist problem of ordinary fire hose.

목적 : 본 연구는 40세 이상 한국 성인의 수면시간과 안구건조의 관련성을 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 방법 : 국민건강영양조사 제7기에 참가한 성인 16,119명 중 성인 2,506명을 대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 복합표본설계방법으로 평균, 표준 편차, t-검정을 분석하였다. 수면시간과 안구건조의 연관성은 카이제곱으로 분석하였다. 일반적 특성이 안구건조에 영향을 분석하기 위해 로지스틱 회귀 분석하였다. 성별, 연령, 학력, 가구소득, 직업, 근무시간대, 체질량지수, 흡연, 음주 등의 변수를 통제하였다. 결과 : 분석 결과 전체 수면시간은 7시간이었다. 수면시간과 안구건조는 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 안구건조에 영향을 미치는 요인을 로지스틱 회귀분석 한 결과 안구건조는 7시간보다 5시간 이하에서 증가하였다(OR 1.93[95% CI: 1.38-2.71]). 안구건조는 남성보다 여성에서 증가하였다. 저체중보다 비만에서 증가하였으며(OR 1.89[95% CI: 1.11-3.19]), 음주에서 주 4회 이상이면 안구건조가 증가하였다(OR 2.43[95% CI: 1.42-4.16]). 결론 : 안구건조와 수면시간과의 연관성을 확인하였다. 그러므로 적절한 수면시간으로 안구건조를 예방해야 할 것이다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the general nurses's experiences of missing patient identification. Methods: Participants were 12 nurses who experienced missing patient identification in general wards in hospitals. Data were collected with focus group interviews and individual in-depth interviews and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: As the results of this study, 128 statements, 4 themes and 13 sub-themes were derived. The four themes derived were ‘Situations that we had not to check patient identification properly’, ‘Fear and pressure from the result of missing patient identification’, ‘Feeling guilty to the results of missing patient identification’and ‘Efforts to reassuring patient identification’. Conclusion: In order to prevent the failure of patient identification, we need specialized programs to cultivate patient safety culture not only for nurses, also patients and caregivers, and all departments of hospital. We also need institutional efforts and effective hospital investment and supports for accomplishing the goal.

PURPOSES : Rut depth of asphalt pavements is a major factor that affects the maintenance of pavements as well as the safety of drivers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing rut depth, using data collected periodically on national highways by the pavement management system and, consequently, predict annual rut depth change, to contribute to improved asphalt pavement management. METHODS : The factors expected to influence rut depth were determined by reviewing relevant literature, and collecting the related data. Further, the correlations between the annual rut depth change and the influencing factors were analyzed. Subsequently, the annual rut depth change model was developed by performing regression analysis using age, present rut depth, and annual average maximum temperature as independent variables. RESULTS : From the sensitivity analysis of the developed model, it was found that age affected the annual rut depth change the most. Additionally, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables was statistically significant. The model developed in this study could reasonably predict the change in the rut depth of the national highway asphalt pavements. CONCLUSIONS : In summary, it was verified that the model developed in this study could be used to predict the change in the National Highway Pavement Condition Index (NHPCI), which represents comprehensive conditions of national highway pavements. Development of other models that predict changes in surface distress as well as international roughness index is required to predict the change in NHPCI, as they are the independent variables of the NHPCI prediction model.

목적 : 본 연구는 도수안경 온라인판매 정책화에 대해 전공자와 일반인의 여론을 알아보고자 한다. 방법 : 대상자 277명을 대상으로 전공자와 일반인을 구분하여 온라인 설문지(Google Forms)를 통해 조사하였다. 각 항목은 안경광학 전공여부, 기본 인적사항(성별, 나이), 도수안경 온라인판매 정책화에 대한 인지여부 및 찬반여부를 조사하고 그 이유를 물어 인식을 조사하였다. 결과 : 안경광학과 전공자는 165명(59.57%)이었고 이 중 도수안경 온라인판매에 대해 인지하고 있는 사람은 145명(87.88%), 모르는 사람은 20명(12.12%)로 대부분의 전공자들은 이 정책에 대해 인지하고 있었다. 찬반 여부에서는 찬성하는 사람은 10명(6.06%), 반대하는 사람은 155(93.94%)이었다. 찬성하는 이유 중 가장 많은 항목은 구매편의성(70.00%)이었고, 반대하는 이유 중 가장 많은 항목은 안경사 전문성 퇴화 및 기본권 침해(58.06%) 이었다. 일반인 112명(40.43%) 중 이 정책에 대해 인지하고 있는 사람은 26명(23.21%), 모르는 사람은 86명 (76.79%)이었다. 찬반 여부에서는 찬성하는 사람은 40명(35.71%), 반대하는 사람은 72명(64.29%)이었다. 찬성 하는 이유 중 가장 많은 항목은 구매편의성(52.50%), 반대하는 이유 중 가장 많은 항목은 잘못된 도수의 안경 처방(58.33%)이었다. 결론 : 전공자와 일반인 양측에서 이 정책에 대해 반대하는 수가 월등히 많았고, 이는 안경사 제도를 통해 전문성을 인정받은 안경사의 전문컨설팅으로 정확한 처방과 조정을 한 후 안경을 조제하여 판매해야 한다는 인식이 대부분 차지하고 있음을 나타낸다. 도수안경 온라인판매 정책이 시행되면 많은 시행착오를 겪으며 여러 시광학적 부 작용을 발생할 것으로 사료되므로 이를 방지하기 위한 대책이 수립되어야 한다.

본 논문의 주된 연구 목적은 우리나라 디지털 행정구역 경계 파일의 일반화를 위한 실행 원칙을 수립하고, 그것에 기반해 적절한 일반화가 적용된 주제도 제작용 기본도를 제시하는 것이다. 이론적인 수준에서 맥매스터와 셰이의 디지털 일반화 모형을 검토하였고, 알고리즘 수준에서는 더글라스-포이커 알고리즘과 비스발링엄-화이엇 알고리즘을 비교하였다. 일반화를 위한 알고리즘으로 원 데이터의 피처간 연접성이 보존되고, 단순화뿐만 아니라 완곡화도 일부 수행하는 수정 비스발링엄-화이엇 알고리즘이 채택되었다. 우리나라 2020년 6월 30일 기준의 읍면동 경계 파일을 대상으로 목표 축척을 1:4,000,000과 1:8,000,000으로 설정한 일반화를 수행하였다. 서로 다른 버텍스 보존율로 일반화한 여덟 장의 지도를 비교한 결과, 1:4,000,000 축척을 위해서는 버텍스 보존율이 0.2%인 지도, 1:8,000,000 축척을 위해서는 버텍스 보존율이 0.05%인 지도가 적절한 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구는 상세성이 너무 높은 원본 행정구역 경계 파일이나, 원칙과 근거가 부족한 일반화가 적용된 경계 파일을 무비판적으로 사용하는 관행에서 벗어날 수 있는 최소한의 근거를 제시했고, 축척별 표준 행정구역 경계 파일의 세트를 구축하기 위한 보다 광범위한 기획의 시발점 역할을 했다는 의미에서 학술적･실질적 가치가 있다고 평가한다.

본 연구에서는 일반 폴리시와 젤 폴리시의 안전성 인식 및 손톱 손상도에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법은 본 연구에 참여를 동의한 20~50대 여성을 대상으로 사전 설문조사와 실험 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 일반 폴리시와 젤 폴리시의 효과성 인식, 안전성 인식, 손톱 손상도 인식 차이에서 모두 젤 폴리시가 높게 나타났다. 실험 전·후 손톱의 수분, 유분, 경피수분손실량(TEWL)은 실험 전보다 모두 감소 하였으며, 일반 폴리시에 비해 젤 폴리시의 감소 폭이 높게 나타남을 확인하였다. 또한 손톱의 SEM 표면 관찰에서도 젤 폴리시의 손톱 표면 손상도가 매우 크게 나타남을 확인하였다. 이상과 같이 본 연구를 통해 일반 폴리시보다 젤 폴리시가 손톱의 손상도에 많은 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 소비자들의 건강하고 아름다운 손톱관리 및 유지를 위한 기초 자료로 도움이 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

Recently the meaning of the road name address is expended as an information through the revision of the Road Name Address Act. As this revision, the address of things (AoT) become more important indicating the possibility for the expansion to the related business. However, recent study about AoT does not concern how the current priority system works from the first research. In this study, we analyze perception about addressable object between AoT experts and public using AHP analysis. We structured the importance of addressable objects as two categories; urgency and value creation. The necessity in emergency or daily, accessibility and welfare conform the urgency index. Meanwhile, public value creation in public domain or profitability in the business area and economics conform value creation index. We conducted survey for total of 89 of experts and public. The results of this study indicate the relative importance of AoT measured by experts and public. Generally, public tend to concern more about accessibility conforming the urgency index than experts. Moreover, the public WiFi and the sports complex scored the high priority among the remain addressable objects, in respect of the urgency and the value creation. This result could be implemented for the activation of the smart city industry base on the geospatial information including AoT.

This paper analyses the foreign language curriculum of general high schools in China. The Chinese educational authority announced an experimental version of its language curriculum in 2003, revised it in 2017, and revised it in 2020. In 2003, the foreign language curriculum included only three foreign languages: English, Japanese, and Russian. German, French, and Spanish were added from the 2017 curriculum. The 2017 curriculum consists of three categories: ‘required’, ‘required optional’, and ‘optional’. The required courses meet the requirements for graduation by all students. Students intending to go to college must complete all required optional courses. The six foreign language curriculums equally set four core competencies: language ability, cultural consciousness, thinking ability, and learning ability. In addition, this paper investigated curriculum structure of the six foreign languages, learning vocabulary, and items included in the appendix, and compared the foreign language curriculum in China and Korea. In conclusion, Korea’s next curriculum suggested that achievement standards and evaluation criteria should be more specific in preparation for the high school credit system, and that achievement standards and evaluation criteria should be described so that the curriculum and college entrance can be linked.

This study was conducted to compare the quality characteristics of firm tofu (coagulant calcium chloride, CaCl2 used) made from eight imported and four domestic soybeans selling in Korean markets. The 100-seed weight of soybeans imported from China and Seonpung cultivated in Korea was the highest at 33.23 g and 32.51 g, respectively. Soybeans imported from the USA (bulk type) showed the lowest at 16.12 g, followed by Ukraine at 16.94 g, and Brazil at 18.51 g. The range of protein and fat in the 12 soybeans was 37.08~41.36% and 18.35~22.17%, respectively. The isoflavone contents were the highest in Daepung2 cultivated in Korea at 3,764.10 μg/g and the lowest in soybeans imported from Brazil at 1,439.85 μg/g. Tofu yield among the samples was in the following order: Seonpung (235.2%), China (232.0%) Daepung2 (228.7%), Daechan (225.7%), and Brazil (208%). Tofu made with soybeans cultivated in Korea (including from China) showed a higher yield compared to that made from soybeans from seven other countries. In the analysis of the correlation of quality factors of tofu, the hardness of the tofu was correlated with 100-seed weight (r=0.676*) and protein content of the soybeans (r=0.837**). Tofu yield was correlated with 100-seed weight (r=0.748**) and protein content of the soybeans (r=0.583*).