The objective of this study was to investigate the motility and kinematics of boar sperm that while stored at 4C. The samples of fresh boar semen were place into an extender, Androhep, and stored at . In three of these samples, cryoprotectants were added. The sperm's motilities and kinematics were evaluated by using microscope () and the viability status was evaluated by using with eosin staining method. The 5 sample groups are; Goup A:Androhep (extender), stored at . Group B:Androhep (extender), stored at . Group C:Androhep (extender), + 3% glycerol (cryoprotectant), stored at . Group D:Androhep (extender), + 3% DMSO (cryoprotectant), stored at . Group E:Androhep (extender), + 3% ethylene glycol (cryoprotectant), stored at . In group A, the sperm's motility was reduced. On day one the sperm's motility was () and day 5 the motility was (). In group B, C and D the sperm's motility were reduced to 0 on day 5. In group E the sperm's percentage of motility decreased. On day one the sperm's motility was () and day 5 the motility was (). When comparing cryoprotectant in samples of boar sperm there is a slight improvement in the results when the use of Androhep Lite (extender), + 3% ethylene glycol (cryoprotectant), stored at are used. Based on these results, ethylene glycol can protect sperm from heat shock at , but not satisfactory level. However, it showed the possibilities of liquid semen preservation at by using cryoprotectant.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of growing stages of the Korean Native Striped Bull (KNSB) on the freezability and fertility of frozen-thawed semen. First, we investigated the total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) according to the diluent used for semen freezing. Second, we examined the effect of the age of KNSB on semen volume, TM and PM of fresh and frozen-thawed semen. Third, we examined the effect of frozen semen from the different age of KNSB on the fertilization rate, and the artificial insemination pregnancy rate. The diluents used in this experiment were Triladyl and Tris-egg yolk extender (EYE). Semen was collected from 5 KNSB in the growing stage (15 months) and 5 adult KNSB (36 months). When Triladyl or Tris-EYE extender was used for semen freezing, there was no difference of the mean TM and the mean PM. However, the mean TM was significantly higher in Bull No. 1885 than Bull No. 4283 ( <0.05). The mean volume of semen collected from the 15-month-old bulls (2.3 ml) was significantly lower ( <0.05) than that from the 36-month-old bulls (5.0 ml). The mean semen concentration was similar for the 15-month-old ( spermatozoa/ml) and 36-month-old ( spermatozoa/ml) bulls. For the 15-month-old and 36-month-old bulls, the mean TM of fresh semen were 93.7% and 88.3%, respectively, and the mean PM were 97.0% and 88.3%, respectively; the 15-month-old bulls showed a particularly high PM ( <0.05). For the 15-month-old and 36-month-old bulls, the mean TM (56.0% and 58.0%, respectively) and the mean PM (64.0% and 70.7%, respectively) of frozen-thawed semen did not differ. The development rates of embryos after fertilization and the pregnancy rate after artificial insemination using frozen-thawed semen did not differ according to the bull's age. In summary, semen volume differed according to the bull's age, but semen concentration and survival rate, the fertilization rate, and the pregnancy rate did not differ according to the stripe bull's age. Accordingly, semen from bulls in the growing stage can be collected and frozen for the preservation and multiplication of rare livestock.

This study was carried out to investigate artificial insemination (AI) failure status and frozen semen characteristics in Korean proven bulls‘ number (KPN) semen used for AI of Hanwoo cows in Gangwon East region (Gangneung, Donghae, Taebaek, Samcheok, Sokcho, Yangyang, Goseong). Among semen used for AI, AI failure rate showed lowest at KPN506 (27.6%), whereas highest at KPN593 (77.2%). Correlations of AI failure in between Korean proven bulls semen and cows was 0.2941, which means that AI failure rate of Korean proven bulls semen may have respectable effect on reproduction of Hanwoo cow. In addition, present study was conducted to investigate spermatozoal viability rate, ruptured acrosome rate and active mitochondria in frozen Korean proven bulls semen with flow cytometry. The semen of KPN593 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher viability rate in KPN593 (30.49%) than that in KPN637 (37.34%). Furthermore, percentage of ruptured acrosome was lower in KPN637 as 21.37% than in KPN637 (21.37%), but it was not statistically significant. In conclusion, these results indicate that choice of Korean proven bulls semen may correlate positively with conception rate in Hanwoo cow. Therefore, KPN with high AI failure rate might be avoid to increase conception rate and characteristics of frozen semen might be evaluated before its use for AI.

돼지 정액 채취과정은 무균적으로 진행되기가 어려우므로 채취된 정액의 세균오염 (bacteriospermia)은 일반적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 돼지 정액에서 주로 분리되는 오염 세 균은 그람음성균이고, 장내세균과(Enterobacteriaceae)에 속하는 것으로 조사되고 있다. 정액 내 세균오염은 오염 정도에 따라 정액의 품질과 수명에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것 으로 보고되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 돼지 정액에서 순수분리한 대장균을 실험적으로 농 도별로 오염시켜 돼지 정액의 활력, 생존율 및 pH에 대한 대장균 오염의 영향을 확인코 자 하였다. 정자 농도와 세균오염 정도를 조절하기 위하여 항생제가 첨가되지 않은 시판 돼지 정 액 희석제(Seminark Pro)를 이용하였고 돼지 정자수 대비 대장균수가 4,000 : 1(T1), 400 : 1(T2), 40 : 1(T3), 4 : 1(T4)이 되도록 액상정액 시료를 제조하였다. 모든 시료는 17℃ 저온배양기에 보존하면서 유세포분석기(flow cytometer)를 이용하여 0일차, 1일차, 3일차 및 5일차에 각 시료별 정자 활력(미토콘드리아 함량 측정)과 생존율(Live/DeadⓇ 염색)을 측정하였고, 산도측정기(pH meter)로 정액 pH를 측정하였다. 정자의 활력은 T3, T4에서 0일차(17℃, 4시간 배양)부터 대조군(C)에 비하여 유의성 있 게 감소하였고, 모든 시료에서 3일차 이후부터 활력이 감소(p<0.05)하였다. 정자 생존율 의 경우에도 T3, T4에서 0일차부터 C에 비하여 유의성 있게 감소하였고, 모든 시료에서 3일차부터 생존율이 감소(p<0.05)하였다. 보존일 경과에 따른 정액의 pH 변화의 경우, C, T1 및 T2에서는 0일차에 pH 7.00 정도에서 5일차(p<0.05)에 pH 7.10 이상으로 높아진 반면, T3에서는 3일차(p<0.05)부터 pH 6.90 이하로 낮아져 5일차에는 pH 6.86이었고, T4 에서는 1일차(p<0.05)부터 pH 6.86 이하로 낮아져 3일차(p<0.05)와 5일차(p<0.05)에는 pH 6.65 이하로 낮아졌다. 본 결과로부터 돼지 정자수 대비 대장균수가 40 : 1(20×106 sperm cells/ml : 5×105 cfu/ ml) 이상으로 오염되었을 경우 오염 당일부터 5일차까지 대조군에 비하여 정자의 활력과 생존율이 유의성 있게 감소되었으며 40 : 1의 경우는 3일차부터, 4 : 1의 경우는 1일차부 터 정자의 사멸 혹은 세균오염에 의한 산패로 정액의 pH가 낮아지는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 정액 내 세균오염이 정액의 품질과 수명에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 보고 와 일치하며 위생적인 정액 채취를 위한 노력과 고품질 정액 공급을 위한 정기적인 모니 터링 검사 및 보존액 내 유효한 항생제 첨가가 중요할 것으로 사료된다.

한우(韓牛, Korean Cattle, Bos taurus coreanae)는 모색에 따라 황소, 칡소, 흑소로 나 누어지고 있다. 칡소는 현재 1,700여두가 전국에 사육되고 있는 것으로 추정하고 있다. 그러나 종모우로 활용 가능한 수소의 숫자가 매우 적어 근친의 위험도가 높다. 본 연구 에서는 우량 칡소를 선발하기 위하여 성장단계별 체형을 측정하고, 12개월 및 30개월 령 에 신선정액과 동결융해 정액의 활력을 비교하였다. 칡소의 발육단계별 체형은 체고, 흉위, 십자부고, 체장, 흉심, 흉폭, 고장, 요각폭, 곤폭, 좌골폭을 각각 6개월, 12개월, 18개월, 24개월 및 36개월 이상으로 구분하여 측정하였다. 정액 채취는 인공질을 이용하여 채취하였고, 정액동결용 완충액은 Triladyl를 이용하였다. 칡소 수소의 성장단계별 체형을 조사한 결과, 12개월령 흉위, 체고, 십자부고, 체장, 흉 심, 흉폭, 고장, 요각폭, 곤폭 및 좌골폭이 각각 평균 156.0 cm, 113.2 cm, 118.6 cm, 122.6 cm, 59.5 cm, 31.7 cm, 43.0 cm, 34.7 cm, 36.6 cm 및 19.8 cm였고, 30개월령에 는 각각 평균 214.8 cm, 140.5 cm, 140.5 cm, 179.3 cm, 83.2 cm, 48.6 cm, 62.3 cm, 53.9 cm, 51.0 cm 및 34.7 cm로 조사되었다. 칡소 육성우의 모색을 조사한 결과, 전체 호반 무늬를 가진 개체는 9.6%, 부분 호반 무늬는 59.0%, 호반 무늬 없이 갈색인 개체는 20.5% 그리고 흑색인 개체는 10.8%였다. 15개월령 칡소와 30개월령 칡소의 신선 및 동 결융해 정액의 활력을 조사한 결과, 15개월령 수소의 정액량이 평균 2.3ml로서, 30개월 수소의 정액량의 평균 5.0ml로서 유의차가 인정되었다(p<0.05). 채정 직후의 신선정자의 생존율은 15개월 및 30개월 수소가 각각 평균 93.7% 및 88.3%, 운동성은 각각 97.0% 및 88.3%로서 운동성은 15개월령이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 한편 동결융해 정자의 생 존율은 각각 평균 56.0% 및 58.0%였고, 운동성은 각각 평균 64.0% 및 70.7%로서 차이 가 없었다. 본 연구를 통하여 칡소의 동결정액 생산을 위한 체형이 우수한 개체의 선발이 가능하 였으나, 대량 증식을 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was undertaken to evaluate of cryopreservation efficiency in α 1,3-galactosyltransferase knock-out(GalT KO) cloned miniature pig sperm. To compare ability of frozen-thawed sperm characteristics, three different pig strains (GalT KO) cloned miniature pig, PWG miniature pig and Duroc were used. The ejaculated semen from the three pig species was diluted with same volume extender and added to LEY solution for freezing. The diluted semen was placed in 0.5 ml straws, and freezing was initiated by exposing the straws to liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapours for 10 min before placing them into LN2 for cryopreservation. A fter thawing, the sperm ability were assessed for viability (SYBR-14/PI staining), abnormality (Rose Bengal staining), and acrosome status (intactness, intensity and capacitation) (chlorotetracycline, CTC staining). The viability of frozen-thawed GalT KO pig sperm had no significant difference as compared with Duroc and PWG miniature pig sperm. However, The CTC pattern of frozen-thawed GalT KO cloned miniature pig spermatozoa showed significantly lower rates in F pattern and AR pattern (p<0.05) and significantly higher rates in B pattern than Duroc and PWG miniature pig (p<0.05). The abnormality of GalT KO cloned miniature pig sperm was significantly lower as compared to Duroc and PWG miniature pig sperm (p<0.05). In conclusion, GalT KO cloned miniature pig semen can be cryopreserved successfully and used for artificial insemination reasonably.

The objective of this study was to examine effect of ethylene glycol for semen cryopreservation in Korean Jeju Black Bull. The semen was cryopreserved with extenders containing cryoprotectants (7% glycerol and 3%, 5%, 7% ethylene glycol) and packed to 0.5 ml straws. The semen straws were located above 3 cm of liquid nitrogen for 5 min, 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min. And then frozen straw was plunged into LN2. Post-thawed sperm motility, viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in 5% ethylene glycol (72.5±5.00%, 54.88±0.66% and 46.00±2.40%; p<0.05). Motility and viability were similar between 7% glycerol and 5% ethylene glycol. However, the membrane integrity was significantly higher in 5% ethylene glycol (34.69±4.64% vs 46.00±2.40%; p<0.05). The viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min than 3 cm for 5 min (viability: 55.81±2.94, 55.19±3.34 vs 47.94±3.48%; p<0.05 and membrane integrity: 44.94±3.51, 46.06±2.25 vs 40.38±1.03%; p<0.05). The percentage of capacitated sperm assessed by CTC staining, percentage of F pattern was higher in 7% glycerol, 5% and 7% ethylene glycol, and AR pattern was significantly higher in 3% ethylene glycol. F pattern was significantly increased in 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min (p<0.05), but AR pattern was significantly increased in 3 cm for 5 min (p<0.05).

The purpose of this study was to improve of frozen-thawed sperm using magnetized water in Korean native cattle. Before cryopreservation, without egg-yolk Triladyl® solution was flowed though magnet [0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 Gauss(G)] for 5 min. The freezing of dilluted semen added with Triladyl containing 20% egg-yolk. Analysis of frozen-thawed sperm was estimated viability with SYBR14/PI double stain, membrane intact with hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), acrosome reaction with FITC-PNA, mitochondria membrane function with Rhodamin 123 by flow- cytometry. Sperm viability was significantly higher in 4000G group than other groups (p<0.05). However, the Hypoosmotic Swelling Test(HOST) was significantly higher in fresh, 4000 and 6000G than 0 and 2000G (p<0.05). In addition, mitochondria membrane damage and acrosome damage were significantly lower in 6000G group than other groups (p<0.05). in conclusion we suggest that magnetized water could be improve ability of sperm on cryopreservation in Korean native cattle.

This study was conducted to establish a freezing method of miniature pig spermatozoa. The semen ejaculated from PWG M-type miniature pig was collected by gloved-hand method. The semen was diluted with same volume extender (m-Modena B). The frozen solution used frozen solution of four different (LEY, TCG, BF-5 and m-Modena+egg yolk) for find optimal frozen solution in miniature pig sperm. The diluted semen for frozen rate assay was added to LEY solution (solution Ⅰ: 11% lactose+egg yolk; solution Ⅱ: solutionⅠ+glycerol+OEP), and frozen depending on freezing rate by the three different freezing methods (A: until 5℃ for 1 hrs, holding at —102℃ for 10 min; B: until 5℃ for 2 hrs, holding at —102℃ for 10 min; C: until 5℃ for 3 hrs, holding at —80 and —102℃ for 10 min). Semen cooled until 5℃ was added with glycerol 1, 3 and 5%, and take a equilibrium time for 0, 10 and 30min. Frozen-thawed sperm were evaluated for viability, acrosomal status and morphological abnormality. The results of frozen-thawed sperm ability by frozen solution, viability was higher in LEY solution compared to other three different frozen solution. AR pattern of LEY solution were lower than other three different frozen solution. The results of freezing rate, viability was higher in B method compared to other methods (p<0.05). Acrosomal statute was intacted in A and B methods than C method. The experiment for glycerol condition was showed that sperm viability was higher in extender with 1% and 3% glycerol and equilibrium time of 0 min. The acrosome damage was lower in extender with 1% glycerol and equilibrium time of 10 min than other conditions. In conclusion, the optimal conditions for cryopreservation of miniature pig spermatozoa obtained in LEY frozen solution, cooling rate of 1～2 hrs, 1～3% glycerol concentrations and glycerol equilibrium time of 0～10 min.

The objective of this study was to evaluate efficiency of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD) in the sperm preservation of bull. For this study, the freezing of diluted semen were added with Triladyl containing 20% egg-yolk and/or 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM MBCD before freezing process. Analysis of viability in frozen-thawed sperm was estimated by SYBR14/PI double stain, hypoosmotic swelling test(HOST) and acrosome damage with FITC-PNA, and mitochondria activation with Rhodamin123 by flow-cytometry. The sperm viability was significantly higher in 0 mM and 5 mM concentrations of MBCD than other groups (p<0.05). However, the HOST was significantly lower at 20 mM concentration of MBCD than other concentrations (p<0.05). In addition, acrosome damage and mitochondria activation rates were significantly lower at 20 mM concentration of MBCD than other groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the viability of sperm was not significantly different among concentrations of MBCD 0, 5 and 10 mM, but MBCD 20 mM was significantly lower than other groups. In addition, as concentrations of MBCD was high, HOST, acrosome damage and mitochondria activation rates had a negative effect in bull sperm.

This study was undertaken to find out the effect of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD) on cold shock and membrane cholesterol quantity of sperm during the freezing process in miniature pigs. For this study, semen ejaculated from PWG M-type miniature pig was diluted that freezing solution (with egg yolk group) and m-Modena B (without egg yolk group) treated with 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM MBCD before freezing process. The diluted semen was monitored sperm ability at room temperature, after cooled until 5℃ and after forzen-thawed for cold shock test of spermatozoa. Also, membrane cholesterol of sperm was extracted by folch solution at the same time. sperm ability was assessed for viability and acrosomal status. The membrane cholesterol quantity was measured by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method. The result, viability and acrosome integrity in semen diluted without egg yolk groups were decreased at all temperature range by increasing of MBCD concentration. In particular, sperm of egg yolk group was showed that significantly higher viability and lower acrosome damage when treated with 5 mM MBCD (p<0.05). The results of TLC experiment, cholesterol amounts were increased with MBCD cocentration in egg yolk, and decreased with MBCD concentration in m-Modena B. In cryopreservation efficiency, there was no significant difference at viability, and acrosomal state of sperm in 5 mM MBCD concentration was significantly lower in acrosome damage than other groups (p<0.05). Therefore, the addition MBCD in egg yolk was protected spermatozoa from cold shock injury. This protective effect of MBCD may be due to addition of sperm membrane cholesterol.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of semen extenders on the motility, viability and fertility in vitro of spermatozoa during storage of fresh boar semen diluted in different commercial extenders used for pig artificial insemination (AI). In this experiment, semen were diluted in Androhep plus, Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), Modena, Seminark and Vitasem LD. Five ejaculates were collected from three Duroc boars and sub-samples were diluted (30×106 spermatozoa/ml) in different extenders. Semen was stored at 17℃ for 10 days. Sperm motility and viability was assessed using Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) and flow-cytometry on 1, 3, 5 and 10 day post collection. The motility of spermatozoa stored in different extenders was gradually decreased by increasing the duration of storage of semen. However, there was not significantly different in the sperm motility and viability among other extenders. On the other hand, the in vitro-matured oocytes were fertilized and cultured in vitro to assess the fertility of boar spermatozoa stored for 3 and 10 days in different extenders. The percentage of morula and blastocyst were taken as indicators of fertility in vitro of spermatozoa. Therefore, there were no differences in the rate of embryos developed to the molular and blastocyst stage. There were no differences in the motility and fertility in vitro among 5 kinds of commercial boar semen extenders.

This study was carried out to establish most suitable freezing condition, to evaluate the different glycerol concentration of freezing and thawing rates on motility, viability, membrane integrity and acrosome intecrity of frozen Korean Jeju Black Bull spermatozoa, Semen was collected from a Korean Jeju Black Bull using an artificial vagina and transported to the laboratory. The semen was extended gradually 1:5 then cooled slowly for 2 hrs to 4. The semen was diluted 1:1 with cryoprotectant extenders (3%, 5% and 7% glycerol) and equilibrated for 2 hrs at cold chamber and packed to 0.5 ml straws. The semen straws were located above 3 cm of liquid nitrogen for 5 minutes, above 5 cm for 10 min and above 8 cm for 10 min. And then the frozen straw was plunged into LN. The presented straws were examined the viability and motility after thawed at 37 water bath. The viability and membrane integrity immediately post-thawing were significantly higher in samples frozen in 7% glycerol than 3% and 5% glycerol (p<0.05). After CTC staining to assess acrosome integrity, F pattern was significantly increased, but B pattern was significantly decreased in 7% glycerol (p<0.05). Freezing distance of 5 cm from liquid nitrogen and pre-cooling for 10 min yield better survival and membrane integrity, but not significant difference. However, AR pattern according to CTC staining was significantly decreased in 3 cm for 5 min.

The objective of this study was to evaluated the efficiency on sperm cryosurvival and ability of in vitro fertilization using Triladyl and Lactose Egg-Yolk(LEY) as extenders for cryopreservation of separated sperm by 65% percoll in miniature pig. Sperm viability was measured with SYBR-14/PI double stained sperm by flow cytometry. Ability on embryo cleavage rate and blastocyst development were observed by in vitro fertilization after frozen-thawing of sperm separated by 65% percoll. The experimental groups were designed that separated sperm by 65% percoll with Triladyl (ST) or LEY(SL) and unseparated sperm with Triladyl(UT) or LEY(UL) for cryopreservation. As a results, the viability was significantly(p<0.05) higher in ST(55.1%), SL(63.1%), UL(58.8%) than UT(38.2%) group. Sperm viability in SL(63.1%) group was significantly(p<0.05) higher than other experimental groups. On the other hand, embryo cleavage rate was significantly(p<0.05) higher in ST(79.1%), SL(83.2) than UT(74.1%) and UL(75.7%) groups at 96h after in vitro fertilization. Blastocyst development was also significantly(p<0.05) higher in ST(21.5%), SL(20.9%) than UT(17.0%) and UL (18.8%) groups. In conclusion, cryopreservation of miniature boar sperm separated by 65% percoll were beneficial to viability and capacity on in vitro fertilization.

The objective of this study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of sperm collection methods on the post-thaw viability of cat semen. The cat semen was collected by artificial virginal (AV) and electronic ejaculate (EE) methods. The composition of semen extender was consisted of Tris-buffer supplemented with 20% egg yolk and 1% P/S antibiotics in Ext I, and more added 8% glycerol, 1.0% Equex STM paste of total volume in Ext II. The collected semen was adjusted the concentration and then diluted in Ext I for optimal concentration. The diluted semen was cooling to 5℃ temperature in refrigerator for at least 2 hrs and then diluted stepwise with Ext II for at least 1 hrs. After an equilibration for 1 hrs, the cooled semen was packaged in 0.5 ml straw and then freezing on the LN2 vapor over 5 cm above from LN2 and then immersed directly in LN2 for cryopreservation. The frozen semen was thawed in 38℃ water for 15 sec and then evaluated the motility, viability, and morphology. Post-thaw semen were calculated the motility by SMI (sperm motility index). The live-dead sperm was evaluated by Eosin-B and morphological evaluation was by Diff-quik kit staining. The post-thaw concentration (89×106 /ml vs. 128×106 /ml), viability (22.6±10.6% vs. 37.1±26.1%), morphological normality (27.0±50.2% vs. 45.6±123.0%) of EE and AV groups were not significant different, but the post-thaw motility was significant lower in EE than that in AV group (53.1±3.6 vs. 73.6±5.7) (p<0.05). In conclusion, semen collection methods did not significant different between EE and AV groups except of post-thaw motility and so both semen collection methods could be applied in feline semen collection methods.

This study was undertaken to find out the effect of cholesterol and serum albumin on sperm ability and lipid peroxidation levels period to the liquid storage of miniature pig sperm. Ejaculated semen from miniature pigs was collected by gloved-hand method into a pre-warmed () thermos bottle, and extended with Modena solution {with and without BSA, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (-cholesterol) and cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin (+cholesterol)}. Each semen was assessed for viability (SYBR-14/PI staining) and acrosome intactness, intensity and capacitation status by chlorotetracycline (CTC) staining at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of storage. At for the effects of cholesterol and serum albumin on lipid peroxidation, semen were incubated with (), and lipid peroxidation level were measured by flow cytometry using the lipid peroxidation reporter probe . The result, lipid peroxidation level in sperm added with cholesterol were lower in compared to the added sperm with serum albumin. Also, added cholesterol to sperm had significant (p<0.05) higher viability when storage for 7 and 10 days and lower when 10 days of storage percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm (AR pattern) in acrosome state as say result compared to other treated groups. In conclusion, role of cholesterol during lipid storage in miniature pig spermatozoa was protected boar spermatozoa from lipid peroxidation prior to lipid storage. Addition serum albumin during lipid storage in sperm may be induce sperm membrane damage by lipid peroxidation. Therefore, addition of cholesterol to miniature pig sperm will be lead to extension of liquid storage periods.

희소 한우인 칡소의 정액 동결을 위해서 레시딘을 기본 희석제로 하는 AndroMed와 Tris-egg yolk extender를 사용하여 정자의 생존율과 활력 조사를 위해서 본 연구를 수행하였다. AndroMed 희석제를 사용하였을 때 생존율과 활력은 와 의 결과를 보였다. 그리고 Tris-egg yolk extender의 경우는 각각 와 결과를 보여 생존율에서는 Tris-egg yolk 희석제가 AndroMed 희석제를 사용하였을 때보다 유의적으로(p

Research in the area of equine artificial insemination (AI) has led to its increased application in field trials. However, procedures for equine semen collection, cooling and freezing of semen and artificial insemination need further improvement. In experiment 1, we investigated the percentage of total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) of sperms at after-collection, cooled-diluted, cooled-transported or frozen-thawed semen. In experiment 2, mares were inseminated with either cooled-diluted, cooled-transported or frozen-thawed semen. In experiment 3, we examined the effect of buffer (skim-milk extender), which was infused into the uterus at the time of AI with frozen-thawed semen. In experiment 4, we compared AI pregnancy rates for mares ovulating spontaneously versus after treatment with hCG. In experiment 1, the average percentage of TM was decreased from 75.3% to 14.4% at the stage of after-collection to frozen-thawed semen (p<0.05). The average percentage of PM was 58.2% and 59.6% at after-collection and cooled-diluted, but it was significantly increased 71.7% after frozen-thawed (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the pregnancy rates after AI using cooled-diluted, cooled-transported and frozen-thawed semen were 60%, 50% and 37.5%, respectively, and similar among treatments. In experiment 3, the pregnancy rate of mares infused with buffer at AI was 40% which was higher than that with no buffer (10%). In experiment 4, the pregnancy rates of mares were similar between ovulated spontaneously (25%) and ovulated with hCG (50%). The results suggest that equine semen that has been cooled-diluted, cooled-transported or frozen can be successfully used to establish AI, pregnancy and foal production. Also, the pregnancy rates after AI can be increased by infusing buffer into the uterus at AI or by inducing ovulation with hCG, but further study is need.

This study was undertaken to determine whether the presence of fertility-associated antigen (FAA) in semen would influence semen characteristics and conception rate of artificial insemination in Hanwoo. The response to FAA of 36 heads of proven bull, 7 heads of young bull, and 27 heads of performance-tested bull was that one proven bull was FAA-negative and the others were FAA-positive, therefore FAA-negative bull was 1.4%. FAA-negative bull was lower in first and second semen concentrations than those of FAA-positive bull in 5,301 semen of 21 heads of proven bull, then FAA-negative bull was fewer as 11.5% in total sperm counts. The estrus of 22 heads was 70d-nonreturned in 36 cows first inseminated with frozen semen of FAA-negative bull, but that of 249 heads in 378 cows first inseminated with frozen semen of FAA-positive bull. Each conception rate was 61.1% and 65.9%, respectively. The difference of conception rates was 4.8%. These results indicate that the response of FAA to semen were influenced semen characteristics and conception rate of artificial insemination, but further investigations are needed to confirm the results.