서로 다른 숙기를 가진 여섯 개의 자두 품종을 이용하여 과실 발육 단계에 따른 주요 과실 특성의 변 화를 조사하였다. 자두 과실의 산도는 유과기에 가장 높은 수치를 보였다가 과실의 발육이 급속하게 이 루어지는 시기를 기점으로 감소되고 이후 수확기까지 점진적으로 감소하였다. 가용성 고형물 함량은 산 도와 거의 반대로 증가하는 경향을 보였고 숙기가 빠른 품종 일수록 보다 빠른 시기에 변화가 나타났 다. 수확기에 측정 된 산도와 가용성 당함량의 축적량은 품종에 따라 차이가 있어 품종 특이적인 변이 가 있음을 확인하였다. 과실의 발육동안 유리당과 유기산의 조성변화와 수확기에 조사된 총 유리당과 유기산 함량의 검정 결과에서도 품종에 따른 변이를 관찰하였다. 이를 통하여 과실의 발육과정 중 일어 나는 품종 특이적 과실특성의 다양한 변화 양상이 결과적으로 수확기 품종 간 과실품질에 있어서 변이 를 일으키는 주요한 요인으로 작용하고 있음을 간접적으로 확인하였다. 과실의 특성과 관련된 형질들의 값을 이용하여 주성분 분석을 실시한 결과, 본 실험에 이용된 여섯 개의 품종을 대조적인 과실 특성을 가진 세 개의 그룹으로 나눌 수가 있었다. 본 연구를 통해서 밝혀진 과실발육 기간 동안과 수확기에 대 조적인 과실특성을 가진 품종들을 이용한 추가적인 생리 및 육종 연구들은 고품질 자두의 육종에 도움 을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

엘니뇨와 남방진동(엔소)은 변동 주기가 2-8년으로 넓게 걸쳐있으며 그 진폭과 주기 또한 천천히 변하는데 이런 특징을 각각 엔소 불규칙성과 엔소 변조라 한다. 이 연구는 비선형 대기 변동성을 나타나는 Lorenz-63 모형과 간단한 충전 진동자 모형을 결합함으로써 비선형 저차 기후모델을 개발하였다. 이 모델은 동태평양의 해수면 온도 변동의 중심 주기, 넓은 주기성, 강도의 수십 년 변동 등과 같은 관측에서 보이는 엔소 특징을 잘 재현하였다. 이것은 대기 카오스 강제력이 엔소의 불규칙성과 변조를 이끌 수 있음을 보여준다. 덧붙여 모델은 서태평양 온난역의 대류활동이 강해지면 라니냐 발생 가능성이 높아지는 것을 제시하였다. 이 모델은 간단하면서도 적도 태평양의 대기-해양 비선형 상호작용을 잘 모사하고 있기에 향후 장기 기후변화 연구에 활동될 것으로 기대된다.

The aims of this study were to develop macaronè with Korean red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) rice powder and analyze their physico-chemical and physiological characteristics. Korean red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was added to macaronè at a weight percentage of 0, 2.5 and 4.5%. Color values (L-value, redness, and yellowness), total sugar content, total phenolics, total carotenoids, ABTS radical scavenging activity, textures, and sensory characteristics with varying various Korean red pepper were measured. As the ratio of the powders in the macaronès increased, total phenolic content, total carotenoid content, and radical scavenging activity increased. There were significant differences in total phenolic and total carotenoid content of macaronès (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in color, sweetness, texture, and overall acceptability depending on the addition of Korean red pepper. KR30 macaronè, showed higher overall acceptability, as compared to other macaronè.

Animation industry is one of several sections of cultural industry, the major growth industry in china. This study is to analyze the characteristics of development of Chinese animation industry in two categories of governmental policy and economy. First, development of animation industry is characterized by the governmental policy. Chinese animation industry is currently experiencing a rapid developmentbased on the various policies and support. On the statement of ‘Plans for Promotion of Chinese Film & Animation Industry’ by State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT) in 2004, governmental support on the section has begun. Starting in 2006, China’s 11th five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (FYP) has enhanced the development of the animation industry. With governmental support, Chinese animation industry has been broadening its boundaries through development of new cultural contents. Second, in economic aspect, derivative products have been developed by the progress ofthe animation industry. Governmental support has brought an industrial conversion focused on Research & Development and Creation, and income increase has resulted in an increased spending on culture. Those changes have led to the development of derivative industries such as animated film, accessory, animated publication industries. Success of the animations has promoted development of the derivative products and enlarged the market size. As a higher value-added business with these huge economic impacts, Chinese animation industry will continue its growth.

본 연구에서는 동조액체기둥감쇠기의 비선형감쇠항을 등가점성감쇠항으로 치환한 등가선형 동조액체기둥감쇠기 모델을 유도하였으며 동조액체기둥감쇠기의 동적거동인 고유진동수와 감쇠비를 이론적으로 파악하였다. 동조액체기둥감쇠기에 일정한 전기장을 형성한 후 동조액체기둥감쇠기의 수직운동에 의해 발생되는 가변전압을 측정하여 수조 내부의 수위로 변환하는 식을 유도하였다. 또한 본 연구에서 제안한 동조액체기둥감쇠기의 수위측정 시스템의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 고가의 전기 용량식 파고계와 비교 및 검증하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 제안한 수위측정 시스템을 동조액체기둥감쇠기에 적용, 진동대 실험을 실시하여 고유진동수와 감쇠비를 파악하였고, 이론상의 고유진동수와 실험상의 고유진동수가 일치하였음을 확인하였으며, 진동수비 변화에 따른 동조액체기둥감쇠기의 감쇠비 변화를 확인하였다.

Recently LED fish-attracting lamps have been more widely used in fisheries as low-cost and high-efficiency fishing gear, and development of long-life high-efficiency lamps is required through the design of LED packages to optimize heat resistance. This study developed an improved LED fish-attracting lamp with excellent heat performance, which was verified using a numerical model. Heat-resistance design factors such as the heat-radiation fin shape, PCB type, and LED chip count were investigated and optimized. Comparison with a commercial 180-W LED fishing lamp showed that the increase in initial temperature was 40% higher than that of the surrounding LED chip because of design errors in contact thermal resistance. The 250-W LED lamp developed in this study has a characteristic with thermal rising in linearly stable according to the heat source. In addition, luminance efficiency was improved by 20-65% by using flow-visualization simulation. A decrease of 45% in total power consumption with a fuel-cost reduction of over 55% can be expected when using these optimized heat release design factors.

Recently an outbreaked pest belongs to Hemiptera: Recaniidae, Ricanula sp. is greatly concerned about the outspreading throughout the South of Korea by wide range of host, including Cornelian cherry, Jujube, and peach trees. In Chungbuk province, this pest was first occurred at Jincheon and Okcheon in 2012, Cheongju in 2013 and now found out at Eumseong and Goesan in 2015. Ricanula sp. was oviposited directly into one-year twig, did damages on fruit-bearing formation and finally withered the host. This study was performed to understand the ovipositional characteristics and to develop the standardized forecasting method. Oviposition by Ricanula sp. was abundant in tree than in bush, adult laid eggs on new inner twigs and then covered with wax compound. Total no. of oviposited egg-mass was 10 to 318, and that of on new twig was 5 to 185 per tree, with different to host trees. Thickness of oviposited twigs were done within 2 ~ 5.5 mm and the height was mostly founded with range of 1 to 2 m, founded with highest height over 3 m. Oviposited no. of egg-mass within 30 cm twig was appeared differently from 2 to 7 every host. From based on this investigated result, we provide this for standardized forecasting method. This pest will need to control when egg-mass will occur over 2 at new twig, within 30 cm from the tip, set as total 25 point/ 5 plants (5 point per plant).

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Perilla frutescens powder on physiological and sensory characteristics in macaronè. The perilla powders were added to macaronè at a weight percentage of 0, 2.5 and 4%. Color values (L-value, redness and yellowness index), total phenolics, DPPH radical scavenging activity, textures, total sugar contents and sensory characteristics of macaronè made with varying levels of perilla powder were measured. In sensory evaluation, significant differences (p<0.05 and p<0.01) were shown in color, sweetness, nuttyflavor, texture and overall acceptability depending on the addition level of perilla powders.

Many traditional fermented foods contain diverse bacteria and many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play important roles for the fermentation of foods such as many dairy foods and kimchi. Especially, Leuconostoc mesenteroides is one of major bacteria in those fermented foods and the development of this species would be expected to be critical for strain improvement as well as the industrialization. Up to now, a lot of plasmids were isolated from Leuconostocs species including Leu. mesenteroides and a number of vector systems has been developed. Many plasmid vector systems using Leuconostocs spp. employ RCR (rolling circle replication) producing single-stranded DNA intermediates or sometimes takes theta replication. These plasmids include the sequences for Pre protein, recombination specific sites such as RSA (recombination site A) and RSB (recombination site B), and single strain origins for RCR replication. This information might be helpful to elucidate the improvement of Leuconostocs spp. and moreover the development of diverse products using Leuconostocs spp.

Tiffany & Co. had been recognized so highly in Korea even before its official advance to the country in 1991 that a successful jewelry company was called 'Korean Tiffany'. The purpose of this study was to explain how American brand Tiffany had been spread and recognized among Korean people by analyzing related articles and advertisements during the period from the Liberation to the 1989. The research method used in this study was the articles of newspapers and relevant literature. This is the result that, with the run of movie 'Breakfast at Tiffany's in Korea in 1962, the trade name and trademark of Tiffany were used illegally not only by jewelry traders but also by other businesses. Other luxury jewelry brands in the same period could not enjoy indirect advertising and spillover effects as good as Tiffany. As a result, a successful jewelry company was called 'Korean Tiffany' in 1989, and the expression is still valid in the country.

This study was carried out to analyze cone and seed developmental characteristics of the Pinus densiflora community distributed in the entire area of Mt. Gwanggyo in Suwon. As survey areas, the P. densiflora communities of two regions, which are 400 meters and 550 meters in altitudes above the sea level, were selected, and cone collection was conducted 10 times in total from April 12 to October 11, 2012. The result of cone and seed development survey showed that the size and growth rate of cone and seed was larger and faster in individuals of the community situated at an altitude of 400 meters than those at an altitude of 500 meters. The water content of the cone collected from at an altitude of 400 meters on October 11 was 35.9%, which is 38.3% lower than that of the cone at an altitude of 500m, but more rapid decrease in water was found. The number of cone opening days was 7.3 days in the community at an altitude of 400 meters, and 8.1 days at an altitude of 500 meters, showing that of the cone at an altitude of 400 meters is shorter. The seed separation from the cone showed the same pattern as in the reduction rate from the water content of the inner cone. The number of seeds in the cone and percentage of sound seeds was also greater and higher in th cone at an altitude of 400 meters than that at an altitude of 500 meters. Meanwhile, the maturation of the embryo, a part of seed of the cone between the two communities was observed to be similar to each other. The external size of the seed has hardly changed since July 10th, but the embryo inside the seed was found to be mature until August 7th.

This study was designed to measure taste sensitivity and the five basic senses by an educational classification instrument. The instrument was a rice kit that could use samples in a dry powder form or oil extract after long-term storage To test for taste, sucrose, salt, citric acid, and quinine sulfate were made at different concentrations and taste sensitivity was measured on a scale from level 1 to level 5. To obtain baseline data, an inspection tool for the five senses was used and randomly applied on 101 schoolchildren in the third and fourth grade in the city of Cheonan in Korea. The inspection tool was composed of 17 questions; 5 questions regarding visual characteristics and three questions each for characteristics regarding taste, hearing, smell, and touch. The average age of the schoolchildren was 9.5 years old and there were 49 third grade students (9 years of age), and 52 fourth grade students (ten years of age). There were slightly more male students than female students, 56 (55.4%) compared to 45 (44.6%), respectively. The average height of female students was higher than that of males, but the average BMI (body mass index) of the male students was slightly higher than that of female students (18.28 compared to 18.09, respectively). Female students were slightly more sensitive to salty tastes than male students (2.8 compared to 2.5, respectively). In the score distribution for each sense, touch sense was the highest at 7.59, sight sense was 7.49, hearing sense was 5.43, smell sense was 5.24, and taste sense was lowest at 3.69. Therefore, schoolchildren first tend to recognize and deem important the touch and sight of food before its taste.

It seems most important for a manufacturing company to be well aware of its relationship with suppliers. This is why it is essential to analyze and control the structural relationship among CEO's characteristics, relations between suppliers and manufacturers and new product development performances affected by such relations. The present study may be summed up as follows: First, from the analysis of characteristics of manufacturing company's CEO and relations between suppliers and manufacturers, it could be verified that CEO's characteristics exercised influence upon sharing of product development process and upon cooperation for technical manpower, but not upon sharing of core technologies, signifying the fact that nothing could be more important than the role of CEO who has strong will to improve his or her relations with suppliers; and Second, from the analysis of relations between suppliers and manufacturers as well as relations between management and new product development performances, it became evident that both management performance and product development performance were affected by sharing of product development process. It was also known that cooperation for technical development process had influence upon the product development performance but not upon the management performance. Furthermore, the analysis showed that both management performance as well as product development performance were affected by sharing of core technologies.

관비재배 및 수경재배시 비료를 녹일 때 소요되는 시간과 노동력을 절감하고, 작업의 안전성 확보와 자동화를 가능하게 할 수 있는 장치의 개발을 위해 본 실험을 실시하였다. 실험은 세 종류로 수행되었다. 먼저, 효과적인 비료용해 방법을 구명하기 위해 수중펌프를 양액 통 속에 두고 양액 통의 입구에 삼베포를 깐 거름망을 설치하여 물을 스프레이하여 비료를 녹이는 방법(Spray), 수중프로펠러를 이용하는 방법(Propeller), 수중펌프를 양액 통 속에 넣어 물의 흐름을 만들어 주는 방법(Submerged), 에어컴프레서를 이용하여 양액 통 속에 공기흐름을 만들어 비료를 용해하는 방법(Airflow) 등 4개의 처리를 두고 실험하였다. Spray 처리에서 가장 시간이 짧게 소요되는 것으로 조사되었으나 농가가 실제로 적용하는데 어려움이 있어서, Spray 처리 다음으로 비료를 녹이는 시간이 짧고, 노동력을 절감할 수 있으며 양액제조 과정을 자동화 하는 것이 용이할 것으로 사료되는 Airflow 처리를 선택하였다. 두 번째 실험에서는 Airflow 처리에서 사용한 재질과 분지관수를 개선한 6지관 및 8지관 장치를 제작하여 비교 실험했는데, 6지관 장치가 비료용해시간이 짧고, 양액탱크의 입구 크기에 관계없이 사용이 가능하며, 제작이 용이하여 가장 효과적인 장치로 판단되었다. 세 번째 실험에서는 개발된 6지관 장치를 이용하여 비료를 용해하는데 소요되는 시간을 조사하여 경제성을 분석하였는데, 농가에서 수중펌프를 이용하여 비료를 용해하는 방법보다 시간은 1/8배 절약할 수 있으며 경제성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 KNO3, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, Fe-EDTA 등의 용해특성을 조사했다.

미나르는 19세기의 가장 창의적인 지도제작자로 알려져 있다. 그러나 그의 지도에 대한 연구는 지도학분야에서는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미나르의 지도의 지도학적 특성과 그의 지도가 주제도 발달에 미친 영향을 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 미나르의 지도가 19세기 주제도 발달사에서 가지는 의미를 고찰하였다. 그의 형상적이고 개락적인 지도는 프랑스의 국토정책 의사결정을 위한 것으로 지도학적 정확성보다는 신속하게 인지가 가능하도록 일반 메시지 전달에 중점을 두고 제작되었다. 둘째, 미나르 지도 중 유선도와 단계구분도와 도형표현도, 그리고 나폴레옹의 1812년 러시아 원정 지도의 지도학적 특성을 살펴보았다. 셋째, 미나르의 지도가 이후의 주제도 발달과 지리적 시각화에 미친 영향을 살펴보았다. 미나르는 유선도와 파이 원 지도를 발전시켰는데, 그의 지도 제작 방식은 이후의 프랑스 통계 지도첩 제작에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤다.

Recently the market of the food waste disposer has increased. Therefore, many companies in the development of food garbage disposer has been increasing interest. In this study, we used QFD (Quality Function Development) to find out the quality factors for the development of the food waste disposer reflecting the consumer needs. HOQ (House Of Quality) showing the correlation between consumer characteristic and engineering characteristic was written by investigating the consumer needs based on the consumer complaints and survey. In addition, we generated the CTQ (Critical To Quality) reflecting the weighting of the importance of the parts. As the research result, the important quality factors for the food garbage disposer were the grinding capability, drying, and odor emission features. The crushing motor associated with grinding and dehydration appeared as the most important quality factors among the parts. Second thing was the fan motor associated with odor. The findings will be able to contribute to the development of the food waste disposer reflecting the consumer needs.

Enterobacteria were isolated in the gut of the predacious multicolored Asian ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis, and their effects to the development of H axyridis were examined. Populations of H axyridis in this experiment were collected from Kimjae at Cheonbuk province (JK population), Geumsan at Chungnam province (CK population) and laboratory population at Laboratory of Insect Physiology in Chungnam National University, Daejeon. Thirty-four enterobacteria isolates were purified and isolated from the digestive tract of H. axyridis, and a total of 4 strains were classified into group by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. About 70% of total isolates were phylogenetic groups of Bacillus genus and Staphylococcus genus, and they were commonly separated from the digestive tract of H. axyridis. After investigating their susceptibility against antibiotics with 18 representative enterobacteria isolates, ofloxacin and penicillin were selected for examination in this study of their ability to inhibit the growth of all of isolates. In order to remove the enterobacteria from the aphids, ofloxacin and penicillin were given to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi. These aphids were provided to H. axyridis as prey. The weight of pupa, developmental periods of each larval instar, the number of eggs and their hatching ratio of H. axyridis with treatment aphids were lower compared with non-treatment aphids. Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a representative enterobacteria and commonly isolated from the digestive tract of H. axyridis. In the absence of S. saprophyticus, the developmental periods of each larval instar increased, however, the weights of pupa, the number of eggs, and their hatching ratio decreased.