Oligochaetes distribute widely in freshwater ecosystem, and some species are used as bioindicators for water quality assessment because they are tolerant to organic enrichment. They are acknowledged for potential for environmental health recovery of organic polluted environment. There are a lot of studies on ecology and toxicity assessment using oligochaetes in aquatic environment. In this study, we reviewed literature on ecotoxicology of aquatic oligochaetes. We searched literature from a database ‘google scholar’ by using keywords such as aquatic, oligochaete, and toxicity. The literature were summarized according to publication years, species, test methods, and chemicals. We obtained 133 articles published from 1953 to 2015 from the database. Among them, 58 papers (43.6% of total) have been published in 1990s. Three species (Lumnbriculus variegatus, Tubifex tubifex, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) have been used most frequently in the study. Different species displayed different toxicological responses to different toxic chemicals. The results on the ecotoxicological study with aquatic oligochaetes revealed the possibility of the development for early warning system using aquatic oligochaetes to monitor aquatic ecosystem disturbance.

목적 : 본 연구는 2011년부터 2015년까지 게재된 대한작업치료학회지의 연구를 중심으로 최근 작업치료 의 주요 연구 분야와 동향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2011년 3월부터 2015년 12월까지 대한작업치료학회지에 수록된 총 206편의 논문을 대상으 로 연구형태, 질적 수준, 연구대상자, 연구분야 등을 분석하였다. 결과 : 분석결과 최근 5년 동안 대한작업치료학회지에 투고된 논문들의 연구형태는 기술적 연구가 전체의 45.1%로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 실험연구, 평가도구 연구, 고찰연구 순이었다. 연구의 질적 수준은 4단 계가 전체의 56.8%로 가장 많았고, 연구 설계는 조사연구와 평가도구 개발 및 신뢰도, 타당도 연구 순 으로 나타났다. 연구대상은 성인, 노인, 아동 순이었고, 연구대상자로는 성인과 노인분야에서 뇌졸중이 가장 많았으며, 아동은 뇌성마비, 전반적 발달장애, 지적장애 순으로 나타났다. 연구의 독립변인으로 인 지치료와 작업기반 작업치료가 가장 많이 사용되었고, 종속변인으로 상지기능과 심리사회적 요인이 가장 많이 측정하였다. 기술적 조사 연구의 주제는 작업치료정책 및 관련연구, 일상생활활동, 인지영역에 대한 조사 순으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 최근 5년간 대한작업치료학회지에 게재된 연구의 형태와 수준, 연구대상자, 연구분 야로 나누어 연구동향을 파악할 수 있었다. 이는 추후 한국작업치료의 연구방향과 교육방향을 계획하는 데 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

담수 무척추동물은 다양성, 풍부성, 생태계 대표성, 민감성, 채집의 용이성 등의 특성으로 담수 환경을 평가하는 지표생물로서 널리 이용되어 왔다. 담수 무척추동물을 이용한 수환경 평가는 1960년대에 국내에 도입된 이래 1980년대 이후 지속된 범국가적 모니터링 사업에 힘입어 비약적인 발전을 하였다. 주로 하천을 대상으로 개발된 생물지수는 저서성 대형무척추동물의 종다양도지수(Shannon diversity)를 적용한 방법, 오수생물지수(Saprobic Index), 종합생물점 수(TBS), 군오염도지수(GPI), 저서무척추동물 생태점수(ESB), 한국오수생물지수(KSI), 저서동물지수(BMI), BMWP-K, 다변수 메트릭을 이용한 수질평가법(KB-IBI), 하천생물지수(SBI)등 다양한 평가방법이 개발되었다. 본 강연에서는 국내에서 개발된 생물지수를 고찰하고, 습지, 강 본류, 댐호, 퇴적물 등 특이 서식처에 적용되는 생물지수 연구의 최신 동향과 과제를 논의하고자 한다.

Recently, corporate environment is faced with uncertainty that did not suffer in the past. In addition, as the supply chain was expanded and lengthened, the flow of information and material was complicated. Increase in complexity which amplifies the variability of the individual steps in supply chains further adds to the uncertainty. The bullwhip effect that refers the phenomenon where order variability increases as the orders move upstream in the supply chain became serious. The bullwhip effect is more and more important especially for the enterprise in the supply chain. So, there are many studies now since it was observed about 100 years ago. The aim of this paper is to analyze how to solve the bullwhip effect by using TRIZ (Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadach). TRIZ is one of the most famous tools for creative solving that applied in many fields ranging from management as well as engineering. Among problems, the dilemma needs creative solutions that require handling the contradictions inherent in that. Among various kinds of problem solving techniques, TRIZ provides the concept of physical contradiction as a common problem solving principle. This study provides a simple process of solving problem explains a case of solving problem in the management field and shows the availability of theory in the inventory control. In accordance with the proposed solving process, the paper analyzes the bullwhip effect by applying the TRIZ tools and then identifies the solution directions. Next, the current studies are classified by the above analysis and important managerial concepts are proposed. Lastly, directions for future research on this area are suggested.

A confined space means places where the risk of damage to health caused by lack of oxygen or hazardous gases in inadequate ventilation conditions and the risk of fire and explosion caused by flammable substances. Asphyxiation accidents in a confined space occured every year and also occurred more than two people at the same time. In this study, we surveyed the domestic statistical data occurred the lack of oxygen in confined space for the last 10 years(2006-2015) and, analyzed the accident by industries sector, workplace size etc. 17 fatal work accidents that occurred in confined spaces in Korea between 2013 and 2015 were investigated and analyzed using the database of the KOSHA and suggested interventions to minimize asphyxiation accidents in confined spaces. This paper is expected to be used to establish interventions planning and training as a preventive measures in workplace having confined spaces.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the studies that included simulation based learning for nursing students in Korea. Methods: We searched for published and unpublished researches using electronic Korean database such as RISS, KISTI/NDSL, the National Library of Korea, KERIS, KISS, DBpia, Hakjisa, and Google scholar. The term for nursing, simulation, and scenario were entered as key words. Result: Total 42 studies were included and categorized in final. The major subject of simulation based learning was adult nursing for 3rd and 4th grade nursing students using high fidelity simulators. For applying the simulation based learning, 3-6 students were designated as a team. The most evaluation components were knowledge, clinical performance and satisfaction on simulation based learning. Conclusion: The results provide that the main theme or scenarios for simulation based learning in nursing students were varied and detailed according to clinical situation. However, the qualification for instructors should be reported in studies for simulation based leaning in nursing.

This study was conducted to investigate the health effects of the general components of acorns in animals. In Korea, acorns have been used as food material in the form of acorn starch. Acorns contain tannin, gallic acid, digallic acid, and gallotannin. Therefore, the health effects of acorns as functional food are actively being studied. The chemical composition of acorns may vary according to the harvest time, region, and breed. Acorns have excellent antioxidant properties and might be beneficial in controlling hyperlipidemia, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and dementia, as well as strengthening immune competence. Further study is necessary to better understand the benefits of acorns, as it is expected to represent a large part of the food industry.

Compound ideographs (會意, Hui Yi) are formed by two or more phonetic or semantic parts. But when both parts are radicals, how should we classify the character? This issue involves not just identification of the syntax, but also the context. In other words, the issues lies in how the radical of a compound ideograph signifies the meaning of the character through the logic of the radical and what role the radical plays in the overall definition of the character. This has been a puzzling issue to many and calls for in-depth exploration. Classification of Chinese character radicals can be divided into two major systems; philology principles and dictionary reference principles. The former is mainly based on the meaning and supplemented by the form. This radical system emerged from the Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字), emphasizing the relationship between the radical and the subordinate part in terms of the structure and semantics. The latter is mainly based on the form and supplemented by meaning. This system emerged from Wujing Wenzi. The “Li Bu (立部)” and “Gui Bu (歸部)” classification system used in the Kangxi Dictionary, on the other hand, follows the principle, “Easy to reference with logical grouping of semantics without contradicting the intended meaning given by the creator.” This principle was an attempt to integrate the systems of philology principle-based and dictionary reference principle-based radical systems. Based on the above, this research studies the “Gui Bu” classification of compound ideographs, focusing on the “frequently-used characters” published by the Ministry of Education, with an attempt to clarify the issues relating to the “Gui Bu” classification of the commonly-used compound ideographs in the Shuowen Jiezi and Kangxi Dictionary.

본 연구에서는 해양플랜트 산업의 가치사슬 및 수명주기 연구를 통해 해양 자원개발 비즈니스의 포괄적인 형상을 파악하였고 해양프로젝트 검증 목적의 시뮬레이션을 위해 조립 및 인간공학 시뮬레이션에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 구체적으로는 조립 시뮬레이션의 경우 드릴쉽을 대상으로 탑재공정에 대한 조립 시뮬레이션을 통해 공정에 대한 유효성 검증을 수행할 수 있었고, 인간공학 시뮬레이션의 경우 FPSO 플랫폼을 대상으로 작업자 시뮬레이션을 통해 작업환경에서의 문제점을 사전에 도출할 수 있었다.

Taurine is one of the most abundant free β-amino acids in the human body that accounts for 0.1% of the human body weight. It has a sulfonic acid group in place of the more common carboxylic acid group. Mollusks and meat are the major dietary source of taurine, and mother`s milks also include high levels of this amino acid. The leukocytes, heart, muscle, retina, kidney, bone, and brain contain more taurine than other organs. Furthermore, taurine can be synthesized in the brain and liver from cysteine. There are no side effects of excessive taurine intake in humans; however, in case of taurine deficiency, retinal abnormalities, reduced plasma taurine concentration, and other abnormalities may occur. Taurine enters the cell via a cell membrane receptor. It is excreted in the urine (approximately 95%) and feces (approximately 5%). Taurine has a number of features and functions, including conjugation with bile acid, reduction of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, promotion of neuron cell differentiation and growth, antioxidant effects, maintenance of cell membrane stability, retinal development, energy generation, depressant effects, regulation of calcium level, muscle contraction and relaxation, bone formation, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-cancer and anti-atherogenic effects, and osmotic pressure control. However, the properties, functions, and effects of taurine require further studies in future.

This article provides a review of research published from 1990 to 2014 year on the effect of animal-assisted therapy as an animal-assisted intervention for dementia. Animal-assisted intervention is gaining popularity as part of therapy programs in residential aged care facilities. Humans and pet dogs respond to quiet interaction with a lowering of blood pressure and an increase in neurochemicals associated with relaxation and bonding. These effects may be of benefit in ameliorating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Current literature suggests that animal-assisted intervention may ameliorate behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, but the duration of the beneficial effect has not been explored. Future research employing more rigorous designs and systematically building upon a clearly defined line of inquiry is needed to advance our knowledge on the effect of animal-assisted intervention for dementia..

The low and intermediate-level radioactive waste generated in Korea is disposed of at Wolsong Disposal Facility. For the safety of a disposal facility, it must be assessed by considering some abnormal scenarios including human intrusion as well as those by natural phenomena. The human intrusion scenario is a scenario that an incognizant man of the disposal facility will be occurred by the drilling. In this paper, the well usage scenario was classified into the human intrusion event as the probability of the well drilling is very low during the man’s lifecycle and then was assessed by using conservative assumptions. This scenario was assessed using the dilution factor of contaminants released from a disposal facility and then it was introduced the applied methodology in this study. The assessed scenario using this methodology is satisfied the regulatory limits.

In this paper, even though there exist various problems to be solved in SCM field, we focus on problems arising from demand- supply discrepancy and introduce the concept of CPFR (Collaboration Planning Forecasting and Replenishment) as one solution for outstanding problems. Furthermore, by presenting a real CPFR project case between the S Company and V Company, we try to help potential benefactors of CPFR in two aspects : 1) how to implement CPFR, and 2) what they can expect from CPFR.