It has not been much known about that how much the properties of parental strains appear in the monokaryotic progeny of their basidiospores and the properties of monokaryotic progeny is transferred and expressed after mating with other monokaryotic progeny. To get a basic idea in the evaluation of shiitake strains that are subjectto be used for a breeding program, biochemical properties of monokaryotic strains generated from basidiospores of parental shiitake strains (Sanzo101 and Sanzo108) and hybrid strains generated from cross of these monokaryotic strains were examined. When amylase, avicelase, β-glucosidase, CM-cellulase, pectinase, proteinase, and xylanase were tested against monokaryotic strains generated from forty basidiospores of the two parental strains, No identical patterns of the degree of enzyme activity were observed between monokaryotic strains and parental strains of the two shiitake cultivars. The degree of extracellular enzyme activity also varied among monokaryotic strains of the two shiitake cultivars. Our results showed that dikaryotic parental strains of shiitake mushroom produce basidiospores having very diverse biochemical properties. Biochemical test of monokaryotic strains was useful for the comparative evaluation of parental strains. Biochemical test with hybrid strains formed with the combinational cross of monokaryotic strains that have different degree of extracellular activity showed that the property of monokaryotic strains is not expressed in the hybrid strains according to Mandelian principles. Tests of the ability of using diverse polymeric carbon sources, tolerance to copper and agrochemicals, and antagonistic property to Tricoderma atroviride also showed similar results

The magneto-transport properties of an individual single crystalline Bi nanowire grown by aspontaneous growth method are reported. A four-terminal device based on an individual 400-nm-diameternanowire was successfully fabricated using a plasma etching technique that removed an oxide layer that hadformed on the surface of the nanowire. Large transverse ordinary magnetoresistance (1401%) and negativelongitudinal ordinary magnetoresistance (−38%) were measured at 2K. It was observed that the period ofShubnikov-de Haas oscillations in transverse geometry was 0.074T−1, 0.16T−1 and 0.77T−1, which is in goodagreement with those of bulk Bi. However, it was found that the period of SdH oscillation in longitudinalgeometry is 0.24T−1, which is larger than the value of 0.16T−1 reported for bulk Bi. The deviation is attributableto the spatial confinement arising from scattering at the nanowire surface boundary.

  Process Capability indices (PCIs) have been widely used in manufacturing industries to provide a quantitative measure of process performance. PCIs have been developed to represent process capability more exactly. In the previous studies, only one design

느타리버섯의 품종 다양화를 위해 단핵균주교잡에 의해 육성된 적단느타리버섯의 주요특성은 다음과 같다. 가. 균사생장적온은 26∼30℃이고 버섯발생 및 생육온도는 18∼23℃이었다. 나. 갓의 형태는 깊은깔대기형이며 다발형이고, 대는 가늘고 짧은형이며 갓, 대 모두 분홍색을 나타내었다. 다. 병재배시 배양일수는 20℃에서 20일, 초발이소요일수는 18∼20℃재배조건에서 4일이며 생육일수는 4일이 소요되었다. 봉지재배에서는 균배양일수는 22일, 초발이 소요일수는 6일, 생육일수는 5일정도 소요되었다. 라. 버섯의 균일성에 있어서 갓색과 갓형태의 이형개체 발생은 없었고, 균사생장량 및 종균배양기간에서도 지역간 균일한 결과를 나타내었다. 마. 농가실증시험 결과 유효개체수는 850cc병재배시는 31.5개이며, 2kg 봉지재배시 47개체수를 얻었으며 수량은 병재배시 134.5g, 봉지재배시 350.0g의 수량을 얻었다.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the theme of The Only Jealousy of Emer, one of W. B. Yeats's 'Cuchulain plays'. The central action of the play is the struggle of three women—Emeer, Eithne Inguba and Fand—for possession of Cuchulain. Unlike Eithne Inguba's confused, cowardly action, Emer's behavior is brave as well as insightful. And as the chorus suggests, Fand's allurements are transitory. Fand's metallic allurement contrasts with Emer's passionate suffering. Fand wants to catch him to fulfill herself, not to aid in his salvation. Emer is more courageous than Eithne Inguba, more self-sacrificing than Fand, and more forgiving than Aoife. Emer's love for her husband transfigures her, whereas Aoife's vindictive hatred for Cuchulain costs them their only child. Emer is certainly a Yeatsian heroine who performs as nobly as Deirdre or Cuchulain. Yeats's most immediate source for his Cuchulain plays was Lady Gregory's Cuchulain of Muirthemne, but he significantly altered the source to serve his purposes. Emer's thwarted desire to attack Fand with her knife is one of the few links between Yeats's source and his much changed finished work of art. From this primitive tale of vengeance and jealousy, Yeats created a sophisticated drama of mental suffering and self-sacrifice. A second major change in the source involves Cuchulain's recollection of Fand's attempt to ensnare his soul. Both his fear upon awakening and his later praise of Emer for saving him suggest that he is glad of his deliverance, not despondent over the loss of Fand. Yeats's greatest modification came in his treatment of Emer's temperament. Instead of the jealous wife of seeking vengeance for herself, she is jealous only for her husband's well-being. By renouncing the love of the man she needs to end her loneliness, Emer proves herself superior to the source heroine. In the final version, Yeats dramatized, through Emer's hope for the return of Cuchulain's love for her, through her initial inability to give up her hope of winning back his love, and through her final renunciation of his love, the depth of her love and the extent of her sacrifice.

Four dietary fiber enriched menus for the aged were developed and physicochemical were analyzed. Major foods enriching the dietary fiber were as following; kimchi & bean sprouts soup and sweet potato for menu 1, chamcheunamul and grape for menu 2, mushroom and kimchi for menu 3, dried radish leaves and green pepper for menu 4. One portion of calorie, carbohydrate, protein and fats for the aged were calculated as 567 kcal, 92.8 g, 21.3 g and 12.6 g, respectively based on recommended daily allowances for adults. Dietary fiber content increased in the menus 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 17.27%, 20.84%, 16.91%, and 23.64%, respectively. The menu 1 had significantly the highest acceptance scores among the rice, soups, side dishes and overall desirability with the acceptance sores of 4.77, 4.58, 4.62 and 4.69, respectively(p<0.05). Female showed significantly the higher acceptance scores of all of the enriched fiber menu than those of male. Moisture contents of the boiled rice with barely in menu 3 had significantly the highest value of all(p<0.05) and the side dishes of all menus did not show any significant differences at p<0.05. The pH value of boiled rice with barely in menu 3 was significantly the highest and menu 1 of kimchi & bean sprouts soup had significantly the lowest pH values(p<0.05). Hunter L value was significantly the highest in boiled rice with barley. The dietary fiber enriched menus were successfully developed for application and standardization in the meal service planning for the aged as one of trials of basic data collection.

느타리는 4극성 자웅이주성으로 단포자분리주는 단핵으로 자실체를 형성하지 못하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 단포자분리주는 2종류로 구분되었는데 하나는 자실체를 완전히 형성하지 못하는 AHF형 (abortive homokaryotic fruiting, AHF) 이며, 나머지 하나는 원기형성 후 완전한 자실체로 발달하는 PHF형 (Pseudo- homokaryotic fruiting, PHF)이었다. 느타리 8개 계통으로부터 단포자분리주 155개를 얻어 단핵체 자실체를 유도하여 이중에서102개임성체를 얻었으며, 이는 65.8%에 해당되었다. 단핵 자실체는 이핵체 모균주에 비해 대부분 자실체가 빈약하였으나 일부 모균주와 유사한 크기의 자실체도 발생하였다. 이들 단핵 임성균주를 이용하여 계통간 교잡조합 11개에서 535 교잡체와 비임성균주간 교잡체 79개를 얻어 톱밥병재배를 하여 자실체 생산력을 모균주와 조사 비교하였다. 자실체 생육일수는 임성주가 비임성주간 교잡 집단에 비해 빨랐다. 병당 유효경수는 임성체간 교잡주가 모균주나 비임성교잡체보다 많았으며, 대길이도 두 집단에 비해 길었다. 그러나 대굵기와 자실체 개체중은 3개 집단간 거의 차이가 없었다. 단핵 임성체간 교잡주 집단의 병당자실체 수량이 비임성간과 모균주 집단보다 높은 경향이었다. 모균주 집단의 자실체 수량지수를 100으로 하였을 때 임성체간 교잡체 집단은 105, 비임성간 교잡체 집단은 86으로 나타났다. 특히 2194 × 2344 조합은 59.95%, 2194 × 2730 조합은 27.39%, 1982 × 2504 조합은 22.43% 양친균주보다 자실체 수량이 증수되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 단핵 임성체를 이용한 우수 균주개발 가능성은 높다고 할 것이다.

Numerical analysis was conducted to characterize the particle charging quantities in the charging cell of a 2-stage parallel-plate electrostatic precipitator with respect to particle size. The numerical method took into consideration of particle charging rate equations and particle equations of motion, allowing the locally varying non-uniform electric field and ion number concentration along the particle trajectory. The charging rate model developed by Lawless (1996) was used in the present study. According to the present study, the numerical results showed good agreement with the available experimental data.

본 논문에서는 불필요한 용액의 발생이 없이 전해 반응계로 주입되는 용액을 오직 pH 만 조절시켜 배출시키기 위한 연속식 이온교환막 전해 시스템을 개발하였다. 여기서는 전해 반응기 앞에 한 pH-조정조를 두고 대상 용액을 pH-조정조로 주입하면서 pH-조정조의 용액의 일부를 이온 교환막에 따라 음극방 또는 양극방으로 거처 다시 pH-조정조로 순환하게 하며, pH-조정조의 용액의 일부를 상대극 방으로 통과시킴으로써 pH가 조절되어 배출되게 하였다. 양이온 교환막을 사용하는 경우 음극방을 거치는 용액을 pH-조정조로 순환하게 하고, 음이온 교환막을 사용하는 경우 양극방을 거치는 용액을 pH-조정조로 순환하게 함으로서 배출되는 용액을 효과적으로 산성용액 또는 알카리용액으로 만들 수 있었다. 이러한 전해반응기에서 pH 조절 과정은 음극과 양극 사이에 전압 차가 형성될 시, 이온교환막을 통한 용액 중 이온의 전기이동 현상에 의해 유발되는 음극방과 양극방에서 용액의 전하 비 평형 현상과 이에 따른 물의 전해 분해과정에 의해 설명되었다.

This paper considers a single machine scheduling problem where the machine is shared by multiple sub-production systems. Each sub-production systems has heterogeneous local objectives (e.g., minimization of total completion time, maximum tardiness and makespan). In a distributed manufacturing environment, no sub-production system has complete information (e.g., processing time, due date) of the entire system. This paper provides a distributed scheduling method to find close-to-optimal coordination on the shared machine using minimum local information sharing among sub-production systems. The proposed method is compared to pareto solution that can be found in a centralized environment.

Highly crosslinked micron-size monodispersed PMMA/PDVB and PS/PDVB particles were prepared using seeded multi-stage emulsion polymerization. PMMA and PS seed particles were synthesized by seeded multi-stage emulsion polymerization and soap-free emulsion polymerization. Then PMMA/PDVB and PS/PDVB particles were obtained using semi-batch type emulsion polymerized using divinyl benzene as a cross-linkable monomer in the presence of seed particles. PMMA particles with size of ca. 730 nm and polydispersity of 1.03 were successfully prepared in this experiment. PS particles with size of ca. 1.5 μm and polydispersity of 1.01 were prepared in this experiment. Highly crosslinked PS/PDVB particles with size of ca. 1.3 μm and polydispersity of 1.00 were obtained.