통일신라시대의 석성이란 무엇인가. 삼국시대와 고려시대 석성과는 어떤 다른 점이 있는 것인가. 결국 기준이 되는 것은 석축으로 쌓은 성벽과 출토유물의 조합일 것이다. 유물이 어 떤 층위와 맥락속에서 출토되었는지도 중요한 점이다. 이 논문은 통일신라시대 서울·경기 지역에 분포한 12개 석성을 분석 유적으로 삼았고, 외벽, 기단보축, 보축성벽, 치성, 출토유 물과 층위를 종합적으로 파악해 통일신라시대 석성의 특징을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이 중에서 가장 주목되는 것은 보축성벽이며, 서울·경기지역 통일신라시대 석성에서 새 롭게 나타나는 특징 중에 하나라고 알려져 있다. 보축성벽의 출현은 아마도 삼국이 통일된 이후 방어적인 기능과 성곽의 위계를 나타낼 수 있는 기재가 필요했을 것이다. 이는 서울· 경기지역의 중심 지역인 한산주(한주)의 주성인 이성산성에서 가장 치석이 잘 되고, 형태적 으로도 견고하고 미적으로 뛰어난 보축성벽이 이를 말해 주는 것 같다. 보축성벽과 함께 치성 변화가 있다. 계단형 보축성벽의 축조방식을 치성의 하단부(기단) 에 적용하고 상단부터는 수직기둥홈에 나무를 세워 상단부 외벽을 수직으로 쌓은 치성이 등 장한다. 이러한 치성은 아차산성 3차 치성에서 등장하고 이후 계양산성 치성(고려시대)으로 이어진다. 이번 분석 대상에서 빠진 서울·경기지역의 석성과 더 나아가 통일신라 한산주(한주)의 영역까지 차후 분석하여 통일신라시대의 석성 특징과 변화의 원인을 밝혀보고자 한다.

In this study, 294 housewives in Siheung, Gyeonggi-do, were surveyed to evaluate the differences in the recognition and use of nutrition labeling according to age and to present data for nutrition education. The younger the age, the more aware the consumer was of the information on the nutrition label. Housewives who were younger than 60 years were more likely to check the nutrition labels. The lower the age, the higher the reliance on the nutritional labeling content of the food, and the higher the recognition level of nutritional labeling. It was found that the lower the age, the easier it was for the consumer to understand the nutritional labeling. Among housewives in their 30s and younger, 89.5 percent said they believed checking nutrition labels would help their health. In the younger age group knowledge and information on nutrition labeling was acquired from the internet, and in the older age group, knowledge was acquired from television, radio, and newspapers. Research conducted on housewives in other regions in the future could provide more detailed information suitable for the population of each region. This would serve as data for nutrition education on the recognition and use of nutrition labeling for a healthy diet.

In this study, we detected the presence of residual pesticides in 341 agricultural products collected from local food outlets in western Gyeonggi Province. Residual pesticides were detected in 105 (30.8%) samples. Six samples exceeded the legal limits for residual pesticides, resulting in a non-compliance rate of 1.8%, which was slightly higher than the average non-compliance rate of 1.4% in the last three years. Among the tested agricultural products, only fruits and vegetables were found to have pesticide residues, with 24 of 34 fruits (a detection rate of 70.6%) and 81 of 277 vegetables (a detection rate of 29.2%) testing positive. In total, 59 types of pesticides, including acetamiprid, which was detected 208 times, were detected and had a detection range of 0.01–2.38 mg/kg. Among the 105 agricultural products containing pesticide residues, a single pesticide was detected in 62 samples (59%) and two or more pesticides were detected in 43 samples (41%). In particular, 14 pesticides were detected in the same sample of peaches; dinotefuran was detected 21 times. Upon examining the toxicity of the detected pesticides, Class III pesticides (moderate toxicity) were detected 44 times (21.2%) and Class IV pesticides (low toxicity) were detected 164 times (78.8%). Class I, II, and III pesticides with fish toxicity were detected 68 (32.7%), 14 (6.7%), and 126 times (60.6%), respectively. Upon examining the exposure to high-frequency pesticide components detected five or more times, the hazard index was found to be ≤2.8%. Accordingly, the hazard of residual pesticides based on dietary intake was deemed insignificant.

This study compares and analyzes changes in users’ perceptions of industrial catering food service quality before and after COVID-19. The survey enrolled 226 subjects at five industrial catering establishments in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province; a total of 204 customers with complete data were included in the final analysis. Factor analysis was conducted to verify convergence validity and construct reliability; results pertaining to ‘service and environmental hygiene’ and ‘quality of food’ were extracted. Among the general variables of food service quality, differences were obtained in the user’s perceptions of food service qualities according to gender, education, and marital status. Our results revealed that women, low education, and married people perceived significant differences in all attributes before and after COVID-19. Additionally, varied altered perceptions were determined for service quality according to the occupations of the subjects. However, no differences were obtained for pleasant dining environment in the ‘service and environmental hygiene factor’ and variety of desserts in the ‘food quality factor’.

본고는 생계경제의 변화에 따라 취락 점유 방식이 어떻게 변화하는지 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 생 계경제의 전환 과정에서 사용된 도구 중 석기는 다양한 활동에 사용되고, 잔존율이 높아 당시 생계경 제 변화 과정을 추적하는데 효과적이다. 따라서 경기지역 청동기시대 취락의 생계경제를 살펴보기 위 해 주거지에서 출토되는 석기도구에 주목하여 지역별, 시기별 조성비의 변화를 검토하였다. 그리고 이러한 시기별, 지역별 생계경제의 차이가 취락에 어떻게 반영되는지 함께 살펴보고자 하였다. 경기지역의 취락은 생계경제 전략에 적합한 방식으로 점유 양상이 변화한다. 생계경제의 변화를 검 토한 결과 경기지역은 전기 전반에 복합 생계 활동을 했던 것으로 판단된다. 세부 지역별로 차이가 있 으나 전기 전반에는 수렵·채집에 사용되는 도구의 비율이 높아 이동 생활의 비중이 높았을 것으로 판단되며, 이로 인해 장기 점유의 필요성이 낮았을 것으로 보인다. 중기에는 생계경제에서 농경의 비중이 증가하는 것으로 판단된다. 전기 후반부터 전체 석기 도구 중 농경구의 비중이 증가하기 시작하는데, 중기 단계가 되면 농경구의 비율이 최대로 확인되며 채집 활동과 같은 이동이 필요한 생계 활동은 감소하는 것으로 보인다. 농업 생산물을 증대하기 위해 당시 인구는 장기 점유를 하며 관개시설과 같은 생산 설비와 농지를 관리할 필요성이 증가했을 것이다. 따 라서 농업 생산량 증대에 적합한 점유 방식을 채택해 점유를 이어나갔을 것으로 추정된다. 후기가 되면 농경구의 수량이 전체적으로 감소하고 수렵, 채집, 어로 활동에 필요한 도구의 비율이 증가한다. 따라서 농경 중심의 생계경제에서 복합 생계경제로 변화하면서 장기 점유의 필요성이 감소 했을 것으로 생각된다.

This study aimed to investigate pesticide residues in 160 stalk and stem vegetables marketed in Northern Gyeonggi-do. The QuEChERS method using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS was employed to analyze the residues of 341 pesticides in the samples. The maximum or lower than the residue limit was recorded in 75 samples (46.9%), while 4 samples (2.5%) exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). Thirty-nine kinds of residual pesticides were detected including fungicides (14), insecticides (22), herbicides (2), and plant growth regulator (1). Carbendazim and pendimethalin were the most frequelntly detected pesticides. Fenitrothion, procymidone, and diazinon exceeded MRL in garlic chives, and Welsh onion. This indicated that these vegetables along with water celery should be constantly monitored.

각형토기(角形土器)는 동체가 팽만하고 좁은 저부를 가진 기형을 중심으로 팽이와 흡사한 형태적 특징을 보인다.‘각형(角形)’이란 토기 명칭은 기형적 특징을 반영한 것으로 남한 내 무문토기의 명칭이 대표 출토지를 중심으로 부여된 점과 차이를 보인다. 이러한 명칭 차이는 남한 내 주요 토기가 아니란 인식에 따라 통일된 명칭을 부여할 필요성을 인지하지 못했기 때문으로 본다. 본고는 최근 경기 서북부지역에서 각형토기의 출토에 주목하면서 이 지역의 무문토기 출토양상을 검토하고자 한다. 이러한 목적 하에 기존 각형토기를 남한의 토기문화유형과 같이 대표적 출토지를 바탕으로‘신흥동식 토기’라 명명한다. 지역 내 전반적인 문화유형 양상을 규명하고자 경기 서북부지역 중 강화, 김포, 검단의 무문토기시 대 취락 현황을 검토하였다. 그 결과 김포와 검단은 역삼동문화유형권이며, 김포에서 흔암리식토기의 출토는 부재(不在)에 가까운 점을 확인하였다. 나아가 지역 내 각 토기의 출토 현황, 각 형식별 토기가 단독으로 출토된 주거지 사례 등을 살펴본 결과 지역마다 출토양상에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 문화유형을 기반으로 이 지역에서 출토된 이중구연토기의 계통성을 확인하고자 토기의 명목형·연속형 속성을 구분하여 검토하였다. 명목형 속성은 토기 구연부 문양을 중심으로 Ⅰ식 토기문 양(이중구연+사선 조합)과 Ⅱ식 토기문양(흔암리식토기)으로 구분된다. Ⅰ식 토기문양은 대동강유역 에서 출토된 신흥동식 토기문양과의 관련성을 중심으로 세분하고, Ⅱ식 토기문양은 이 지역에서 주로 출토된 문양을 중심으로 세분하였다. 연속형 속성은 이중구연의 길이, 이중구연 두께, 사선길이, 이중 구연 접합부 두께를 중심으로 계측이 가능한 토기 71점을 검토하였다. 경기 서북부지역은 남한 내 북쪽에 위치하며 서해안을 따라 다양한 유입 경로를 갖기에 북한과의 관계성을 간과할 수 없을 것이다. 궁극적으로 당시 무문토기문화가 단순하지 않으며 다양한 경로의 이주 및 유입으로 인한 혼재된 문화양상을 지녔을 것으로 본다.

This study was conducted to help manage total floating bacteria and fungi in the indoor air by studying the characteristics of total floating bacteria and fungi according to the indoor CO2 concentration of daycare centers. The sampling and analysis of samples was based on the indoor air quality process test method, and the result analysis was conducted using the SPSS statistical program to perform correlation and regression analysis. Correlation and regression results show that CO2 and total airborne bacteria showed positive relationships, but airborne mold did not show relevance. In addition, in order to identify factors affecting airborne mold, correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed regarding total airborne bacteria, PM10, PM2.5, HCHO, outdoor mold, I/O ratio, indoor temperature/ humidity, area per classroom and volume. The results showed that the factors affecting airborne mold were I/O ratio, outdoor airborne mold, and total airborne bacteria. Research results show that CO2 and total airborne bacteria can be reduced and controlled by natural ventilation, and in the case of airborne mold, mechanical forced ventilation such as hoods will be necessary due to the introduction of outdoor airborne mold. In addition, it is necessary to consider I/O ratio criteria in order to confirm effective indoor mold contamination, taking into account the effect of outdoor mold inflow.

This study was conducted to understand the type of use and satisfaction of delivery food by Chinese and Korean students. In December 2019, Korean and Chinese students living in Gyeonggi Province were analyzed using SPSS. The average number of food deliveries was 1~2 times a month and used 30.7% of the Korean students and 21.8% of the Chinese students. As for how to order food for delivery, 62.2% of Korean college students took up mobile apps, and 49.0% of Chinese students took up mobile phones. In terms of satisfaction after using delivery food, Korean students scored 3.89 points for taste and 3.74 points for using a neat and convenient packaging container, while Chinese students showed the highest score of 3.69 points for past eating experiences and 3.65 points for taste. As for the factors influencing the satisfaction after using the delivered food, the food quality satisfaction (β=0.518) for Korean students and favorable menu factor (β=0.533) for Chinese students were found. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to continuously improve the quality, service, convenience and diversity of delivered food, and health and safety factors in order to improve the delivery patterns and satisfaction of college students.

This study examined the dietary habits and nutrition quotient (NQ) scores according to leftover food during school meal services among middle school students in the Gyeonggi region. A survey on the dietary habits was conducted among 405 male and female middle school students located in Seongnam City, Gyeonggi Province. The amount of leftover food in the school meals was surveyed using the visual method through a questionnaire over two days. The survey was conducted from July 8, 2019, to July 12, 2019. After calculating the average total leftovers of each student over the two days, they were categorized into the following three groups: the top third was the large leftover group. The middle third was the medium leftover group, and the lower third was the small leftover group. The characteristics of the groups that had leftovers were analyzed. Female, normal-weight, and underweight students accounted for a greater proportion of the large leftover group than male, overweight, and obese students. The rates of selective eating and compliance with new food intake were significantly lower in the large leftover group than in the small leftover group. A comparison of the nutrition quotient for the adolescent (NQ-A) scores of each group revealed significantly lower scores of the large leftover group for all factors (balance, moderation, food diversity, practice, and environment) than the small leftover group. Therefore, there are statistically significant differences in the dietary habits, nutritional quality, and eating behaviors of middle school students that are associated with the amount of leftover food during school meals.

본 연구는 도서식물자원인 소사나무의 식물군집구조 분석을 통해 소사나무림의 서식지 외 보전 및 서식환경 등의 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 군집구조 분석을 위하여 소사나무가 출현하는 석모도, 영종도, 영흥도 및 대부도를 대상으로 총 29개의 방형구(각 100㎡)를 설치 및 조사하였다. 군집분류는 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification 분석을 하였다. 군집분류 결과 소사나무-졸참나무 군락(Ⅰ), 소사나무-소나무 군락(Ⅱ), 소사나무-신갈나무 군락(Ⅲ), 소사나무-팥배나무 군락(Ⅳ), 소사나무 전형군락(Ⅴ), 소사나무-굴참나무 군락(Ⅵ) 등 총 6개의 군락으로 분류되었다. 종다양도는 0.90008~1.12868, 우점도는 0.17536~0.25665이며, 유사도지수는 17.1429~38.2979%이었다. 군락별 7개 환경인자를 RDA ordination로 상관관 계 분석한 결과 제 1축은 울폐도 및 낙엽층 깊이가 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 암석노출도, 토양경도 및 해발고도는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 제 2축은 암석노출도와 울폐도가 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 경사도는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 군락 Ⅰ(소사나무-졸참나무 군락)은 주로 울폐도 및 낙엽층 깊이가 식생분포에 영향을 미치는 환경인자로 나타났다. 군락 Ⅱ(소사나 무-소나무 군락)와 군락 Ⅲ(소사나무-신갈나무 군락)은 경사도가 식생분포에 영향을 미치는 환경인자로 나타났으며, 군락 Ⅳ(소사나무-팥배나무 군락), 군락 Ⅴ(소사나무 전형군락)와 군락 Ⅵ(소사나무-굴참나무 군락)은 암석노출도, 해발고도, 토양 경도 등이 식생분포에 영향을 미치는 환경인자로 나타났다.

This study was conducted to investigate the temperatures inside and outside the pot as well as the quality characteristics of traditional Doenjang made by seven different farmers, in the Gyeonggi province during fermentation. The outside temperature of each region in the province was 5 to 10℃ higher in one place, in which fermentation took place inside the glass greenhouse, compared to other regions, while six other places showed similar changes in temperature. The moisture contents of the samples decreased according to the progress of the fermentation period from 53.6~62.3% to 51.0~58.5%. The salinity generally increased from 9.7~14.2% to 10.6~16.3% except for samples B and D, which declined from 17.0~17.2% to 16.6~16.9%. The amino-type nitrogen contents increased from 180.3~557.8 mg% to 437.3~840.7 mg%. The ammonia-type nitrogen contents decreased from 116.3~561.9 mg% to 70.7~149.2 mg%. Overall, the color of Doenjang was similar, but sample E had higher a and b values than the other regions, and the total bacterial count in the entire region was similar.

This study was performed to evaluate the odor occurrence of offensive leather odor in a district in Gyeonggi-do, where Jeil industrial complex is located, and its residential district, by using olfactory field frequency measurement (Gird Method). In addition, we measured the composite odor. The target points were 9 spots in Jeil industrial complex and 12 spots in the residential district, and we conducted the measurements 13 times each spot. As a result, odor occurrence in descending order was investigated as follows, leather industry > drug industry > food industry. Moreover, odor exposure of the industrial complex exceeded the industrial zone standard of 0.15 (=German odor standard) in all 9 spots (average 0.78). In addition, odor exposure of the residential district exceeded the residential zone standard of 0.10 (=German odor standard) in 12 spots (average 0.78). All the composite odors were below 20 (industrial zone standard). However, as the odor intensity of the sampling site and the lab analysis data showed a large deviation, we found that much supplementation is needed of the odor analysis techniques in the equipment measurement methods.

This study was performed to provide fundamental data on the dietary habits and food purchase types according to the stress patterns. The subject was 312 Chinese students in Gyeonggi region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability analysis, the stress items showed an average of 2.91 and 0.846 for Cronbach alpha coefficient. The results of ANOVA analysis on the difference of dietary habits according to stress are as follows; There were significant differences for the meal frequency per day according to schoolwork, economic, general living, and dietary habits (p<0.05). Also, the general living pattern showed significant differences for the meal outside frequency and Chinese food intake (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA analysis on the difference of food purchase type according to stress are as follows; There was significant differences in degree of use of convenience foods according to interpersonal relationship, cooking method of convenience foods according to economics, the selection criteria of convenience foods according to schoolwork (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient of dietary habits and convenience food intake are 0.223, －0.147 in stress degree and dietary habits. In conclusion, I would like to provide the basic data necessary for the right choice of Chinese students' dietary habits and food purchases.

This study was conducted to compare solo eating perceptions and dietary behaviors in the Seoul and Gyonggi-do regions according to gender. The study focused on the dietary perceptions, solo eating, eating together, dietary habits, food intake patterns and 38 keywords pertaining to solo eating. Of 411 subjects, 207 (50.4%) were males and 204 (49.6%) were females. The biggest problem that respondents perceived in their dietary life was irregular eating. Women prepared meals more often than men (p<0.001) and ate more instant and frozen food than men (p<0.05). Both males and females missed breakfast most, and the amount of the population eating breakfast alone ranked second highest. Women had lunch alone more often than men, while men ate dinner alone more often than women (p<0.01). All respondents spent 5~15 min when eating alone. Women avoided excessive smoking and drinking more than men (p<0.001). Men related key words regarding solo eating with negative emotions such as ‘lonely’, ‘boring’, and ‘feel sorry when I see someone eating alone in a restaurant’ more than women. Conversely, women related more positive key words with eating alone such as ‘free’, ‘joy’, and ‘my own time’. Dietary lives of Koreans have rapidly changed along with social changes. Our research findings will contribute to increased comprehensive menu development and HMR development in the foodservice industry.