As demand grows for electric vehicles and advanced mobility technologies, developing materials for permanent magnets has become increasingly essential. Among them, SmCo-based permanent magnets are gaining attention due to their superior thermal stability compared to conventional NdFeB magnets, making them promising candidates for high-temperature motor applications. However, optimizing the magnetic properties of SmCo alloys remains challenging due to their complex phase structures and elemental interactions. In this study, we develop and optimize machine learning (ML) models to predict the saturation magnetization of SmCo permanent magnets using only composition-based descriptors. A dataset comprising various SmCo alloys was analyzed, with features extracted using Matminer and Pymatgen modules. We applied Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) models and compared their regression performance using R2 score and Root-mean-squared-error (RMSE). The RF model demonstrated the best generalization and prediction accuracy. To identify the most influential features, we used permutation feature importance. Further, we refined the feature set using a genetic algorithm (GA), ultimately selecting 9 key features that yielded the highest model performance (R2 = 0.963, RMSE = 4.22 emu/g). This study highlights the potential of combining machine learning with genetic optimization to accelerate the design of high-performance, thermally stable SmCo permanent magnets.

A high-pressure in-situ permeation measuring system was developed to evaluate the hydrogen permeation properties of polymer sealing materials in hydrogen environments up to 100 MPa. This system employs the manometric method, utilizing a compact and portable manometer to measure the permeated hydrogen over time, following high-pressure hydrogen injection. By utilizing a self-developed permeation-diffusion analysis program, this system enables precise evaluation of permeation properties, including permeability, diffusivity and solubility. To apply the developed system to high-pressure hydrogen permeation tests, the hydrogen permeation properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) materials containing silica fillers, specifically designed for gas seal in high-pressure hydrogen environments, were evaluated. The permeation measurements were conducted under pressure conditions ranging from 5 MPa to 90 MPa. The results showed that as pressure increased, hydrogen permeability and diffusivity decreased, while solubility remained constant regardless of pressure. Finally, the reliability of this system was confirmed through uncertainty analysis of the permeation measurements, with all results falling within an uncertainty of 11.2 %.

The cosmetics industry expects low irritation and skin improvement effects by utilizing natural ingredients and botanical extracts. In particular, Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract is a traditionally recognized ingredient with proven pharmacological efficacy and contains various bioactive compounds. According to previous studies, Poncirus trifoliata fruit has been reported to possess antioxidant, whitening, and skin-improving effects. In this study, the antioxidant and whitening efficacy of Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract was evaluated according to different extraction solvents, and the formulation stability of a cleanser containing this extract was analyzed. The antioxidant activity of Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract was confirmed by measuring DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity, while its whitening efficacy was assessed through tyrosinase inhibition activity. Additionally, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content was measured, confirming its strong antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract may contribute to anti-aging and skin-whitening effects. To evaluate the stability of a cleansing formulation containing Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract, pH and viscosity changes were measured over 28 days under temperature conditions of 5°C, 25°C, and 45°C. The results indicated a decline in stability over long-term storage. Therefore, further studies are required to optimize the extract concentration and improve the formulation for enhanced long-term stability. This study suggests that Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract has potential as a functional cosmetic ingredient for skin whitening and anti-aging and can serve as fundamental data for future research on stability enhancement.

소재·부품·장비(소부장) 산업은 국가 제조업 경쟁력의 핵심 동력으로, 정부는 소부장 R&D 지원사업을 통해 소부장 산업 혁신을 유도하고 있다. 본 연구는 성향점수매칭 (PSM)과 이중차분법(DiD) 및 삼중차분법(DDD)을 활용하여 소부장 R&D 지원사업이 수혜 기업의 경제적·기술적·사회적 성과에 미친 영향을 분석하고, 소부장 전문기업 지정효과에 대한 실증적 분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 소부장 R&D 지원은 기업의 경제적 성과 일부에서 부정 적인 영향을 보였으며 기술적·사회적 성과에서는 유의미한 효과가 미미하였다. 반면에 소부장 전문기업 지정 제도는 순이익증가율, 총자산수익률 등 일부 경제적 성과와 연구개발집중도, 연구개발비증가율 등 일부 기술적 성과에서 유의미한 효과를 보였다. 한편, 사회적 성과에서는 소부장 일반기업 및 전문기업 모두 유의미한 성과를 확인할 수 없었다. 본 연구는 소부장 R&D 지원사업의 효과 분석뿐만 아니라 소부장 전문기업 지정제도를 실증적으로 평가한 점 에서 기존 정책 연구와 차별성을 가진다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 정책 입안자의 소부장 성과 관리체계 강화 필요성, 소부장 전문기업 지정제도에 대한 제도적 보완과 소부장 기업의 소부장 지원 정책에 대한 전략적 접근 필요성 등을 제시하였다.

Eu-doped SrAl2O4 is a promising thermoluminescent and mechanoluminescent material with high brightness and stability, making it suitable for various luminescent devices. In this study, SrAl2O4:Eu was synthesized using a solid-state reaction method, and the effects of reducing atmosphere and high-temperature synthesis conditions on its luminescence properties were systematically analyzed. The luminescence characteristics of SrAl2O4:Eu were found to be highly sensitive to synthesis temperature, atmosphere, and Eu doping concentration, and optimal conditions were determined. A comparison of SrAl2O4:Eu synthesized at 1,300 °C under air and reducing atmospheres revealed that the reducing atmosphere plays a critical role in stabilizing Eu2+ ions, forming a single-phase SrAl2O4, and establishing luminescence centers. Notably, SrAl2O4:Eu synthesized at 1,600 °C in a reducing atmosphere achieved a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 43 % and a maximum luminance of 2,030 Cd/m2, showing significant improvement in luminescence efficiency compared to samples synthesized at 1,300 °C. When Eu doping concentrations were adjusted from 1 % to 20 %, the highest luminescence performance was observed at 10 % doping, while excessive doping (20 %) increased non-radiative recombination pathways, and no further improvement in luminescence efficiency was observed. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Photoluminescence (PL) analyses elucidated the effects of synthesis conditions on the structural stability and luminescence properties of SrAl2O4:Eu, and the optimal reducing atmosphere and high-temperature synthesis conditions are proposed. This study provides a synthesis strategy for enhancing the luminescence properties of Eu-doped SrAl2O4 and lays the groundwork for the development of highperformance thermoluminescent and mechanoluminescent materials.

We developed pet food ingredients for dogs by fermenting oats soaked in herbal extracts of Dendropanax morbifera and Eriobotrya japonica using Lentinula edodes KCTC 18874P mycelium. The resulting materials were analyzed for β-glucan, total polyphenol, essential amino acids, vitamins B1 and B2, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and heavy metals to confirm their beneficial components and safety during consumption. The content of (1-3),(1-4)-β-glucan ranged from 1.08 to 1.78%, with the highest content (1.51%) found in fermented D. morbifera and E. japonica using L. edodes mycelium (FMEJDMOLEM). The (1-3),(1-6)-β-glucan content ranged from 44.14% to 50.13%, with FMEJDMOLEM showing the highest content at 50.13%. The total polyphenol content was highest in FMEJDMOLEM, followed by fermented D. morbifera using L. edodes mycelium (FDMOLEM) and fermented E. japonica using L. edodes mycelium (FEJOLEM). Vitamin B1 content was significantly higher in FMEJDMOLEM, followed by FEJOLEM. FMEJDMOLEM also had the highest vitamin B2 content. The total essential amino acid content was the highest in FMEJDMOLEM, followed by FDMOLEM. FEJOLEM had the highest calcium content. The calcium-tophosphorus ratio in all the samples was below 1:0.8, meeting the standards set by the American Feed Association. Heavy metal analysis confirmed that lead and cadmium, which are hazardous to the health of dogs, were not detected in any of the samples. This study demonstrated the development of pet food materials with high levels of beneficial ingredients, such as β-glucan, appropriate calcium and phosphorus ratios, and no detectable heavy metals, ensuring both usefulness and safety. Our future research will focus on developing dog pet food using these materials, and conducting physiological activity studies to complete the development of scientific dog pet food.

Due to the special nature of the rotary type dust remover operating close to a river, more than 80% of the parts that make up the device are made of stainless steel. Stainless steel material is applied to the parts. In addition, sufficient rigidity is required, so the dimensions of the members that affect rigidity, including thickness, are applied excessively, resulting in a large weight. As a result, resistance increases during operation, lowering operating efficiency, and production and maintenance are costly and time-consuming, and maintainability is poor. In particular, when the rake blade is damaged, drainage by the pump cannot be smoothly achieved due to inoperability or performance degradation due to interference with other parts, which can cause serious damage to life and property due to flooding. Accordingly, in this study, a carbon material rake was developed to replace the existing stainless steel rake, and research was conducted to improve and optimize the problems of the existing rake.

Wearable electronics have been the focus of considerable interest in various fields, such as human-machine interfaces, soft robotics, and medical treatments, due to their flexibility, stretchability, and light weight. To address the shortcomings of existing metal thin film-based wearable devices, stretchable conductive polymers have been developed. In particular, double networking hydrogels are being actively studied as a polymer with a three-dimensional stereoscopic structure that can be patterned. Nonetheless, they have shortcomings such as poor electrical properties and cumbersome manufacturing processes, making it difficult to apply them in electronic devices. Herein, we report 3D-printed stretchable electrodes enabled by a titanium/polyacrylamide-alginate-based hydrogel nanocomposite. This research suggests the strategy for resolving the challenges of high costs and complex fabrication processes associated with stretchable electrode, providing a solution to accelerate the commercialization of wearable electronic devices.

Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) is a solid-state welding technology that is rapidly growing in the automotive industry. Achieving superior welding characteristics requires the proper selection of tool geometry and process conditions. In this study, FSSW was performed on dissimilar materials comprising AA5052-HO/hot-melt aluminum alloy sheets and Steel Plate Cold Rolled for Deep Drawing Use(SPCUD) steel sheets. The effects of tool geometry, plate arrangement, and tool plunge depth on the welding process were investigated. At the joint interface between the aluminum alloy and the steel sheet, new intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were observed. As the plunge depth increased, thicker and more continuous IMC layers were formed. However, excessive plunge depth led to discontinuous layers and cracking defects. An analysis of the IMCs revealed a correlation between the IMC thickness and the shear tensile load. Furthermore, compared to the conventional Al-Top arrangement, the St-Top arrangement exhibited reduced deformation and superior shear tensile load values. These findings indicate that plate arrangement significantly influences the mechanical properties of the joint.

벌나무(Acer tegmentosum Maxim.)는 국내 고산지대를 중심으로 분포하고 있고 간질환 치 료에 효과가 있다고 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 벌나무 추출물의 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능 성을 알아보기 위해 항산화, 항균, 항염증 효능 평가를 수행하였다. 시료 추출은 벌나무 껍질을 사용하 였고 벌나무 70% EtOH 추출물 (ATE)와 벌나무 열수 추출물 (ATW)로 나누어 추출하여 두 추출물의 효능을 비교평가 하고자 하였다. DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS+ radical 소거능, 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보 노이드 함량 측정을 진행한 결과 ATE와 ATW 모두 우수한 항산화 능력을 보였다. 항균 효능 평가 결 과, ATW는 E. coli와 P. aeruginosa에 대해 ATE보다 우수한 항균 효과를 보였으나, ATE는 S. aureus 에 대해 ATW보다 우수한 항균력을 보였다. 항염증 효능을 알아보기 위해 세포 독성 평가, NO 생성 측정, Western blotting 실험을 진행한 결과 ATE는 6.25 및 12.5 μg/ml에서 세포독성 없이 NO 생성 을 유의하게 감소시키고 iNOS 및 COX-2의 발현을 억제하여 우수한 항염증 효과를 보였다. 이 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 Acer tegmentosum Maxim. 추출물을 기능성 화장품 소재로 활용할 가능성을 제안한 다.

본 연구는 합성 아질산염 대체 천연보존료로 개발하고자 천연물 유래 복합추출물(NP-NAP, NP-NAMR)의 성분 특성 과 소시지에의 적용 시 품질 특성을 규명하였다. NP-NAP 와 NP-NAMR 0.5-1.0% (w/v)는 90.1-100%의 ABTS 라디 칼 저해능과 10 mg/mL에서 각각 811 μM 및 770 μM trolox 상당의 FRAP 활성을 보였다. NP-NAP와 NP-NAMR은 S. aureus와 L. monocytogenes, E. coli 및 S. Typhimurium에 대 해 0.1% (w/v)에서 99.99-100%의 감소율을 보였고 C. perfringens에 대해 1%와 2% (w/v)에서 각각 89.0-91.4%와 84.7-100% 이상의 감소율을 보였다. 천연 복합추출물 첨가 소시지 시제품의 냉장 중 품질 특성에서 4주 차 pH (6.43- 6.57)와 NP-NAMR 첨가 시 높은 a 값(23.54% 및 28.81)을 확인하였다. Springiness와 cohesiveness는 NP-NAP 1%가 높 았으나 다른 모든 시험구는 양성 대조구와 유의적 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 냉장 중 평균 MDA (0.87-1.183 μM)는 양 성 대조구(0.93-0.96 μM)와 유사하였으며(P<0.05) 총 증가 균수(log CFU)는 1% 첨가(1.10-1.32) 시 nitrite pickling salt (NPS) 0.08% (1.31)과 유사하였고 2% 첨가 시(0.17-0.49)는 commercial product from Spain (CPS) 1% (0.53)보다 적었 다. 종합적 기호도는 NP-NAMR 2% 제외한 모든 시험구는 통계적 유의차가 없었다. 이상의 결과, 과채 추출물 유래 NP-NAP와 NP-NAMR은 항산화, 항균 활성과 안정적인 적 색도와 함께 식약처 고시 소시지류의 기준 및 규격을 만족 하여 합성 아질산염과 시판 수입품을 대체하는, 유효한 소 재가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Light-weight ceramic insulation materials and high-emissivity coatings were fabricated for reusable thermal protection systems (TPS). Alumina-silica fibers and boric acid were used to fabricate the insulation, which was heat treated at 1250 °C. High-emissivity coating of borosilicate glass modified with TaSi2, MoSi2, and SiB6 was applied via dip-and-spray coating methods and heat-treated at 1100°C. Testing in a high-velocity oxygen fuel environment at temperatures over 1100 °C for 120 seconds showed that the rigid structures withstood the flame robustly. The coating effectively infiltrated into the fibers, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Although some oxidation of TaSi2 occurred, thereby increasing the Ta2O5 and SiO2 phases, no significant phase changes or performance degradation were observed. These results demonstrate the potential of these materials for reusable TPS applications in extreme thermal environments.

This study examined domestic consumption trends in the development of mushroom-based alternative food products. It found that 85.5% of consumers were aware of alternative foods, with a higher recognition rate among younger age groups and variations based on household composition and monthly income. Additionally, 70% of consumers familiar with alternative foods had tried them. Among those who had not, taste (16%) and purchasing challenges (15%) were the primary barriers. Minced meat was the most commonly consumed alternative (25%), while dumplings (7%) and burgers (1%) were less popular. Notably, dumplings and burgers showed the highest potential for development using mushroom-based ingredients. These findings provide valuable foundational data for advancing mushroom-based alternative food products.

In this study, the strength properties of recycled plastic materials using polypropylene, polyethylene, and high-density polyethylene were evaluated by measuring their compressive and flexural strengths, which are typically measured in cement-concrete pavements, to assess the feasibility of using recycled plastic materials as construction materials for modular pavements that can easily integrate advanced sensors, such as those for future autonomous driving. Two types of recycled plastic (composite resin and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)) and two types of inorganic materials (fly ash and limestone filler) were selected to evaluate the strengths of recycled plastic materials. Specimens for the compressive and flexural strength tests were prepared with four different recycled plastic contents (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40%). The compressive and flexural strengths of the recycled plastic specimens were measured according to the KSL ISO 679 and KSL 5105 methods, and the strength properties were analyzed based on the type and content of the recycled plastic and type of inorganic material used. Distortion and shrinkage problems were observed during specimen preparation using the 100% recycled plastic material. This indicated that inorganic materials must be incorporated to improve the flexural strength and facilitate specimen preparation. The compressive strength of plastic materials was comparable to the 28-day compressive strength of conventional cement-concrete pavements. The compressive strength of the composite resin was approximately twice that of HDPE. The flexural strengths of both the composite and HDPE were in the range of 15–25 MPa, suggesting their suitability as materials for the construction of modular pavement structures. Based on the limited strength test results, we can conclude that the strength properties of recycled plastic materials are similar to those of conventional cement-concrete paving materials. From the strength perspective, we confirmed that recycled plastic materials can be utilized as construction materials for modular pavements. However, further research should be conducted on factors such as molding methods for modular pavement structures based on different types of recycled plastic materials.

This paper explores a convergent approach that combines advanced informatics and computational science to develop road-paving materials. It also analyzes research trends that apply artificial-intelligence technologies to propose research directions for developing new materials and optimizing them for road pavements. This paper reviews various research trends in material design and development, including studies on materials and substances, quantitative structure–activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) research, molecular data, and descriptors, and their applications in the fields of biomedicine, composite materials, and road-construction materials. Data representation is crucial for applying deep learning to construction-material data. Moreover, selecting significant variables for training is important, and the importance of these variables can be evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients or ensemble techniques. In selecting training data and applying appropriate prediction models, the author intends to conduct future research on property prediction and apply string-based representations and generative adversarial networks (GANs). The convergence of artificial intelligence and computational science has enabled transformative changes in the field of material development, contributing significantly to enhancing the performance of road-paving materials. The future impacts of discovering new materials and optimizing research outcomes are highly anticipated.