본 연구는 귀리의 겨, 겉껍질 및 잎을 에탄올로 추출한 후 항산화 및 항균활성을 조사하였으며, 추출물을 유화형 돈육 소시지에 적용하였을 때 품질 및 저장성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 귀리의 잎 추출물(OLE)의 총 페놀함량(145.99ug CAE/mg), ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성(35.07%) 및 FRAP 활성(32.77ug Fe2+/mg)은 다른 부위에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 항균 활성 측정결과 모든 부위의 추출물에서 Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia과 Escherichia coli에 대해서 활성을 보이지 않았으나, OLE 및 귀리 겨 추출물은 Klebsiella pneumonia에 대해서는 120μg/disk이상에서 활성을 보였으며, OLE가 귀리 겨 추출물보다 동일 농도에서 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). OLE를 유화형 돈육 소시지에 첨가하였을 때, 0.025% 첨가구에서 pH, 조직감 및 관능적 특성에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 하지만 저장 14일차에 모든 첨가구에서 지방산화(TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), 총균수가 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 본 실험결과 OLE는 높은 항산화 활성을 보였으며, 유화형 돈육 소시지 제품에 적용하였을 때 지방산화를 지연시켰고, 총균수의 저하를 가져왔기 때문에 천연 보존제로서 좋은 첨가제로 사료된다.

The aim of this present study was to investigate the impact of different seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizing levels on the seed yield and feed value of oats(Avena sativa L.) grown in Gyeongbuk area for two years. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with 3 main plots(100, 130 and 160 kg of seed/ha) and 4 subplots(0, 50, 70 and 90 kg N/ha), with 3 replicates. Heading, flowering, and maturing dates of oats sown in spring 2017, delayed by two days compared to that of spring 2016, and the plant height of spring 2017 were significantly shorter than that of spring 2016(18.1 ~ 23.4 cm). In addition, the highest number of stems and number of panicles according to different seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizing levels were achieved with the seeding rate of 160 kg/ha and 90 kg of N/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In case of seed yield as affected by different seeding rate, the highest seed yield was achieved with a seeding rate of 130 kg/ha(p<0.05), and based on nitrogen fertilizing levels, the highest yield was obtained in 50 kg of N/ha compared to others. The crude fiber(CF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) of oats cultivated and harvested in spring 2016 and 2017 according to different sowing rate were the highest in the seeding rate of 130 kg/ha. The crude protein(CP) content and total digestible nutrients(TDN) of 2016-2017 as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer levels were the highest in the nitrogen fertilizer level of 90 and 50 kg N/ha, respectively. In conclusion, the proper seeding rate and the optimal nitrogen fertilizing level in Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk province were considered to be the most appropriate in 130 kg/ha and 50 kg of N/ha, respectively.

In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of water soluble β-glucan from oat (Avena sativa) against various digestive enzymes such as α-glucosidase, sucrase, maltase and glucoamylase. Inhibition of these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharide can significantly decrease the post-prandial increase of blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. The β-glucan had the highest documented rate of small intestinal sucrase inhibitory activity (2.83 mg/mL, IC50) relevant for potentially managing post-prandial hyperglycemia. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of β-glucan on the level of post-prandial blood glucose in animal model. The post-prandial blood glucose levels were tested two hours after sucrose/starch administration, with and without β- glucan (100, and 500 mg/kg-body weight). The maximum blood glucose levels (Cmax) of β-glucan administration group were decreased by about 23% (from 219.06±27.82 to 190.44±13.18, p<0.05) and 10% (from 182.44±13.77 to 165.64±10.59, p<0.01) in starch and sucrose loading test, respectively, when compared to control in pharmacodynamics study. The β -Glucan administration significantly lowered the mean, maximum, and minimum level of post-prandial blood glucose at 30 min after meal. In view of the foregoing, it is felt that our findings suggest that β-glucan from oat serves to reduce post-prandial blood glucose rise secondary to slower absorption of glucose in the small intestine, via carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes inhibition.

본 실험은 횡성지역내 조사료 자급을 위한 귀리(Avena sativa L.)의 채종재배 적합성을 평가하고자 2016년 3월부터 7월까지 강원 횡성 시험포장(전작)에서 수행되었다. 공시품종은 춘파귀리인 ‘하이스피 드’를 이용하여 서로 다른 수준의 파종량과 질소시비량을 통해 출수특성, 생육특성, 수량성 등을 평가하 였다. 이를 바탕으로 횡성 지역 내 채종재배를 위한 귀리의 적정 파종량과 질소시비량을 얻고자 수행되 었다. 파종량 및 질소시비량에 따른 귀리의 출현일수 및 출수일수는 각각 8일, 74일로 모든 시험구에서 동일하게 나타났으며, 출수기 이후 성숙기까지의 소요일수는 12일로 모든 시험구에서 동일하게 나타났 다. 파종량에 따른 귀리의 초장 및 수장은 파종량 130kg/ha 시험구에서 가장 높았으며, 단위면적당 경 수와 수수는 파종량 160kg/ha 시험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 1수립수, 1수립중, 천립중(千粒重)과 리 터중은 파종량 100kg/ha 시험구에서 가장 높았으며, 파종량에 따른 종실수량은 파종량 100kg/ha 시험 구에서 4.5t/ha로 가장 높은 수량을 나타냈다. 질소시비량에 따른 귀리의 초장, 간장 및 수장은 질소시 비량 50kg N/ha 시험구에서 가장 높았으며, 경수와 수수는 질소시비량 70kg N/ha 시험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 질소시비량에 따른 1수립수, 1수립중, 천립중(千粒重), 리터중은 질소시비량 70kg N/ha 시험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 질소시비량에 따른 종실수량은 질소시비량 50kg N/ha 시험구에서 4.5t/ha로 가장 높은 수량을 나타냈다. 채종재배는 종실의 수확이 목적이므로 수확지수와 종실수량을 우선적으로 고려했을때, 횡성지역 내 조사료 자급을 위한 귀리 채종 재배에 있어 적정 파종량은 100kg/ha, 적정 질소시비량은 50kg N/ha가 적합 할 것으로 판단된다.

The objective of this study was to efficiently produce forage crop seed of spring oat (Avena sativa L., cultivar High Speed) in Gyeongbuk area. Forage crop oats (130 kg/ha) were sown with a randomized block design. They were sown in triplicates in 2015 and 2016 using basal fertilizer of 70 kg N, 74 kg P, and 39 kg K/ha. Agronomic traits and seed production of oats were investigated to determine the influence of seeding dates (February 28/29th, March 10th, and March 20th). Heading, flowering, and maturing dates of these oats sown on February 28/29th and March 10th were almost close to each other with 1-2 days of difference for all test plots. For oats sown on the last day (28/29) of Feb., plant heights (111.6-122.6 cm) were significantly longer than those sown in March each year. In addition, panicle number (416.7 per m2) and panicle length (17.3 cm) of oats sown on the last day of February were also significantly (p < 0.05) larger than those of oats sown in March in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended to sow these oats on the last day of February to have better agronomic traits in terms of plant height, stem length, panicle length, and panicle number per m2. Grain numbers (56.3 and 63.3) and kernel weights (1.72 and 2.00 g) per spike in plots of oats sown on the last day of February were also significantly (p < 0.05) larger than those of oats in other plots in 2016 and in the average of 2015~2016, respectively. The highest grain yield (6,243 kg/ha) was obtained when oats were sown on the last day of February. Feed value of harvested oats was good in terms of proximate compositions including fiber contents and TDN contents. In conclusion, sowing on the last day of February is the most effective way to increase seed production of spring oats in Gyeongbuk area of Korea.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriate amount of oats to add to rice and the merits of oat meal. We analyzed the physicochemical characteristics, cooking properties, functional components, and sensory evaluation according to the amount of oats added in the cooked rice. Compared with rice, the oat showed higher level in protein, fat, total β-glucan and total polyphenol, but not for starch. Therefore, the amount of chemical and functional components was increased significantly with the increase in the amount of oats added. Water absorption and expansion were decreased with the increase in the amount of oat added. Oleic acid content was increased and linoleic acid content was decreased slightly. Unsaturated fatty acid content was greatly increased. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were increased significantly according to the amount of oats added. As a result of sensory evaluation, the most appropriate amount of oat added was 20% and 30%. By the addition of oat, the β- glucan content of the cooked rice and the antioxidant activity could increase.

Oat! It entices us with its awesome components such as β-glucan and unsaturated fatty acid. This study was performed to investigate the changes of flour size distribution, pH, moisture content, Hunter color value, polyphenol, protein, flavonoid, lipid rancidity, β-glucan content and sensory evaluation of covered and naked oat flour that heated at 80, 120, 160 and 200℃. It was roasted for 5min to begin with, followed by complete cool, and for 10min at the second time. There was some difference in flour size distribution before and after of roasting. With increasing temperature, oat was more broken finely. For the Hunter b value representing the blackish color of the surface, after oats went through a roasting process, one went through until 160℃ showed same color statistically. Moisture content declined more as the roasting temperature became higher. As for pH, its range of variation was small from 6.2 to 6.6. While a polyphenol was on the reduction, protein was on the rise by the increase of temperature. In total, a flavonoid was declined at 80℃ but increased from 120 until 200℃ compared to control. A MAD (malonaldehyde) related with lipid acidification was statistically identical until 160℃ and sharply risen at 200℃. Roasting conditions had significant effect on β-glucan content. A covered oat’s β-glucan was declined as opposite to naked oat’s β-glucan with temperature being increased. Variation in sensory evaluation such as color, taste, smell and preference was observed. There is no statistically significant difference in specimens heated at 160℃ and 200℃ of covered and naked oat in sensory evaluation(p<5%). All things considered including MDA, β-glucan content and sensory evaluation, a optimum temperature for roasting oat to develop processed goods was verified as about 160℃.

본 시험은 제주지역에서 동계사료작물(이탈리안 라이그라스 및 귀리)의 단파 및 혼파시 사초생산성과 사료가치를 평가하기 위해 국립축산과학원 제주출장소 조사료포장에서 2003년 10월 상순부터 2004년 6월 중순까지 수행하였다. 시험처리는 예취횟수를 주구로 하여 1회 예취구, 2회 예취구 2수준으로 하고 세구는 혼파방법으로 이탈리안 라이그라스 단파구(T1), 귀리 단파구(T2), 이탈리안 라이그라스 25%+귀리 75%(T3), 이탈리안 라이그라스 50%+귀

본 시험은 속성건조에 의한 가을연맥의 건초 조제 가능성을 알아보고자 조생계통인 Swan을 공시하여 8월 24일 파종한 다음, 건초 조제시기(수잉후기, 출수기, 개화기)와 건조방법(건조제, Conditioning, 건조제 + Conditioning 및 대조구)을 달리하여 1996년 가을 축산기술연구소에서 수행되었다. 화학제인 건조제는 $K_2CO_3$ 수식 이미지 2%를 수확 직전 기계 분무하였으며, 물리적인 Conditioning은 모델 GMR 2800 Mower Conditioner(trail type)를 사용하였고, 포장건조 후 각형 곤포를 조제하였으며, 건초의 건물손실과 외관평가는 2개월간 보관저장 후 조사하였다. 수잉후기, 출수기, 개화기로 수확이 늦어질수록 연맥의 건물수량은 증가하고 건물률은 높아진 반면 사료가치는 크게 낮아졌다. 건조속도는 건초 조제시기에 관계없이 5일간의 포장건조에도 불구하고 수분 함량이 높아 건초 조제 적기에 도달하지 못하였으며, 특히 개화기에서는 수분감소가 거의 없었다. 건조방법별 건조효과는 전반적으로 건조효과가 낮았으나 Conditioning구에서 대조구에 비해 2일정도 포장 건조기간을 단축시킬 수 있었으며 건조제 처리효과는 없었다. 건초의 건물손실은 수잉 후기에서 51.4%로 매우 높았으며, 출수기도 21.1%로 높았고, 건조방법별로는 Conditioning구와 건조제 + Conditioning 처리구에서 손실이 적은 경향이었다. 건초의 외관평가에서 수잉 후기로 조제시기가 빠를 때에는 수분 함량이 너무 높아 품질은 크게 불량하였으며, 출수기의 Conditioning구와 건조제 + Conditioning 처리구에서 80점으로 양호할 뿐 전반적으로 가을연맥 건초의 외관평점은 매우 낮았다. 이상의 결과로서 포장에서의 건조기간 단축과 건초의 품질향상을 위한 건조제 처리효과는 인정되지 않았으며 Conditioner 사용이 추천되었으나, 우리 나라에서 가을연맥의 건초 조제는 실용화하기 매우 어려운 것으로 판단되었다.

‘Jungmo2501’ (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2010. The following is the characteristics of ‘Jungmo2501’ that is characterized as light green leaf, yellow brown culm and whitish yellow grain. The heading date of ‘Jungmo2501’ was about 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar ‘Samhan’(May 7 and May 10, respectively). Its plant height was 11 cm longer than 103 cm of the check, and the leaf blade ratio of aerial parts was 26 % higher than the check (11.8% and 9.4%, respectively). The cold tolerance, resistance to lodging and wet injury of ‘Jungmo2501’ were similar to those of the check. The average forage dry matter yield of ‘Jungmo2501’ harvested at milk-ripe stage was 5% higher than the check (15.5 ton ha -1 and 14.7 ton ha -1 , respectively). ‘Jungmo2501’ was higher than the check in terms of protein content (6.6% and 5.9%, respectively), neutral detergent fiber (58.5% and 57.6%, respectively), and acid detergent fiber (34.5% and 32.1%, respectively), while total digestible nutrients was lower than the check (61.6% and 63.6%, respectively), and TDN yield was 0.37 ton ha -1 more than that of the check (9.71 ton ha -1 and 9.34 ton ha -1 , respectively). The silage grade of ‘Jungmo2501’ estimated by Flig score showed level Ⅱ, meaning good quality. Fall sowing cropping of ‘Jun

This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical properties of raw and roasted oats for the production of processed goods. Changes in particle size, pH, moisture content, Hunter b value, polyphenols, proteins, flavonoids, lipid rancidity, β-glucan content and sensory evaluation were compared between raw and roasted hulled oats (HO) and de-hulled oats (DO) after heating treatment at 0, 80, 120, 160 and 200°C. HO was more finely crushed than DO. The Hunter b value of HO was lower than that of DO, which increased sharply at 200°C. The pH range was from 6.2 to 6.6, with an average value of 6.4. In contrast to the protein contents of the two oat types, polyphenol content showed gradual decrease as roasting temperature increased. A comparison of the flavonoid content of HO with DO, indicated difference in the increase of flavonoids with increasing temperature. The protein content of HO was observed to be higher than that of DO. Furthermore, the protein level was slightly increased with increasing temperature. Malonidialdehyde (MDA) content was statistically identical from 0°C to 160°C, but then increased sharply at 200°C. As expected, the β-glucan content of HO was higher than that of DO. The β-glucan content of HO was decreased at 80°C, but increased from 120°C to 200°C. In contrast, the β-glucan of DO increased constantly compared to the control. Variations in sensory characteristics such as color, taste, smell and overall preference were observed. There were statistically significant difference among the sensory characteristics of the two oat types heated at 0°C and 120°C and at 160°C and 200°C (p<0.05). Our collective results, including those for particle size, MDA, protein, β-glucan content and sensory evaluation, indicated that HO would be more useful in the development of processed goods than DO, and that an optimum temperature for roasting oats is approximately 160°C for 15 min. Moreover, our results indicate that suitable roasting temperatures and cultivars are necessary to produce high-quality processed oat goods.

This study examined radiation damage and the optimal gamma-ray dose for mutation breeding in oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Samhan). The seed germination rate decreased as the dose increased over 500 Gy. The median lethal dose (LD50) was approximately 392 Gy. The median reduction dose (RD50) for plant height, tiller number, root length, and flash weight was 411, 403, 394, and 411 Gy, respectively. The optimal dose of gamma irradiation for inducing oat mutation appears to be in the range 300-400 Gy. We performed the comet assay to observe nuclear DNA damage induced by gamma-ray irradiation. This assay showed a clear difference with gamma-ray treatments. DNA damage increased temporarily 7 days after treatment depending on the dose, while no significant difference was identified in response to 300 Gy 30 days after the gamma-ray treatments. The growth characteristics of the M2 generation decreased as the dose increased over 400 Gy.

맥류는 대부분 추파(가을 파종)하나 파종기에 잦은 비로 인하여 파종을 하지 못할 경우가 발생된다. 이에 따른 대책 으로 춘파(봄 파종)하는 경우가 보리와 밀 등에서 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 춘파 파종하면 불리한 점이 많다 추파보 다 출수가 늦고 수확량도 낮고, 논 2모작 작부체계에서 후작물 재배에 어려움을 초래하는 단점이 있으나 최근 맥류 재배기간 이상고온으로 출수가 빨라져 2모작 재배에 지장을 초래하지 않는 선에서 재배가 가능성을 확인을 위해 최근 밀 춘파 재배시험이 이루어지고 있다. 또한 내한성이 약한 쌀귀리 재배지에서도 일부 춘파재배가 이루어지 고 있는 실정이다. 이와 관련하여 쌀귀리 재배품종의 춘파재배시 출수반응을 알아보기 위한 시험결과로 춘파시험 은 2월 26일부터 5일 간격으로 4월 5일까지 9회 파종하였으며, 품종은 조숙종인 조양, 만숙종인 대양 등 2품종을 시험품종으로 하였다. 그 결과 춘파재배시 출현까지의 소요일수는 조양 10～20일, 대양 11～21일로 조숙종과 만 숙종이 비슷한 출현일수를 보였다. 출현일수는 춘파시기가 늦어질수록 온도상승에 따른 출현일수는 3～10일 정 도 단축되었고, 파종부터 출현기까지 적산온도는 조양 75.7～114.3℃, 대양 85.5～123.9℃ 이었다. 추파(10.15)한 경우보다 조양 7～19일, 대양 11～24일 늦은 출수를 보였다. 출현부터 출수기까지 소요일수는 조양 45～61일, 대 양 55～70일로 조숙종인 조양에서 9～10일 정도 짧았다. 출수는 춘파시기가 늦어짐에 따라 출수 일수가 단축되는 경향이나 4월 1일 이후 파종된 경우에는 변화가 없었다. 출현부터 출수기까지 적산온도는 조양 616.7～689.8℃, 대 양 820.3～968.7℃로 만숙종인 대양은 출수기까지 적산온도가 203.6～278.9℃ 더 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 익산지역과 비슷한 기상을 보이는 지역에서는 조숙종인 조양은 3월 중순이내로 파종하면 출수가 5월 중순경으로 6월 하순 전․후로 수확이 가능하나 만숙종인 대양은 출수가 5월 하순경으로 논 2모작 작부체계에서 춘파재배는 곤 란할 것으로 생각된다.

Varietal and annual variations in the contents of β-glucan fractions per weight grain samples were examined in sixteen covered and eighteen naked barley and five oat cultivars developed in Korea. Also, the effect of pearling on β-glucan content was invest

To develop the STS (Sequence Tagged Site) marker for discrimination between oat cultivars used the EEG (Euchromatin Enriched Genomic) DNA library in oat. The EEG DNA library was constructed the Mcr A and Mcr BC system in DH5 alpha bacterial cell line. About 3,500 EEG colonies had been constructed by using junk DNA exclusion. About 800 colonies were selected that included insert DNA more than 500 bp. It was analyzed the genetic information by using blast searches of NCBI web site. More than three hundred STS primer sets were developed using sequencing data of selected colonies and about 90 primer sets which showed single band were selected in Olgwiri. It was applied to twelve oat cultivars including Olgwiri and has been shown polymorphism at 15%. PCR product which amplified with selected STS primer was treated with six endonucleases and was showed polymorphic bands. These primers could be useful for specific allele tagging in mapping populations and germplasm and for the study of functional genomics of oat.

Mature embryos of five oat genotypes were cultured to develop an efficient method of callus induction and plant regeneration. Murashige and Skoog(MS) and N6 media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin were used for callus induction. Percentage of callus induction showed significant among the combinations of plant growth regulators. Callus induction showed high efficiency in medium containing 3 mg/~ell of 2,4-D. The high frequency of callus induction was obtained in Gwiri37. For plant regeneration, calli induced from mature embryos were transferred onto MS and N6 media supplemented with combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for 5 weeks. Percentage of plant regeneration showed high in MS medium containing 0.2 mg/~ell of NAA and 1 mg/~ell of BA. The callus initiation medium affected the subsequent plant regeneration. Treatment with 3 mg/~ell of 2,4-D, and 3 mg/~ell of 2,4-D and 3 mg/~ell of kinetin in callus induction media showed high frequency for plant regeneration. Plant regeneration frequency among the genotypes showed significant. Especially, Gwiri37 showed high regeneration frequency. Regenerated shoots were treated with 200, 350 and 500 mg/~ell of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) transferred onto half-strength MS medium without plant growth regulators. Treatment of shoots with IBA induced root formation rapidly

연맥의 2배체가 가지고 있는 유용한 유전자를 재배종인 6배체에 도입시키는 이론적인 구상을 이미 알려진 사실에 기초하여 논의하였으며 이 계획의 주요 요점은 (1) 서로 다른 배수 수준 사이의 교량 역할을 하는 이질6배체를 얻기 위하여 4배체인 Avena magna를 이용하는 것이다. 이 A. magna는 6배체 재배종인 A. sativa와는 2개의 게놈이 부분적으로 상동성을 가지거나 또는 하나는 공통적이고 나머지 하나는 부분적으로 공통성을 가지고 있기 때문에 AA BB 게놈 형태보다는 이들 사이에 보다 정상적인 접합이 이루어질 수 있기 때문이다. A. strigosa와 A. magna는 교배친화성이며 42% 이상의 임실율을 보이고 있다. (2) A. strigosa의 목적하는 유전자가 A. magna에 도입되어 있는 4배체를 선발하고 (3) 합성 5배체는 2n=21 인 모배우자를 생성함으로써 A. sativa와 완전 또는 거의 완전한 접합이 이루어지게 된다. (4) 결과적으로는 마지막 단계에서 AAs 게놈에 대하여 이질성이지만 이것을 자식시키면 동질계통을 얻을 수 있게 된다.