본 연구는 다라수 씨앗 추출물의 생리활성을 평가하여 식품 원료로서의 활용 가치를 검증하 고자 하였다. 다라수 씨앗 추출물의 성분, 항산화, 세포독성, 항염증 분석을 기반으로 효능을 평가하였 다. 그 결과, 다라수 씨앗 추출물은 총 플라보노이드 16.50 mg/100g, 총 폴리페놀 699.66 mg/100g, 비 타민 C 4.44 mg/100g의 함량을 나타냈으며, DPPH 및 ABTS 라디컬 소거 활성이 농도 의존적으로 증 가하였다. 대조군과의 비교했을 때, 세포독성은 200 ㎍/㎖ 농도까지 95% 이상의 생존율을 보였고 해당 농도에서 iNOS 유전자 발현량과 NO 생성량, TNF-α 발현량을 유의성 있게 억제하였다. 이러한 결과 는 다라수 씨앗 추출물이 항산화 및 항염증 효능을 가진 안전한 식품 원료임을 입증하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 다라수 씨앗을 기반으로 한 신규 식품 개발 원료로의 활용 가능성을 제시하는 기초자료가 될 것 으로 기대된다.

The study aimed to enhance quality characteristics of prune juice added with Schisandra chinensis and optimize mixing ratios of its components. Prune juice was prepared using varying proportions of prune concentrate and medicinal herbal plant extracts. Results showed that the pH of the medicinal herbal plant complex extract containing Schisandra chinensis decreased significantly, while the content of soluble solids increased with increasing concentration of prune concentrate. Results of analyzing antioxidant activity of individual component revealed that both prune concentrate and Schisandra chinensis extract demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activities than other extracts, with Cinnamomum cassia extract showing the lowest antioxidant activity. As a result of antioxidant component analysis, total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, and total tannin contents were all the highest in MSS but the lowest in the control. Regarding antioxidant activity, DPPH radial scavenging activity, ABTS DPPH radial scavenging activity, and SOD-like activity were the highest in MSS but the lowest in the control. In conclusion, findings suggest that incorporating higher proportions of both Schisandra chinensis and prune concentrate can synergistically improve the antioxidant activity and overall quality characteristics of prune juice.

Skin color is primarily determined by the amount of melanin pigmentation in the skin. In recent years, cosmetic compositions have been developed to reduce the melanin pigmentation in the skin. Treatment of the skin with whitening agents, from the pharmacological and cosmetological views, should provide safety and efficacy without side effects. Currently used whitening agents which are mostly cause many harmful and cytotoxic effects. In view of the lack of safe whitening agents, this study has been conducted to find the stable and harmless compounds inhibiting melanogenesis. The use of light and Herbal extract for the purpose of skin whitening has been formally reported. So, this study is to investigate the effects of LED irradiation and Bletillae rhizoma (Br) extract on tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis in B16F0 melanoma cells. Melanin biosynthesis was induced by α-MSH. Experimental group were conducted five groups; 1) Pre-LED group (LED light irradiation, followed by 1 μM α-MSH) 2) Post-LED group (α-MSH treat, followed by LED light irradiation) 3) Pre-Br extract group (Br extract treat, followed by 1 μM α-MSH) 4) Post-Br extract group (α-MSH treat, followed by 10 μg/ml Br extract) 5) LED and Br extract group. The melanin contents, tyrosinase activity, dendrite length of cells and expression of melanogenesis-related genes under LED light irradiation and Br extract treatment were investigated. Pre-635, Post-425 nm and Post-Br extract group were significantly reduced melanin contents and tyrosinase activity compared with other group. But both for LED irradiation and Br extract group, melanin contents and tyrosinase activity were increased. However, Pre-425 nm and Post-Br extract group could reduce the melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and dendrites length of cells. In addition, the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins, including microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (TYR) is inhibited. The Pre-425 nm and Post-Br extract group activated Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and involved in the inhibition of melanogenesis via stimulation of MITF degradation. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of Pre-425nm irradiation and Post-Br extract on melanogenesis are derived from reduced TYR expression via the downregulation of MITF signaling, as well as acceleration of ERK phosphorylation. Thus, these results suggest that Pre-425nm irradiation and Post-Br extract could prevent and treat melanin hyperpigmentation or useful in whitening agents.

Moringa oleifera, a versatile plant, has been traditionally used to treat various ailments and is gaining scientific attention due to its potential as a medicine. Native to the Indian subcontinent, it is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions, thriving in Asia, Africa, and South America, especially in arid climates. This study explores the antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE), employing a comprehensive screening approach with various solvents to identify the most effective extraction method. Initial experiments assessed antioxidant efficacy and yield using distilled water (D.W.), 95% ethanol, and 95% methanol. Among these, 95% ethanol extract demonstrated superior antioxidant activity, confirmed through assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-14 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, total polyphenol content analysis, and reducing power assay. In addition, with the 95% ethanol MOLE, a higher extraction efficiency was yielded compared to other solvents, making it the most effective for large-scale preparation. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of key bioactive compounds, including ellagic acid, rutin, Q-3-O, quercetin, and kaempferol. Results revealed that MOLE, prepared using 95% ethanol, exhibited remarkable antioxidant properties, attributed to its rich polyphenolic content. This research underscores the therapeutic potential of MOLE as a natural antioxidant source and highlights the importance of solvent optimization in phytochemical extractions.

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is a highly valued medicinal plant native to Aisa. Widely used as a spice, renowned for its medicinal properties, particularly in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, clove bud extract (CBE) was prepared at different ethanol concentrations of 50%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the CBE was evaluated through DPPH, polyphenol, and reducing power assays, revealing its strong antioxidant potential, with 90% ethanol being the most effective extract. HPLC analysis identified eugenol (8.7 mg/g) as the major active compound, known to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Given the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD), the therapeutic potential of CBE was explored using a 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model. Five-week-old BALB/c mice were induced with AD by topical application of DNCB. CBE was administered topically to the affected skin (back and ear) areas for 4 weeks. The treatment of CBE significantly reduced the severity of clinical dermatitis, decreased epidermal thickness, and lowered mast cell and eosinophil infiltration in skin tissue, as observed through hematoxylin eosin staining and toluidine blue staining. The results demonstrated CBE as a promising therapeutic agent for managing AD through its regulation of skin inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a potential candidate for future treatments of inflammatory skin disorders.

벌나무(Acer tegmentosum Maxim.)는 국내 고산지대를 중심으로 분포하고 있고 간질환 치 료에 효과가 있다고 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 벌나무 추출물의 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능 성을 알아보기 위해 항산화, 항균, 항염증 효능 평가를 수행하였다. 시료 추출은 벌나무 껍질을 사용하 였고 벌나무 70% EtOH 추출물 (ATE)와 벌나무 열수 추출물 (ATW)로 나누어 추출하여 두 추출물의 효능을 비교평가 하고자 하였다. DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS+ radical 소거능, 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보 노이드 함량 측정을 진행한 결과 ATE와 ATW 모두 우수한 항산화 능력을 보였다. 항균 효능 평가 결 과, ATW는 E. coli와 P. aeruginosa에 대해 ATE보다 우수한 항균 효과를 보였으나, ATE는 S. aureus 에 대해 ATW보다 우수한 항균력을 보였다. 항염증 효능을 알아보기 위해 세포 독성 평가, NO 생성 측정, Western blotting 실험을 진행한 결과 ATE는 6.25 및 12.5 μg/ml에서 세포독성 없이 NO 생성 을 유의하게 감소시키고 iNOS 및 COX-2의 발현을 억제하여 우수한 항염증 효과를 보였다. 이 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 Acer tegmentosum Maxim. 추출물을 기능성 화장품 소재로 활용할 가능성을 제안한 다.

본 연구는 3차 정제수 (SEW)와 70% 에탄올 (SEE) 용매에 따른 파인애플 세이지 (Salvia elegans Vahl)를 항산화, 미백, 주름 개선, 항균, 항염증에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 진행하였다. 그 결 과, 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 SEW가 SEE에 비해 더 높았다. SEW와 SEE은 DPPH radical, ABTS+ radical, Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)의 소거 활성과 SOD 유사 활성이 보여 농도 의존적으로 높 아졌으며 SEW가 SEE에 비해 우수한 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. Tyrosinase 저해 활성 및 Elastase 저해 활성을 분석한 결과, SEE가 미비한 미백 효능을 보였으며, SEW가 미비한 주름 개선 효능을 나타냈다. 항균 효능은 SEW의 경우 대장균, 녹농균, 표피포도상구균에서 높은 항균 활성 보였으며, SEE의 경우 황색포도상구균, 여드름균에서 높은 항균 활성을 보였다. 항염증 효능은 지질다당류 (LPS)에 의해 염증 이 유발된 RAW 264.7 cell에서 SEE가 SEW에 비해 NO 생성 억제 효과가 우수한 효능을 확인하였다. 또한, iNOS, COX-2의 단백질 발현은 SEE가 SEW에 비해 더 높은 감소량을 보였으며, 이에 따라 mRNA 발현에서도 SEE가 우수한 효능을 보였다. 이는 NO 생성 억제 효과와 동일한 경향을 나타내었 다. 본 연구 결과를 기반으로, SEW는 항산화 및 주름 개선 효과를 나타내고 대장균, 녹농균, 표피포도 상구균에 대한 항균 효과를 보인다. 반면 SEE는 미백 및 항염증 효과를 나타내고 황색포도상구균, 여드 름균에 대한 항균 효과를 보이므로 SEW과 SEE는 제약, 건강식품, 화장품 등과 같은 산업원료의 천연소 재로서 가능성이 있다고 사료된다.

This study investigated the physiological activities of a 70% ethanol extract of jicama by measuring its polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as its DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract were found to be 2.45 GAE/g and 3.98 CE/g, respectively. At a concentration of 5 mg/mL, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, along with the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities, were 52.32%, 45.60%, 47.44%, and 36.96%, respectively.

Fine dust absorbed into our body through the skin causes various inflammatory responses in skin cells and accelerates skin aging. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Allomyrina dichotoma larvae, approved as edible ingredients, as inhibitor for fine dust-induced inflammaging. The anti-inflammaging effects of aqueous ethanolic Allomyrina dichotoma larvae extract (ADLE) against ERM-CZ100 were evaluated at the cellular level. Biochemical responses associated with cell damage in human dermal fibroblasts were assessed by measuring intracellular ROS, DNA fragmentation, β-galactosidase activity, cytokines, and protein expression. Exposure to ERM-CZ100 increased ROS production, DNA fragments, and β-galactosidase activity, which reduced cell viability. However, these detrimental effects were significantly mitigated by co-treatment with ADLE. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by ERM-CZ100 was decreased by ADLE treatment, which was further corroborated by a reduction in COX2 protein expression. Additionally, ADLE restored the elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 levels and reduced COL1A1 expression caused by ERM-CZ100 exposure. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that ADLE not only holds nutritional value as a potential future food resource but also exhibits promising properties as a novel material for treating inflammation. Moreover, it demonstrates a positive effect in preventing skin aging caused by environmental pollution.

This experimental study aimed to determine the anti-obesity effects of burdock(Arctium lapp L.) extract and processed (Beopje) burdock extract in a high fat diet-induced obesity model. When burdock extract was orally administered at a concentration of 250 mg/kg BW and the Beopje burdock extract was administered at 250 and 500 mg/kg BW, they significantly decreased body weights increased by a high-fat diet, improved food efficiency ratio, decreased adipose tissue weight by site, and significantly decreased blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels. Blood ALT and AST contents as liver function-related indices increased by the high fat diet were significantly decreased by the Beopje burdock extract. Results of histological analysis of the liver showed that the Beopje burdock extract alleviated fatty liver phenomenon induced by a high-fat diet. In addition, levels of blood TNF-α, IL-6, and IL1-β increased by a high-fat diet were significantly decreased by ALB-L and ALB-H. Therefore, Beopje burdock extract can improve obesity in a high-fat diet-induced obese animal model by improving blood lipids and blood biochemical indices, increasing body water, and decreasing body fat more than the burdock extract.

Natural products have recently emerged as promising candidates for anticancer therapeutics. However, research on their use as adjuvants to existing chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains limited. This study investigated the potential of METO, a methanol extract derived from Thuja orientalis, to induce apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms in the OSCC cell line HSC4. The results demonstrated that METO induces apoptosis in HSC4 cells, which is likely mediated through the activation of the ERK and JNK pathways, both of which were observed to be activated in METO-treated cells. Additionally, METO-induced apoptosis appears to involve signaling pathways associated with SOCS3 and p53. These findings highlight that METO exhibits strong anticancer activity in OSCC cells and suggest its potential as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for OSCC treatment.

Ainsliaea acerifolia leaves are registered with the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as edible herbal materials in Korea, and research is underway to explore their potential in developing functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In this study, we developed an analytical method using HPLC-DAD to quantify three key compounds—chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid—in A. acerifolia leaves extract. This method has been optimized and validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), and linearity. The correlation coefficients (r²) for the calibration curves exceeded 0.9962. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.3012 and 0.9128 μg/mL for chlorogenic acid, 0.1182 and 0.3582 μg/mL for isochlorogenic acid A, and 0.2342 and 0.7098 μg/mL for 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, respectively. The net recovery rates for accuracy testing were 105.13% for chlorogenic acid, 105.37% for isochlorogenic acid A, and 100.37% for 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. All parameters assessed with this newly developed method fell within the acceptable ranges specified by ICH guidelines. These findings demonstrate that the method is robust and reliable for accurately identifying and quantifying chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in both routine analysis and large-scale extraction process of A. acerifolia leaves.

본 연구는 천연 성분인 천연추출 복합물을 함유한 세정용 화장품의 소취성에 대한 효능을 검증 하고자 하였다. 본 연구대상은 20~50대 성인 21명으로, 헬스기구(로잉머신)를 이용한 액티비티를 시행한 후 사전 피부 측정을 시행하였으며, 실험군은 연구제품으로, 대조군은 물로 세정을 시행하여 사전·후 측정 데이터를 분석하였다. 체취 등급 결과, 물로 세정 하였을 때 체취 등급은 17.10%의 유의한 개선율(p<.05) 을 보였으며, 연구제품으로 세정 시 90.76%의 유의한 개선율(p<.05)을 보였다. 또한 시료 사용 직후 실험 군이 대조군에 비해 체취 등급이 유의하게 개선되었다(p<.05). 체취 강도를 측정한 결과, 물로 세정 하였을 때 체취 강도는 7.99%의 유의한 개선율(p<.05)을 보였으며, 연구제품으로 세정 시 38.12%의 유의한 개선 율(p<.05)을 보였다. 또한 시료 사용 직후 실험군은 대조군에 비해 체취 강도가 유의하게 개선되었음을 확 인하였다(p<.05). 이와 같은 결과로 천연추출 복합물을 함유한 세정용 화장품은 인체의 체취 등급과 체취 강도 개선에 도움을 주는 것으로 확인되었고, 이후 체취 개선을 위한 천연 추출물 화장품 소재개발이 활성 화 될 것으로 기대된다.

The present study was conducted to investigate effects of rabbit meat extract on energy metabolism and muscle differentiation in C2C12 myotubes. Water extract of rabbit meat (10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) was used to treat differentiated C2C12 cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to determine mRNA or protein levels of energy metabolism-related genes. Total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was also measured. Treatment with rabbit meat extract significantly increased expression levels of muscle differentiation markers (myogenin and myosin heavy chain) and mitochondrial biogenesis regulators (PGC1α, NRF1, and TFAM) in C2C12 myotubes compared to non-treated control. Additionally, rabbit meat extract activated phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC). Rabbit meat extract significantly increased ATP contents in myotubes. These results suggest that rabbit meat extract has the potential to improve energy metabolism in skeletal muscles.

Background: Because oxidative stress can induce decreased quality of caprine semen during the storage, there has been limitation for the use of stored semen in the assisted reproductive technologies. The present study, therefore, assesses the potential of Annona muricata (A. muricata ) to reduce semen storage associateddamages. Methods: Semen was collected by electro-ejaculation from ten bucks, and extended with Tris-egg yolk (TEY) supplemented with A. muricata leaf aqueous extract (SAE) at 20 (SAE20), 40 (SAE40), and 80 (SAE80) μg/mL. Sperm variables including motility, motion characteristics, viability, membrane functionality, and DNA integrity were assessed at different storage periods (6, 24, 48, and 72 hr). In addition, oxidative stress indicators in the extender supplemted with SAE were also assessed for each group. Results: By adding SAE at 80 μg/mL in TEY, the storage of goat buck semen was improved, resulting in reduced loss of sperm motility, viability, DNA fragmentation, and membrane integrity during chilled storage at 4℃ for up to 72 hr. In addition, enrichment of TEY extender with SAE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced malondialdehyde, an indicator of oxidative stress, compared to the negative control. Conclusions: Supplementation of SAE in TEY extender can reduce buck spermatozoa liquid storage associated damages due to oxidative stress.

Background: Typical difficulties encountered during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to produce embryos in pigs include poor pronucleus formation and poor-quality fertilized embryos because of high polysperm invasion. In this study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation with apple seed extract (ASE) and coculture systems on porcine in vitro-fertilized embryo culture. Methods: Slaughterhouse-derived ovaries were used to obtain cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). COCs were conventionally used to perform IVF. We examined the differences in apoptosis and metabolism during development following addition of ASE to normal culture and coculture systems. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cell development-related factors, and apoptotic proteins were compared in porcine embryos produced under different conditions. Results: The expression of genes related to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling was increased in the coculture system. In the ASE group, early apoptosis and necrosis were reduced in fertilized embryos and the late survival rate increased. Supplementation of the coculture system with ASE led to increased expression of BCL-2 and decreased expression of Casp-3 in the cytoplasm, thereby lowering the apoptosis rate and inducing MMP expression. In addition, compared with the extract-supplemented group in normal culture, the activity of MMP-2 decreased in the coculture system supplemented with ASE, activity of MMP-9 increased, and the expression of dynactin p62 and BrdU in the cytoplasm was higher than that in the other groups. Conclusions: The coculture system increased the activity of the embryonic cytoplasm compared with the non-coculture system. Supplementation with ASE may induce cell activity and inhibit the expression of apoptotic factors.

Hair dyeing, hair perming, and daily hair dryer use can substantially damage hair. Consequently, the demand for products containing natural ingredients for the care of damaged hair is growing. Although polyphenols with antioxidant effects are often used for hair conditioning, few studies have focused on hair conditioning, and the potential of Sparassis latifolia mushroom extract for hair improvement has not been evaluated to date. In this study, the antioxidant activity of and polyphenol content in hot water, 70% and 100% ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and water extracts of S. latifolia were analyzed. A hair treatment containing S. latifolia extract was prepared, and its effect on damaged hair was evaluated. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the hot water and EtOAc extracts. Moreover, polyphenol analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy confirmed that the EtOAc fraction has relatively high contents of specific polyphenols beneficial for hair. Based on these results, a hair treatment containing S. latifolia extract was applied to damaged hair, and hair improvement was evaluated using hair thickness, tensile strength, and scanning electron microscopy. The hair treatment containing 70% EtOH extract effectively improved hair condition. We postulate that this improvement was caused by the high hydrophobic polyphenol content in the 70% EtOH extract.

Cirsium setidens, Allium hookeri, Aronia melancocarpa, are popular dietary ingredients for Asian cuisine or beverage. this study attempted to search and report the antioxidant activity of extracts of aronia, gondre and samchae, which are used for food in Korea. As a result, total phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity tended to increase, and Gondre extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity effect. The results of a study on the ABTS radical scavenging activity of extracts of Gondre, Aronia, and Samchae showed a tendency for radical scavenging activity to increase as the concentration increased. Gondre hot water extract showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity. In this way, antioxidant activity was shown in the order of Gondre, Aronia, and Samchae, and the concentration showed a high activity effect at high concentrations. In the cell protection effect results, the concentration of Gondre extract was 500 μg/mL, the Samchae alcohol extract was used at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 μg/mL, and the Aronia extract was used at concentrations of 125 μg/mL. and showed a cytoprotective effect at 250 μg/mL. We hope that these research results will be used as basic data for the development of various functional foods.