In this study, in order to establish a strategy for developing an fire following earthquake risk assessment method that can utilize domestic public databases(building datas, etc.), the method of calculating the ignition and fire-spread among the fire following earthquake risk assessment methodologies proposed by past researchers is investigated After investigating and analyzing the methodology used in the HAZUS-MH earthquake model in the United States and the fire following earthquake risk assessment methodology in Japan, based on this, a database such as a domestic building data utilized to an fire following earthquake risk assessment method suitable for domestic circumstances (planned) was suggested.

Recently, the number of cases of fire spreading due to exterior materials of buildings is increasing. Due to the nature of modern architecture, which emphasizes the aesthetics of buildings, because buildings pursue a splendid appearance, they are inexpensive and have relatively good insulation performance, but an increasing number of buildings are adopting insulation materials that have poor fire safety performance. The risk of spread is also greatly increased. Since the exterior wall of a building is made of a variety of materials and structures, it is composed of a combination of several elements, including materials such as insulation and finishing materials. Therefore, it was determined that it was necessary to introduce a more systematic evaluation method for building exterior materials, and to improve the system reflecting this, away from the existing evaluation method that only checked the fire safety performance of finishing materials.

Recently, advanced countries assessment the risk of fire to prevent large-scale damage to high-rise buildings, In addition, performance-Based design, which is a fire risk assessment, is being conducted in Korea to prevent massive damage to high-rise buildings. However, unlike advanced countries, fire risk assessment in Korea is subject to fire risk assessment only for objects subject to consent from fire-fighting facilities such as building permits, When building engineers and fire-fighting engineers assessment the risk of fire, It has always been discussed because the results vary depending on which part of the evaluation is focused between economic feasibility and safety. Therefore, in this study, we would like to propose a fire risk assessment process suitable for domestic conditions by comparing the process of performance-based design, which is a domestic fire risk assessment, and the process of Iso/TC 16732 which is an overseas fire risk assessment.

This study analyzed ignition probability about Lithium-polymer batteries of what variously were being produced wearable devices recently. The study analyzed ignition probability by PCM(Protection Circuit Module) operating state and overcharged, over-discharged, exposed to high temperatures of Lithium polymer batteries, analyzing wearable devices on the market. Then it classified experimental results to implement analysis comparison about weight, X-ray imaging, battery decomposition. With these experiments, the study analyzed combustion-possibility and fire patterns. These statistics will be used to measure and verify the cause of a fire when identify wearable devices using Lithium-polymer batteries.

This paper recognizes the risk of ignition of air fryer (machine that can cook fried dishes with hot air without oil) that is far exceeding the sales rate of microwave ovens, which is necessary to modern household kitchen, and identifies fire risk through the operation principle of the process of heat transfer, and the main structure of the machine. The fire test that we conducted is to observe the risk of ignition of the machine due to the damage to the safety system and the possibility of igniting oil paper along with food, to experiment with the possibility of ignition due to blockage of the exhaust due to obstacles, and accumulation of oil stains on the hot wire, and to present the method of fire control and devise countermeasures.

Performance based design(PBD) is the method to make a fire safety design against them after predicting the factors of fire risk in a building. Therefore, predicting fire risk in a building is very important process in PBD. For predicting fire risk of a building, an engineer of PBD must consider various factors such as ignition location, ignition point, ignition source, first ignited item, second ignited item, flash over, the state of door and fire suppression system. But, it is difficult to trust fire safety capacity of the design because the process in Korea' PBD is unprofessional and unreasonable. This paper had surveyed some cases of PBD that had been made in Korea to find the problems of the process to predict fire risk. And it have proposed the improvements of process to predict fire risk of a building.

This study tried to identify the effects of ergonomic risk factors for absence from work of fire fighters in Korea. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for this study. The questionnaire consisted of several parts such as 'general information', 'work-related factors', 'physical & chemical risk factors', 'ergonomic risk factors', and 'absence information'. A total of 7,098 fire fighters participated in this study. The data obtained from the survey was mainly analyzed by logistic regression. A total of 856 out of 7,098 fire fighters experienced absence from work. The risk factors such as gender, age, marital status, education level, total work year, work area. position, job rotation, noise, dust, organic solvent, skin contact with chemical substance, toxic waste, regional vibration, manual material handling, continuous standing posture, awkward working posture were associated with absence from work. Specifically, awkward working posture and manual material handling from ergonomic risk factors were major risk factors for absence from work.

본 연구는 소방대원의 화재진압 업무를 인간공학적 평가도구(RULA, REBA)를 이용 하여 분석하고 타업종(병원, 자동차업종)과의 비교를 수행하였다. 첫째, 소방대원들의 업무 중 화재진압 업무의 인간공학적 작업자세 분석 및 평가하여 극단적인 작업자세에 대해서 살펴보았다. 요구조자 1인 운반법은 RULA, REBA의 평가 결과에서 모두 정밀조사가 필요하고 즉시 개선․조치가 요구되는 4단계로 평가되었다. 둘째, 화재진압 업무와 타업종과(병원, 자동차업종)의 분석 결과를 비교 분석을 실시 하였다. RULA로 평가한 결과 3, 4단계가 차지하는 비율이 72%로 자동차 업종(74%) 에서의 평가결과 보다 낮게 나타났지만 병원업종(37%)보다는 높게 나타났다. REBA로 평가한 결과 3, 4단계가 차지하는 비율이 36%로 병원(9%)과 자동차 업종(24%)에서의 평가결과보다 높게 평가된 것으로 나타났다.

Recently, in circumstantial situation it is recommended positively to utilize of EIFS(Exterior Insulating and Finishing System) as energy policy for economizing energy. But internal EPS insulators of EIFS are exterior panel of high fire risk, because of constituting of flammable materials to be fragile in fire. In this study, fire risk is assessed by experiment Con Calorimeter test and SBI(Single Burning Item) test. As the result of experiment, Con Calorimeter tests do not reach to capability standard of internal incombustible grade, and are assessed as low grade in SBI incombustible grade. Because EIPS is exterior material in buildings with high fire risk in spite of good efficiency, it is required rapidly to take measures to meet situation through various studies(for instance, adjusting law regulation, etc.) in the future.

세계의 모든 나라가 화석연료를 대체하는 태양광, 풍력 등의 그린에너지 기술개발에 주력하고 있으며, 한편으로는 에너지의 효율제고 및 재생을 위하여 폐기물로부터의 자원순환을 이룩하는 폐기에너지 회수에도 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 그 하나의 방편이 버려지는 쓰레기에서 에너지를 회수하는 고형재생연료인 RDF(생활폐기물 고형연료 제품, Refuse Derived Fuel) 생산이다. 우리나라에서는 유일하게 강원도 원주시에서 하루 80톤을 생산하고 있으며 아직은 기술도입 초기단계에 있는 가연성폐기물의 연료화 기술이다. RDF의 특성은 불연성 성분이 제거된 일반 가연물을 분쇄하여 압출성형 가공한 펠릿형상의 고체연료로서의 열적 특성이 우수하나 화재안전 측면에서는 제조 및 취급공정에서의 일반적인 가연물 화재위험성을 가지고 있고, 저장과정에서는 축열발열에 의한 자연발화 위험성이 상존하며, 저장형태, 특히 사이로의 경우 구조특성으로 인하여 화재진압도 쉽지않다. 본 논문에서는 일본의 RDF 화재사례를 중심으로 그 화재 위험 특성과 안전대책을 고찰하고자 한다.

A successful fire risk assessment is depends on identification of risk, the analytical process of potential risk, on estimation of likelihood and the width and depth of consequence. Take the influence on enterprise into consideration, Fire risk assessment could carry out along the evaluation of the risk importance, the risk level and the risk acceptance. A large part of the limitation of choosing the risk assessment techniques impose restrictions on expense and time. If it is unnecessary high level risk assessment or Probabilistic Risk Assessment of buildings, in compliance with the Relative Ranking Method, Fire risk indexing and assessing is possible. As working-level technique, AHP method is useful with practical technique.

This study is carried out for the fire safety of the factory building, the fire risk reduction measure in compliance with an example approached in fire risk reduction systematically, contribute to reduce the fire risk. The analytical fire risk process of discovering, identifying, estimating and evaluating risk and control measure as risk reduction measures are core concept, applies loss prevention with loss control techniques. The painting process in the workplace where the fire hazard and death accident accompanies coexists. Loss prevention problem of creation prevention of dangerous atmosphere at workplace is health and human services problem of normal circumstances, must be inspected with problem of combustible gases at the time of fire explosion. Static electricity measure accomplished the risk control process thoroughly as the fire risk reduction process model with the ignition sources measure which is presented. Fire risk from within organizing will be able to classify with each field by detailedly but risk treatment process will be able to apply basically all the same concept. Consequently about risk management example from before, this study is proposed risk management techniques that standardized rightly in the actual condition of organization with one plan, with discovery of fire risk, the feedback process in compliance with a fire risk reduction and the review which control the result is joint responsibility of engineer, technical expert and manager as part of safety management to practice with the fact must be supervised.

최근 교통과 물류의 발달과 함께 위험물 수송의 증가와 교통량의 증가로 인하여, 주요한 사회기반시설물 중 하나인 교량에 대하여 예상하지 못한 화재사고 화재 발생이 증가하는 추세이다. 또한, 교량 하부 공간의 효율적인 사용에 대한 요구가 늘어남에 따라, 하부에 유조차 및 화물차 등의 위험물질이 적치되는 비율이 증가하고 있으며, 앞서 기술한 이유들로 인하여 최근 교량의 화재 발생 위험성이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 피해를 줄이기 위해, 교량에 대한 화재 위험도 평가가 수행된 사례가 있으나, 사용자의 관점에서 안전성을 고려한 실용적 으로 위험도를 평가할 수 있는 모델이 부족하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국도교량에 적용 가능한 정량적인 위험도 평가모델을 제시하였다. 교량의 화재위험도에 큰 영향을 미치는 형하고, 화재강도, 교량의 재료, 소방차량 도착시간 등을 주요인자들로 선정하였으며, 선정된 인자들을 FDS에 반영하여 화재강도와 지속시간에 따른 각 교량의 최고 온도를 산출하였다. FDS 해석결과와 위험도 등급기준, 소방차량 도착시간을 반영한 화 재 위험도 평가 모델과 위험도에 따른 대응방안을 수립하였다. GIS의 네트워크 분석기능을 통해 소방서에서 교량까지의 도착시간을 예시적으 로 산출하였으며, 이를 통해 예시적인 교량의 위험도 등급을 평가하고, 그에 따른 대응방안을 제안하였다.

This paper aims at optimizing fire risk assessment for highway bridges using different classification schemes. Based on results, highway bridges are categorized into three groups according to fire risk levels and compared to actual cases of fire incidents. From comparisons, it is required to determine the proper classification scheme according to type of risk and data.

Historical villages are a highly valuable historical and cultural resource to directly/indirectly recognize and experience unique traditional culture in our daily lives. There are eight historical villages worldwide designated by UNESCO's ICOMOS. Preserving and passing these historical villages down to future generations is one of the key imperatives. Such natural disasters as earthquake, heavy snow and damage from storm and flood are potential risk factors of historical villages. Manmade disasters like theft also pose a risk to historical villages. But, it is fire that poses highest risk to historical villages particularly when folk structures in the villages are built by accessible wood, silver grass and straw. Hahoe Village and Yangdong Village in Korea have straw-roofed houses and Shirakawa-go in Japan has silver grass-roofed houses. Combustion characteristics of these roof materials need to be identified in order to enhance fire safety in historical villages. This study used cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) to measure combustion characteristics of straw in Korea and silver grass in Japan. It also analyzed Time to Ignition (TTI), Effective Heat of Combustion(EHC), Heat Release Rate(HRR), Total Heat Release(THR), Mass Loss Rate(MLR) and temperature and time of natural ignition. Database on combustion characteristics of straw and silver grass will be used to predict fire property of buildings and structures in historical villages.

건축물에 설치되는 피난계단 및 특별피난계단에는 망이 들어 있는 유리의 붙박이창(이하 ‘망입 유리 붙박이창’이라 함)으로서 그 면적이 각각 1제곱미터 이하인 것에 대하여는 건축물의 다른 부분에 설치하는 창문등으로부터 2미터 미만의 거리에 설치할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 망입 유리 붙박이창에 대해 내화성능을 평가한 결과 일정 수준의 내화성능을 확보하지 못하는 것으로 나타나 화재 시 피난계단 및 특별피난계단이 화재위험에 노출되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 시중에서 널리 유통되고 있는 다양한 크기의 망입 유리 붙박이창에 대한 내화성능 평가를 수행하여 화재위험성을 검토함으로써 관련 제도의 개선을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다.

샌드위치패널은 시공상의 용이함과 비용대비 높은 단열효과를 가지는 장점으로 공장 및 창고등 많은 분야에서 시공이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 지난 안성 냉동창고 화재사고에서 볼 수 있는 가연성 패널이 가지는 화재확산 위험성이 상존하고 있어 대형 화재사고의 주범으로 지목되고 있으며, 소방활동을 하는 일선 소방관들에게 큰 위해 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 샌드위치패널의 화재위험성을 평가하기 위하여 가연성 패널과 글라스울 패널의 비교실험을 실시 하였다. 실험을 위하여 ISO 9705에서 제시된 구획실을 구성하였으며 내부에는 목재크립을 적재하여 화재를 모사하였다. 실험결과 가연성 패널의 경우 화재발생 후 약 2분후에 플래쉬오버가 발생하여 붕괴가 진행되었으며, 내부 최대온도는 976℃로 고온으로 측정되었다. 따라서 현재의 시편크기의 시험에서는 평가하기 어려운 구조적 안정성등 종합적인 화재 안전 평가를 위한 실규모의 화재 성능 평가법(KS F ISO 9705등)의 도입이 적극 검토되어야 할 것으로 평가된다.

산불은 광범위한 면적에 걸쳐 확산되고, 빠른 의사결정을 해야 한다는 점에서 산불지도의 작성이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 산불 발생, 예방, 확산, 진화, 피해, 대피, 복구 분야로 구분하여 관련 산불지도를 작성하였다. 이러한 산불지도는 총 6종으로 어디에서 산불이 발생할 것인가의 산불발생확률지도, 기존 감시시설로부터 감시 취약지역이 어디인가를 제시한 산불감시환경지도, 어느 숲에서 수관화로 발생하여 산불이 대형화될 것인가를 분석한 수관화위험지도, 어느 지역이 산불로 인해 피해를 크게 받을 것인가를 분석한 산불취약지도, 산불 발생 시 어디로 어떻게 대피해야 하는가의 산불대피지도, 산불 후 특정 지역을 어떻게 복구해야 할 것인가의 산불복구지도 등이다.이러한 지도를 활용하면 산불감시원과 진화차량 등 한정된 자원을 효과적으로 배치할 수 있다. 또한 동시에 산불이 여러 건 발생했을 때 진화 우선순위를 결정하는 데에도 활용할 수 있다. 산불소화시설, 산불방지 숲가꾸기 대상 후보지 선정 또한 가능하다.