This study empirically analyzes the factors influencing the commuting time of households with multiple commuters in Chungnam Province. In particular, we examined how the commuting time varies between commuters depending on their wage gaps. A regression equation, in which the dependent variable was the difference in commuting time, was used. The key independent variable was the wage gap for households with two commuters. Further estimations were performed on samples restricted to dual-income couples with additional variables such as the wife’s household work burden, number of preschool children, and number of caregivers for children. Based on the results of the empirical analyses using the Chungnam Social Survey, the larger the wage gap between two commuters in a household, the longer the commuting time for high-wage commuters than for low-wage commuters. This contradicts the argument that a higher opportunity cost of commuting for higher wages should reduce the commuting time. In the analysis of dual-income couples, the wife’s commuting time was relatively shorter than that of the husband’s because of the burden of housework; however, the influence of childcare was not observed. As households with multiple commuters or dual-income couples become increasingly common, and the structure of cities changes from monocentric to multicentric, deciding where to live has become more complicated. Long-time and long-distance commuting can lead to wasteful commuting, and this needs to be considered as a social cost owing to the possibility of traffic congestion beyond the loss for the individual concerned. Therefore, the government’s urban policies, including housing and transportation policies, must be improved.

본 연구는 주거환경과 행복의 관계를 살펴보고, 주거환경과 행복의 영향 관계에서 가구소득의 매개효과가 있는지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 국회미래연구원의 ‘2023년 한국행복조사(3차 조사)’에 응답한 전국 일반 국민 15세 이상 16,305명을 대상으로 SPSS 25.0과 Process Macro 4.1를 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 주거환경에 대한 긍정적 인식 수준이 높을수록 행복이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 가구소득 이 높을수록 행복이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 주거환경과 행복의 관 계에서 가구소득이 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 행복을 높이기 위해서는 주거환경을 개선하고 가구소득을 증대 또는 안정을 위한 공공정책의 방향성과 정책적 함의를 제시하였다.

This study evaluated changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aerosol particle concentrations following the use of certain spray-type household chemical products in an indoor environment. Four commercially available products in South Korea (including sticker/tar removers, a razor cleaner, and a fabric stain remover) were analyzed using real-time VOC monitoring with proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and particle number concentration measurement with an Optical Particle Sizer. Immediately after spraying 17 grams of each product, VOC concentrations increased sharply, and hazardous substances such as benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and acrolein remained at elevated levels for a certain period. Additionally, some products exhibited benzene concentrations exceeding levels of potential exposure concern, and the operation of an air purifier reduced VOC levels by 73%. This research provides insight into changes in indoor air quality and associated exposure risks due to household chemical use, and it may serve as a basis for future air quality management and regulatory standards.

The objectives of the study were to examine food waste generation and reduction efforts at home, and to identify factors affecting the intention to reduce food waste. A total of 3,321 food buyer responses were used from the 2022 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. Statistical methods for a complex sample were applied by using a SPSS program (ver. 26.0). The average daily food waste generation per household significantly differed by the main food purchaser’s age and household size. Plate waste and food waste from preparation were the main types of food waste. A multiple regression analysis revealed that intention to reduce food waste was influenced by the main types of food waste, the average daily amount of food waste, the perceived amount of food waste, and the perceived importance of food waste reduction after adjusting for the age of the main food purchaser and household size. Since the amount of food waste was affected by a series of food behaviors as well as consumer’s intention to reduce waste, empirical research on the types and amounts of food waste generated in Korean households and qualitative research on behaviors and attitude affecting food waste are needed.

This study aimed to understand the needs of consumers in the meal kit market and determine the impact of meal kit selection attributes according to the consumption behavior of single-person households on purchase decisions and satisfaction. A summary of the results of this study is as follows: First, the most frequent purchase frequency of meal kits was 2 to 3 times a month. The reason for purchase was that it was easy to consume, and the most common purpose of purchase was for consumption. Second, four factors, including health, convenience, taste, and economics, were derived as a result of a factor analysis of meal kit selection attributes. The difference in meal kit selection attributes according to age groups revealed that those in their 20s had high scores with respect to health and taste factors, and economic factors appeared statistically significant. Third, an analysis of the meal kit product selection attributes showed that health and taste factors had a positive influence on satisfaction. This can be said to reflect the tendency of single-person households to give weightage to healthy eating and to purchase products that can be consumed conveniently.

본 연구의 목적은 쌀소득보전직불제가 농가소득 변동성에 미친 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 분석에는 2013~2017년 '농가경제조사'와 '농축산물 생산비 조사'에서 추출한 375개 농가 패널 자료가 사용되었다. 분석방법은 변동계수 비교, 분산분해분석, 그리고 로버스터 회귀모형을 이용하였다. 직불금 여부에 따른 농가소득 변동성 차이를 분석한 결과, 직불금은 농가소득의 변동성을 유의하게 감소시킨 것으로 확인되었다. 분산분해분석을 통해 농업소득의 분산은 총수입(변동직불금 제외)의 분산으로 75%, 농업비용의 분산으로 19.8%, 변동직불금의 분산으로 6.0% 설명될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 회귀분석 결과 쌀재배면적이 클수록 소득안정화 효과는 커지는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 기혼 여성의 가사분담 어려움, 양육 어려움, 경제 수준이 추 가 출산 의향에 미치는 영향에서 사회 신뢰도의 조절효과를 검증하는 것 에 목적이 있다. 연구자료는 한국보건사회연구원에서 실시한 2021 가족 과 출산 조사 자료를 기반으로 하였으며, 연구대상은 20대~40대 기혼 여 성 2,064명이다. 연구 목적에 따른 분석을 위해 SPSS 25.0을 활용하였 으며 빈도 분석, 기술통계, 상관관계, 인과관계 분석을 진행하였다. 연구 결과 가사분담 어려움이 적을수록, 양육 어려움이 적을수록, 사회 신뢰도 가 높을수록 추가 출산에 영향이 있었다. 특히 평균중심화를 통하여 확 인한 사회 신뢰도의 조절효과로 가사분담 어려움과 사회 신뢰도의 상호 작용, 양육 어려움과 사회 신뢰도의 상호작용이 기혼 여성의 추가 출산 의향에 영향을 미쳤다. 이에 가사분담 어려움과 양육 어려움 해소, 사회 신뢰도 증진을 위한 정책 및 실천적 함의를 제시했다.

본 연구는 1인 가구구성원과 다인 가구구성원 간에 주거환경 만족도 차이를 규명하고, 반려동물이 1인 가구구성원의 주거환경 만족에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 검증하는 것이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 ‘2022년 서울서베이 가구주조사’ 원시 데이터로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 그리고 SPSS 21.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 상관관계분석, T- 검정, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 주거환경 만족도는 1인 가구구성원 보 다 다인 가구구성원이 더 높았다. 둘째, 1인 가구구성원의 경우 반려동물을 소유할수록 주거환경 만족도가 증가하였다. 셋째, 1인 가구구성원의 경우 반려동물(개, 고양이 제외) 수가 증가할수록 주거환경 만족도가 감소하였다. 연구결과에 근거하여 1인 가구구성원의 주거환경 만족도 향상을 위한 방안으로써 개나 고양이와 같은 반려동물 소유의 필요성을 제안하였다.

우리 사회는 1960년대 산업화 이후 경제, 정치 등 다양한 영역에서 급속한 근대화와 압축 성장을 이루었다. 하지만 이러한 성장 속에서 계층 간 소득 격차와 양극화가 심화되는 등 여러 문제가 발생했고, 이는 국토 전체적으로는 물론 도시 내에서도 지역 간 불균형 발전을 야기했다. 본 연구는 소득 수준이 지역 간 불균형 발전에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 가구별 연평균 소득과 인프라 접근성 간 관계를 실증적으로 분석한다. 연구에서는 서울시 소득 수준 데이터와 인프라 데이터를 사용하여 소득 수준과 인프라 접근성 간 관계를 다중회귀분석을 사용해 분석하였다. 연구의 공간적 범위는 서울시이며, 시간적 범위는 2017년으로 설정했다. 인프라 시설은 교육, 교통, 문화･여가, 보건, 체육 관련 시설로 구분했으며, 소득 수준과 함께 인구 밀도, 인구 수, 중심업무지구 여부 등이 접근성에 미치는 영향을 분석했다. 분석 결과 소득 수준에 따라 인프라 접근성에 차이가 나타난 것을 확인했고, 교통 인프라를 제외한 모든 분야에서 비교적 높은 상관관계가 도출되었다. 또한, 소득 수준 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 분야와 소득 수준에 따라 나타나는 인프라 접근성의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.

This study aimed to determine the association between household types and healthy dietary practices among Korean adults. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationwide data on 23,488 participants from the 2017-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Based on self-reported data, the participant household types were classified into single- and multi-person households. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for healthy dietary practices according to household types were calculated by applying multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounders. Of total, 11.21% and 88.79% were single- and multi-person households, respectively. Compared with individuals living in multi-person households, those in single-person households had lower odds of adhering to healthy dietary practices (AOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98) and consuming adequate saturated fatty acids (<7% of energy) (AOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88). In addition, men and individuals aged 65 years living in single-person households exhibited lower odds of consuming adequate saturated fatty acids and 500 g of fruit and vegetables per day than those in multi-person households. Single-person households often find it a challenge to practice a healthy diet. Hence, nutritional policies and educational support that help individuals living alone consume healthier diets are warranted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between household economic changes by COVID-19 and dietary habits in Korean adolescents. The study analyzed data from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2021. A total of 54,848 middle and high school students, 28,401 males and 26,447 females, participated in this study. COVID-19 lead to deterioration of household economy in the lower level of household economic status (p<0.001). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits such as lower breakfast intake, and higher fast food, soda drinks, and sweet drinks consumption (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that deterioration of household economic status was significantly decreased in frequency of breakfast intake (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.67~0.80). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was also significantly associated with increased frequency of fast food (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.16~1.41), soda drinks (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.30~1.56) and sweet drinks (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.24~1.46) consumption (p<0.001). In conclusion, it was confirmed that the change in household economy caused by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits in adolescents. As the household economy deteriorated, there was an increase in undesirable dietary habits including skipping breakfast and fast food consumption.

The standards for heavy metal levels in crustaceans are 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg or lower for lead and cadmium, respectively. Further, the contamination levels of arsenic, mercury, methyl mercury, and tin are being continuously investigated, considering their current exposure levels. Shrimps are potentially exposed to heavy metals because they inhabit areas with abundant organic matter, such as sandy or muddy shores, places with a lot of seaweed, and estuaries. This study measured the monetary value of reducing consumer anxiety and increasing consumer confidence if the government prohibits the sale of shrimp species that exceed the threshold for specific heavy metals and of the top shrimp species for which no threshold for heavy metals is specified. We derived consumer willingness-topay (WTP). Combining the estimated WTP with the number of households in the country, the total value of benefits was estimated to be 363.9 billion won. The results of this study will provide an important empirical finding, showing to what extent specific policies regarding heavy metals in seafood can alleviate consumer anxiety and provide psychological reassurance.

This study employed the Gini coefficient decomposition analysis to classify and examine fishery household income inequality according to income sources. The raw data from the Fisheries Economic Survey by the National Statistical Office were used for the analysis after equalization according to the recommended method of the OECD. In particular, the Gini coefficient was decomposed by classifying with and without public subsidies, and the contribution, correlation, and marginal effect by income source were presented.As a result of the analysis, the inequality of fishing income and non-fishing income of fishermen was worsening, and the inequality of transfer income was continuously easing. Among them, fisheries subsidies have been analyzed to have the greatest contribution to the Gini coefficient of gross income and the highest relative marginal effect, although distribution inequality has been alleviated. On the other hand, other subsidies, including public pensions, were found to have the opposite contribution, correlation, and marginal effect to fisheries subsidies. The results of this analysis showed that even within public subsidies, the contribution to income redistribution might differ depending on the nature of the subsidy. In addition, in the case of other public subsidies, it can be seen that the transition from selective welfare to universal welfare occurs.

이 글은 남한 동해안에 유입된 북한 생활쓰레기로부터 시작된다. 그동안 북한 쓰레기가 남한에 유입된다는 사실은 해양쓰레기 실태조사 관련 연구 에서 주로 이루어졌다. 환동해권 해양쓰레기 유입 등에 관한 연구에서도 주로 한국과 일본, 극동러시아 등의 유입 현황에 관한 연구는 있지만, 북 한은 논의의 대상에서 제외되었다. 본 연구는 기존의 해양학 관점이 아닌 북한학 관점에서 남한 해안에 유입된 북한 쓰레기 문제를 다루었다. 북한 생활쓰레기 중 상품포장지는 직접적으로 북한 상품 생산 현황과 브랜드 등을 알 수 있으며, 간접적으로는 북한 내 경제 상황과 상품 유통 지역망 등을 알 수 있기 때문이다. 동해안 지역에서 수거한 북한제품 포장지를 살 펴보면 대부분 생산공장은 평양으로 표기되었다. 이를 통해 평양에서 생산 한 제품이 동해안 지역으로 유통됨을 알 수 있다. 또한 동해안 지역은 북 한을 대표하는 대도시인 원산, 청진, 함흥, 라선 등이 있는데, 실제로 상품 포장지에는 이 지역 생산공장이 표기되는 사례도 있었다. 김정은 집권 이 후 매년 국가적 차원에서 국가디자인전시회를 개최할 만큼 산업미술을 강 조하는데, 특히 상품의 고유한 특징을 표현하는 상표도안을 강조한다. 본 연구에서는 동해안 주요 도시에서 생산한 제품을 중심으로 같은 품목이지 만 공장별로 어떻게 상표도안이 다른지 살펴봤다. 북한 쓰레기에 대한 북 한학적 시각과 해양학적 시각의 학제간 연구를 통해 남한에 유입되는 북 한 생활쓰레기에 대한 연구의 폭을 넓혀갈 필요가 있다.

이 논문은 동계작물 재배면적 배분 비율의 의사결정 요인과 그 영향을 파악하기 위한 재배면적 함수의 구축과 추정에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 지난 30년 동안(1991~2021) 동계작물 생산 농가의 최적 면적 배분 과정에서 생산물 가격요인과 투입 요소 생산비 요인의 영향을 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 생산물 가격요인으로 작물의 자체 가격 상승은 재배면적을 증가시키고, 대체 작물의 가격 상승은 재배면적을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 투입 요소 생산비 요인은 작물에 따라 증감의 방향이 혼재되어 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 가격 및 투입 요소 비용 변화로 인한 과잉 과소 생산을 방지하고 수급 안정을 도모하기 위해서는 주산지 및 지역별 작목변화와 생산량 예측이 선행되어 수급 정책 수립 시 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있다.

This study aimed to investigate the need for dietary education and programs for young Koreans belonging to singleperson households in the metropolitan area. A total of 500 young adults aged 19-34 participated in the study through an online survey. Participants responded to questions on general characteristics, dietary problems, and the need for dietary education and programs. The subjects were divided into three groups as follows: Undergraduate students, employed workers, and others. Among the subjects from single-person households, 20.2, 67, and 12.8% were undergraduate students, employed workers, and others, respectively. When asked for their estimation of an appropriate self-pay when participating in a cooking class, 39.8% of total subjects responded ‘5,000-10,000 won’. The most preferred program for young adults in single-person households was the ‘support food package’. For the preferred method of dietary education, undergraduate students showed a greater preference for classes ‘at campuses’. However, employed workers and others had a higher preference for ‘non-face-to-face online classes’. Undergraduate students tended to generally have a higher preference for dietary education and support programs compared to employed workers and others. This study provides data that will be useful for establishing healthy dietary policies and education programs for young single-person households in Korea.

The risk of various hazardous substances in aquatic environment comprises not only the concentration of substances in the environmental medium but also their accumulation in fish through complex food web and the health risks to humans through the fish. In Korea, the monitoring of residual toxicant in aquatic ecosystems began in 2016 following the enforcement of the Acts on registration and evaluation for the management of chemicals used in daily life (consumer chemical products), and attention has been paid to potentially hazardous substances attributed to them. Recently, studies have been carried out to investigate the distribution of these hazardous substances in the ecosystem and calculate their emission factors. These include the accumulation and transport of substances, such as detergents, dyes, fragrances, cosmetics, and disinfectants, within trophic levels. This study summarizes the results of recently published research on the inflow and distribution of hazardous substances from consumer chemical products to the aquatic environment and presents the scientific implication. Based on studies on aquatic environment monitoring techniques, this study suggests research directions for monitoring the residual concentration and distribution of harmful chemical substances in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, this study introduces the directions for research on trophic position analysis using compound specific isotope analysis and trophic magnification factors, which are needed to fulfill the contemporary requirements of selecting target fish based on the survey of major fish that inhabit domestic waters and assessment of associated health risk. In addition, this study provides suggestions for future biota monitoring and chemical research in Korea.

This study was conducted to provide basic data for product development and marketing strategies for the Thai home meal replacement (HMR) market, to reflect the changing trends in household sizes in Thailand. The results of analyzing the characteristics and differences of HMR consumption behavior between single-person households and multi-person households in Thailand were as follows: It was found that single-person households use HMR to save money and for the convenience in cooking and preparation. In the preference by HMR type, multi-person households showed a higher preference for all types of products than single-person households. Thai consumers, regardless of their household size, mainly use department stores and large shopping malls to purchase HMR, and they most prefer to get information through Internet advertisements. The shelf life, quality, taste, hygiene, and freshness of HMR were the main considerations for their selection. Based on the results of this study, the Thai market requires the development of HMR products that are reasonable in terms of cost and preparation time. In addition, it is necessary to develop products that can satisfy consumer needs, such as nutritional enhancement and therapeutic foods, products that are organic, eco-friendly, cater to various menus, and address the premium segment.