The activation energy to create a phase transformation or for the reaction to move to the next stage in the milling process can be calculated from the slop of the DSC plot, obtained at the various heating rates for mechanically activated Al-Ni alloy systems by using Kissinger's equation. The mechanically activated material has been called “the driven material” as it creates new phases or intermetallic compounds of AlNi in Al-Ni alloy systems. The reaction time for phase transformation by milling can be calculated using the activation energy obtained from the above mentioned method and from the real required energy. The real required energy (activation energy) could be calculated by subtracting the loss energy from the total input energy (calculated input energy from electric motor). The loss energy and real required energy divided by the reaction time are considered the “metabolic energy” and “the effective input energy”, respectively. The milling time for phase transformation at other Al-Co alloy systems from the calculated data of Al-Ni systems can be predicted accordingly.

Considering the situation in the early 20th century when the existing urban system centered on urban areas began to change, the biggest factors causing urban structural changes in urban areas are construction of railroad and urban dismantling. The change process of Eupseong, in the microscopic viewpoint, can be understood as a process of change in the course of dismantlement of town's demarcation, improvement of accessibility and urban expansion due to the construction of railroads, process of urban expansion following the crumbling boundaries and structural changes. This study aimed to look at the transformation process of the Eupseong in the early 20th century, focusing on the demolition of the castle and the railway construction from a microscopic point of view of city.

This study investigates the effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on the damping capacity of the Fe-20Mn-12Cr- 3Ni-3Si alloy with deformation induced martensite transformation. Dislocation, αʹ and ε-martensite are formed, and the grain size is refined by deformation and thermo-mechanical treatment. With an increasing number cycles in the thermo-mechanical treatment, the volume fraction of ε-martensite increases and then decreases, whereas dislocation and α'-martensite increases, and the grain size is refined. In thermo-mechanical treated specimens with five cycles, more than 10 % of the volume fraction of ε-martensite and less than 3 % of the volume fraction of αʹ-martensite are attained. Damping capacity decreases by thermomechanical treatment and with an increasing number of cycles of thermo-mechanical treatment, and this result shows an opposite tendency for general metal with deformation induced martensite transformation. The damping capacity of the thermomechanical treated damping alloy with deformation induced martensite transformation greatly affect the formation of dislocation, grain refining and α'-martensite and then ε-martensite formation by thermo-mechanical treatment.

본 논문은 인도 불교의례의 기원과 요소, 불교의례의 변용과 연구대상에 대해 다룬다. 불교의례는 초기불교에 나타난 경배, 귀속, 공양, 수행, 유행, 붓다장례, 합송에서 그 기원을 찾아볼 수 있다. 붓다에 대한 경배와 호칭, 붓다와 성자의 귀속문제 그리고 수계식, 의식주와 각종 필수물의 공양 이외에 꽃, 향 등의 공양, 수행과정에서의 의례와 유행 동안에서의 의례, 붓다의 사후의례와 장례문화, 경전의 합송과정에서 암송절차 등은 의례집전에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 불교의례의 요소는 시간적ㆍ공간적ㆍ대상적ㆍ내용적ㆍ구조적으로 구분지을 수 있다. 간략히 설명하면, 시간적으로 공양ㆍ포살ㆍ법회, 생전과 사후의 의례로 구분되며 작법절차도 시간에 관련된다. 공간적 요소로는 승가를 위한 공간, 재가를 위한 공간, 절 안과 절 밖, 수계단, 열반 이후 사리탑과 불국토 등이 주요의례 요소가 된다. 내용별로는 승가생활의례ㆍ삼귀의 ㆍ예경ㆍ수계 등의 자행의례(自行儀禮)와 앙굴리말라의 순산기도 등의 타행의례(他行儀禮) 등을 엿볼 수 있다. 또한 예경대상과 선행공덕에 의한 생천 구조를 불교의례에서 지속하고 있다. 한편 초기불교에서 대승불교, 현재에 이르기까지 시대 흐름에 따라 불교의례와 관련한 의례도구, 의식법, 내용과 주체자도 점차 변천해 왔다. 그런 맥락에서 살펴보면, 불교의례는 물리적 불교의례용구의 연구와 시기별 구분에 의한 연구, 설행단(設行壇), 불국토, 신중 거주처, 공간배치, 장엄공간 등과 관련한 연구들이 함께 이루어져야 한다. 아울러 내용을 중심으로 각종 재와 각청, 참석대중과 절차 등에 관해서도 연구 되어야 한다. 특히 연구 폭을 확장하기 위해서는 기원과 변용, 번역과 사전작업, 의례비교연구가 절실히 요구된다. 왜냐하면 현재 불교의례는 초기불교, 대승불교의 다양한 의례기원과 요소를 포함하고 변용되어 왔기에 경전을 통해 인도의 불교의례를 이해하는 일이 선행되어야 하기 때문이다.

詞의 風格은 蘇軾에 와서 일변한다. 晩唐이래로 이어져 오던 婉約한 사풍이 소식에 와서 豪放하고 淸新한 풍격으로 바뀐다. 이렇게 사풍이 변하게 된 뒤에는 소식의 정치적 처지와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 자신이 쓴 詩가 문제가 되어 ‘烏臺詩案’이란 筆禍를 겪게 된 소식은 시를 대신하여 詞를 통해 자신의 감정을 토로했다. ‘시를 쓰듯 사를 쓴다(以詩爲詞)’는 평가는 여기에서 나왔다. 소식은 당시 文人士大夫들의 관심의 대상이 아닌 사를 통해 貶謫으로 인한 복잡한 감회를 사를 통해 거침없이 쏟아내었다. 폄적으로 인한 여러 가지 복잡한 자신의 심경을 豪放하고, 淸麗하고, 超脫한 풍격의 사로 노래했다. 결과적으로 소식의 폄적은 전통의 婉約한 풍격의 사와는 다른 새로운 풍격의 사를 탄생시켰고 이는 다시 당시 문단에 영향을 주어 송대 詞風의 변화를 이끌었다.

본 연구는 청소년 온라인 게임문화의 발전에 따른 가족관계 문화의 변형 행태에 대해 알아보기 위해 수도 권 소재 초·중·고등학교 재학생 30명을 대상으로 Q분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 5개 유형의 집단이 도출되 었는데, 전체적으로 모든 유형에서 청소년들이 부모의 게임에 대한 부정적 시각을 인지하고 있었다. 그러나 가족과 함께 게임을 즐기는 것에 대해서 5유형은 신중형을, 4유형은 수용형의 모습을 보이고 있었다. 이는 향후 가족관계에 있어 게임이 새로운 변수가 될 수 있음을 의미한다. 아울러 부모와 자식 간의 게임을 둘러 싼 극단적 대립은 점차 완화될 가능성이 크다. 본 연구의 결과는 청소년 온라인게임 문화 연구 그리고 가족 관계를 포함한 다양한 청소년 문화 연구의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 논문은 십자가의 성요한의 하느님과의 일치에 대한 개념을 연구한다. 그리스도교 신비사상 역사에서 아빌라의 대데레사 성녀와 함께 십자가의 성요한은 가장 중요한 신비가들 중의 한명으로 손꼽힌다. 그러나 일반 독자들이 그가 제시하는 하느님과의 일치에 대한 개념을 이해하려고 할 때, 종 종 좌절되거나 당혹스러워 하게 된다. 특히 일치에 이르기 위해서 우리는 어두운 밤을 거쳐야 한다. 이 어두운 밤은 성요한의 매우 잘 알려진 개념인데, 심지어 하느님과의 일치가 이 어두운 밤으로 여겨지기도 한다. 또한 이 어두운 밤은 고통과도 연관이 된다. 그리고 하느님과의 일치가 일종의 고통으로 간주되기도 한다. 성요한에게 있어서 일치에 이르는 길은 이와 같이 다양한 측면으로 이루어져 있다. 그러나 일치의 개념은 어두운 밤 혹은 고통으로 잘못 이해되기도 한다. 따라서 본 논문은 성요한이 주장하는 하느님과의 일치에 이르는 방법의 중요한 특징들을 연구한다. 동시에 일치의 개념이 무엇인지 밝히고자 한다. 성요한이 제시하는 하느님과의 일치는 물질의 변화가 아니라, 관점 혹은 시각의 변화이다. 이러한 시각의 변화는 세상의 지식과 하느님의 지식과 깊은 연관을 지니고 있다. 즉 일치는 지식과 시각의 문제인 것이다.

This study aims to interpret the transformation of location, spatial structure, and landscape characteristics of the political and administrative center in Naju. Based on an analysis of the town plan using old maps, cadastral maps, excavation survey maps, and aerial images, the transformation process of the center is divided into three phases: first, the local structure centered on the Bannam area and Dashidl Bokamri area from the Mahan to Unified Silla period had a landscape characteristic of mixed mountain fortresses and surrounding living and burial areas. Second, the local structure centered on the Naju-wall in the Goryeo Dynasty whose administrative facilities and living spaces were distributed around the plain wall surrounding Kumseong Mountain, Youngsan River, and Naju River. Third, the local structure centered on Naju-eupseong in the Joseon period whose administrative facilities and living spaces were distributed in the wall had structural complexity with acidity and flatness. In particular, Naju-eupseong in the late Joseon period was completed through continuous reconstruction and expansion from the foundation of Naju-wall in the Goryeo Dynasty.

In an era of increasingly high integration of information technology and social life, the media is undergoing intelligent transformation and upgrading to meet the various intelligent needs of users in the future. In the future, the media wants to further seek development. It is necessary to carry out a corresponding path transformation for the backbone of media talents and journalists, and to promote the progress and development of the entire journalism through the transformation of the path of talent training in colleges and universities. Firstly, this article briefly expounds the era and environmental background that digital media talents training must be transformed. Secondly, it discusses the necessity analysis of the transformation of digital media talents in colleges and universities. Again, try to explore the value of talent and its important role in the vision of intellectual media. Finally, from the "complex + differential" training mode, "theoretical + practical" training mode, "scientific research-oriented" training mode, "industry competition-oriented" training mode, "technical construction-oriented" training mode, "domestic + foreign comprehensive" training mode and other aspects put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the transformation path of digital media talents training in Colleges and universities.

“If you‟re ever found yourself wondering what to do during an annoyingly long layover (hi, hello, all of us), „get Botox‟ will soon join your list of possibilities – at least if you‟re traveling in South Korea”(MacKenzie, 2017). Introduction Cosmetic surgery has become a new attraction for Chinese tourists to visit Korea. According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea, 27,646 of 127,648 Chinese medical tourists who visited Korea in 2016 did so to obtain cosmetic surgery (Nam, 2017). This paper presents how external desire influenced the socio-historical development of the cosmetic surgery tourism in South Korea, focusing on Chinese crossborder consumption. In analyzing this relatively new phenomenon, we identified two intertwined desires. Specifically, while popularity of cosmetic surgery in South Korea is driven by the desire of individual Chinese consumers to obtain symbolic capital by achieving so-called K-beauty, this directly supports the collective desire of the Korean nation to construct a new Korean-ness. This trend has led to the promotion of Medical Korea, aiming to erase the former image of uncool industrial emerging country. In examining these complex practices, we employed the conception of “nation-ness” (Taylor, 1997) to elucidate the renewal of Korean national identity in the medical tourism industry and the global marketplace (Anderson, 1991; Appadurai, 1996; Lee, 2017). This paper commences with a brief outline of the socio-historical development of cosmetic surgery in Asian societies. We then discuss the connection of beauty and social capital among the Chinese consumer society and how Korean‟s cosmetic surgery industry has become the icon site for the achieving the ideal beauty. The paper closes with an illustration of the inter-relationship between the emerging consumer desire for beauty and the reconstruction of Korean-ness. Cosmetic surgery in contemporary asian consumer society Drawing on Giddens‟s (1991) notion of reflexivity, Belk (1988) and other consumer researchers have revealed that consumers consider their body as their possession and a reflection of their self. Consequently, some see it as a resource for constructing their desired identity through cosmetic surgeries (Askegaard, Gertsen, & Langer, 2002; Schouten, 1991; Thompson & Hirschman, 1995). While this phenomenon has mostly been examined in the context of contemporary Western consumer society, it is increasingly becoming more widespread. Such practices have resulted in human body no longer being viewed as a biological entity, but rather as “the finest consumption object” that can be further refined if needed (Baudrillard, 2005, p. 129). Altering one‟s body has traditionally been considered a taboo in many Asian cultures. In ancient Chinese society, there was a general perception that our bodies, down to a single hair and a flake of skin, are given to us by our parents. Therefore, any modification to the way our body looks and functions would be considered disrespectful to one‟s parents (Hua, 2013). However, in the world of cable TV and mass-circulation of Hollywood movies, in which social media has become an indispensable part of everyday life for most individuals, it is not surprising that Western beauty ideals have emerged as a dominant reference for the rest of the world. As the Westernized values and lifestyles become more easily accessible through media, they challenge these former social norms. Consequently, Asian women are increasingly seeking body modifications, such as plastic surgery, in an attempt to attain the elusive ideal beauty. In her research on body alternations, Orbach (2011) reported that 50 percent of teenage girls in South Korea planned to alter their faces or bodies through plastic surgery. According to the available evidence, in 2011, South Korea was rated first in the world in terms of the per capita ratio of aesthetic plastic surgeries (Shin, 2011). The success of South Korea‟s plastic surgery industry then made the country one of the best site for body alternations in the global beauty marketplace. Chinese desire for new face: beauty as capital Although it directly counters old Confucian doctrine of not tampering with one‟s body for filial piety, cosmetics surgery is very popular in China. In her book Buying Beauty, Hua (2013) noted that the increasingly brutal competition for jobs has prompted Chinese women to regard beauty as capital. It is thus not uncommon for Chinese parents to finance their daughters‟ cosmetic surgery, as they have come to perceive a pretty face as a worthwhile long-term investment, as it may increase the future career and/or marriage prospects of their daughters. For this reason, Chinese women are undergoing cosmetic surgery at a much younger age than do their Western counterparts. “Being good-looking is capital” has become the epitome of Chinese young girls. They consider attractive appearance that a cosmetic surgery may proffer as a form of capital, which they believe can give them a competitive advantage in the increasingly fierce job market (Hua, 2013). This attitude is prevalent among women, as gender and appearance discrimination is widespread in Chinese job market even in occupations where outward appearance usually has no relevance, such as civil service and government institutions (Hua, 2013). Owing to the increasingly widespread access to popular and social media and TV as a result of China reopening its doors, Chinese beauty standards have changed, whereby the perception of ideal image is heavily influenced by Western movies, pop culture, and the fashion and beauty industry (Hua, 2013). As Luo‟s (2012) research demonstrated, however, these newly adopted Western beauty ideals are coming into conflict with those that have traditionally been held by the Chinese. Yet, as Li et al. (2007) have shown, not all recent changes to the perceptions of and attitudes toward external appearance can be attributed to the Western influence. In their cross-cultural study on skin-whitening practices in four Asian markets, the authors reported that the desire for “white skin” in many Asian cultures (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Indian) has a long history. Saraswati (2010) concurred with this finding, stating that, in the non-Western context, the desire for “whiteness” cannot be equated to the desire for “Caucasian whiteness,” implying that the concept of whiteness may be context-dependent. This tension seems to be relieved by the adoption of Korean beauty ideal, which blends the Western and Korean physical traits and has resulted in Hallyu or the Korean Wave. Since the late 1990s, the term “Hallyu” has been used to describe the influx of South Korean popular culture in Asia. Korean TV dramas, movies, and popular music (K-pop) have in recent decades become staples in Asian markets formerly dominated by Japan and Hong Kong (Seabrook, 2012). Since the Korean Wave hit China, the visual appearance, fashion trends, hairstyle choices, and make-up styles of Korean stars have become highly popular. Consequently, many Chinese people regard Korea as the cosmetic surgery hub of Asia, as Korean beauty is admired by Chinese people who thus aspire to attain it by undergoing various surgical and non-surgical procedures. This growing trend was spurred by the success of the TV drama, Jewel in the Palace, which resulted in the popularity of the lead actress Lee Young Ae among Chinese women, who would ask plastic surgeons to make them look like her (Hua, 2013). The popularity of Korean pop culture and the widespread adoption of the Korean beauty ideals can be interpreted as counter-standard against the Western beauty. Yet, as Hua (2013) and others argue, the rise of Korean influence in the Asian markets can also be viewed as an indication of the submission to the Western beauty imperialism. This tension exists, as their Mongolian heredity with more prominent noses and lighter skins than other Asians gives Koreans certain “Western” features (Fairclough, 2005). The new face and desire for the new national identity Not long ago, Korea had the reputation as an emerging industrial nation that manufactures low-cost cars and appliances (Fairclough, 2005; Seabrook, 2012). South Korea has a long history and reputation as an industrial hub in East Asia. Some of the top global brands, such as Samsung, Hyundai, and LG, began as the key manufacturing partners of Western brands in the early and mid-twentieth century. Korea is also often associated with the Korean War, as described in US motion pictures, such as MASH (Preminger & Altman,1970). However, in the late 1990s, this image began to change with the increasing popularity of aforementioned Hallyu entertainment contents (Fairclough, 2005). In fact, the latest “Korean Wave” has ushered a brand-new transnational representation of Korea into the global marketplace. Following a highly successful cultural Hallyu, Korea has recently launched medical Hallyu, promoting cosmetic surgery (Eun, 2013). In the 2000s, Korean cosmetic surgery emerged as a successful byproduct of the Korean Wave. This growing trend has since become a source of great national pride in South Korea (Holliday, Bell, Cheung, Jones, & Probyn, 2015). While Korean entertainment products were generating enormous revenues, cosmetic surgery was recognized as a profitable addition to the already lucrative export industry, as foreign tourists were willing to travel to the country in order to undergo operations that would make them look like Korean Hallyu stars. In recognition of this change in attitudes towards physical appearance and beauty ideals, “Korean cosmetic surgery” (Hanshi zhengxing) and “Korean-style beauty” (Hanshi meirong) became key words in the cosmetic surgery advertisements in China (Davies & Han, 2011). Cosmetic surgery clinics in the trendiest Gangnam and Apgujeong districts of Seoul often provide medical tourism packages targeting foreign tourists coming from China and other Southeast Asian countries (Eun, 2013). As Hallyu boasts a creative integration of the Western and Korean elements in its entertainment contents (Shim, 2006), Korean cosmetic surgeons are attempting to achieve the same. According to a doctor that took part in Shim‟s (2009) study, Korean surgeons have the best skills to operate on Asian patients, as they have smaller physique and denser subcutaneous tissues compared to their Western counterparts. Although Korean surgeons used to travel to the U.S. to obtain training for the popular procedures, such as eyelid surgery, they subsequently modified the American techniques, realizing that they were inappropriate for the “Korean Body.” For instance, removing too much fat from the eyelids created an unnatural Western eyes that were not suitable for Korean facial structure. Such specialism, which is now internationally recognized, makes aspirant youths from neighboring China and Korean diaspora more than willing to travel to Korea to undergo elective cosmetic procedures that would improve their visual appearance (Holliday, Bell, Cheung, Jones, & Probyn, 2015). The Korean government‟s active support for the export of cultural products has also helped the proliferation of cosmetic surgery tourism. In 2009, the Korean National Assembly passed an amendment to the medical law, enabling hospitals to advertise their services and promote medical tourism (Eun, 2013). Korea Tourism Organization (KTO), a subsidiary organization of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, runs an online medical tourism platform website, visitmedicalkorea.com, to provide foreign tourists with information about Korean medical tourism. It also supports the overseas marketing of companies and hospitals as a means of attracting more tourists to the country (Korea Tourism Organization, n.d.). While the KTO website is not solely dedicated to cosmetic surgery tourism, Visit Medical Korea‟s website boasts the massive number of cosmetic surgery operations performed every year in Korea. The country is now the third largest cosmetic surgery market after the U.S. and Brazil, as the recognition of the high skill level of Korean surgeons and their use of modern technology motivates many individuals to visit Korea for their beauty enhancement (Korea Tourism Organization and Korea Health Industry Development Institute, n.d.). The fact that Korea has achieved economic progress through rapid modernization but did not give up many of its traditions is another allure to many Asian tourists (Fairclough, 2005). This is emphasized in the promotional video published by KTO through the juxtaposition of the beauty of traditional porcelain making inherited from Joseon dynasty with cutting edge medical technology and skills of Korean medical industry (Korea Tourism Organization, 2016). Conclusion: renewing “Korean-ness” in the global marketplace Desire to be beautiful and prolong one‟s youth is not unique to modern times. Yet, medical advances now make even extending one‟s height by breaking and separating the thigh bone to prompt growth possible. While this sounds scary and can be highly dangerous, it is a very popular operation in Shanghai. Cosmetic surgery is no doubt a popular service high on many Chinese consumers‟ list. Although it may be cynical to say that our desire for beautiful body is perpetuated and exploited by the style industries, it is true that the beauty, cosmetic, fashion, media, and celebrity industries are playing an important role in shaping our beauty standards and promoting the ideal body size/shape in the contemporary marketplace (Orbach, 2011). In this study, we connected Chinese consumers‟ desire for new facial features with the emerging plastic surgery tourism in South Korea as an exemplar of the reconstruction of national identity. The term “nation-ness” is comprehensive and links disparate phenomena, such as nation, nationalism, and nationality by including “everything from the bureaucratic fact of citizenship to the nationalist‟s mythical construction of nation as an eternal entity” (Taylor, 1997, p. 277). In this study, we argued that cosmetic surgery has become a new Korean national identity, which is not solely reflected in the rise of Korean beauty and style in the Pan-Asian (Cayla & Eckhardt, 2008) or even global marketplace. The new identity has also inherited the techno-industrial past, as the preciseness and high quality of Korean “industry” are valuable traits to transfer to this new medical field. In this paper, we demonstrated that the creation and promotion of ideal beauty and body is part of a broader political strategy, in which governments, corporations, and key cultural stakeholders are actively, and sometimes collectively, shaping and monitoring individuals‟ bodily practices.

헝가리는 1985년부터 경제위기와 더불어 야권 세력이 등장하며 이념투쟁이 표면화 되었다. 1988년 6월 역사진상규명위원회가 구성되 었고, 헝가리 공산당 정부는 1989년 주요 재야단체, 시민단체들과 임시로 ‘원탁회의’를 구성했다. 1990년 4월 첫 번째 총선에서 헝가리민 주포럼(MDF)이 제1당이 되었고 당수인 언떨 요제프(Antal Jozesf)를 수상으로 선출했다. 체제전환 과정에서 나타난 중요한 사안은 과거사 정리이다. 충분한 피해자 보상이 이루어지지는 않았으나 나름 상징적 차원에서 시도되었다고 평가된다. 북한은 폐쇄사회이지만, 한류열풍과 중국 등지를 통한 교류는 북한주민들의 시야확장과 변화를 가져올 수 있다. 이런 내부의 노력에 의해 체제변화를 이끌어 낼 가능성을 타진해볼 수 있을 것이다. 아울러 우리는 북한에 있는 조선그리스도교 연맹과 지하교회가 북한체제변화에 어떤 역할을 할 수 있을지를 관심을 갖고 고민하며 주시해야 할 것이다.

Low temperature cracking on asphalt material is one of the serious distresses for asphalt pavement built in northern U.S., Europe and Canada. Thermal stress is a key factor for measuring (and estimating) the resistant capability of asphalt pavement against low temperature cracking. For this reason, many road agencies have recognized thermal stress as a crucial parameter for evaluating the low temperature performance of asphalt pavement materials. Thermal stress is conventionally computed through two steps. First, the relaxation modulus E(t) is generated thorough the conversion of the experimental creep compliance data D(t). Then thermal stress (T℃) is numerically estimated solving convolution integral. In this paper, a one-step approach to the calculation of thermal stress is proposed. This method is based on Laplace transformation. Thermal stress and corresponding critical cracking temperature obtained with single- and double-step procedure on a set of three mixtures are graphically and statistically compared. It is observed that the application of Laplace transformation provides reliable computation results of thermal stress compared to the conventional computation approach.

드라마를 기반으로 하는 연극 및 영화와 관련한 본 연구는 대중문학에 대한 움베르토 에코의 논문 가운데 플롯에 관한 언급을 단서로 시발되었다. 움베르토 에코는 어떤 플롯이 수용될 수 있는 가능성 또는 불가능성의 기준이 플롯 자체에 있지 않고 사회적 삶을 지배하는 견해들의 체계 안에 있다는 점을 아리스토텔레스가 잘 알고 있었으리라고 주장한다. 이러한 그의 견해는 작품의 수용자와 연관된 커뮤니케이션의 입장을 기반으로 하는 동시에 견해들의 체계에 대한 상호 텍스트적 관점을 기반으로 하는 것으로 보인다. 그의 논의는 플롯 자체가 개연성을 만들지는 않고, 개연성의 힘은 수사학에 있다는 논지를 담고 있다. 본 논문은 이 논의를 보다 넓혀서 구체 작품에 적용하여 살펴보는 방식을 취한다. 에코의 논의를 발전시켜 질문해보는 바, 그렇다면 서사적 연쇄인 플롯은 그 자체로서 무엇을 담보⋅성취하며, 또한 어떤 한계를 지니는가. 또한 사회적 삶을 지배하는 견해들의 체계는 플롯 이라는 요소를 통해 어떠한 방식으로 작품을 규정하고 형성하는데 기여하는가. 이러한 물음에 대한 답은 다채로운 관점과 프레임을 통한 접근을 요구한다. 본 논문은 이러한 측면을 상호텍스 트적 관점을 통해 접근한다. 특히 아리스토텔레스 이후 드라마 장르에서 가장 중요시 되어왔던 플롯이 모방되고 변용되는 것을 지적함으로써 그 기능의 한 측면을 살펴본다. 본 논문은 라스 폰 트리에Lars Von Trier(덴마크, 1956~ ) 감독의 극영화 <도그빌Dogville>(2003) 의 고찰을 통해 에코의 지적에서 확장해 나온 질문에 대한 ‘하나의’ 답변을 구체화해본다. 이 영화가 드러내는 경계적 성격은 한 작품이 지니는 특정한 정체가 삶을 지배하는 견해들의 체계 및 플롯과 어떻게 연관되어 있는지 드러내는 좋은 예시가 된다. 이 고찰을 통해 본 연구는 서사와 드라마 장르처럼 스토리를 기반으로 하는 예술 작품들에서 플롯이 갖는 의미와 역할의 측면을 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구의 논지에 따르면 플롯은 형식의 모방과 변용을 통해 관객의 관습적 기대를 넘나들게 된다. 이러한 기대치의 경계선에 작품의 성격이 놓이게 될 수 있다. 이것은 ‘하나의’ 답변이 된다. 그 경계의 틈에는 수사학 또는 문체라고 부를 만한 것이 있다. 영화 <도그빌>을 통해 살펴보는 바, 이 영화의 독특한 성격은 상호텍스트적인 관점, 보다 구체적으 로 말하면 과거로부터 이어 내려온 형식을 어떻게 모방하고 변용했는가에 의해 설명되는 것이다. 본 연구가 취하는 이러한 입장의 고찰은 드라마 방식을 표방하는 연극과 영화 및 극적인 작품을 창작하는 이들뿐만 아니라 드라마 작품을 분석하는 이들에게 창의적인 암시를 줄 수 있으리라 생각한다.

With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, the digital transformation craze has intensified in diverse industries, such as finance, automotive, health care and agriculture. However, relative to industry demand, there is only few domestic research on digital transformation of small traders and no one has implemented empirical study on this field at all. Thus, the study conducted an empirical study to measure the digital transformation intention of domestic small traders. In the early days of domestic business start-ups, we searched for factors affecting the digital conversion intention of small business owners and designed an integrated framework to explain the causal relationship between factors. This study not only expanded and refined the scope of related research but also suggested the direction of another research that was not presented in previous research. However, there are limitations in many ways as much as the initial stage of a specific field of small business owners. There are limitations in explaining the overall perception of Korean small business owners. Therefore, in future studies, it is necessary to study more deeply by presenting more specific and various variables. In addition, although the number of respondents was sufficient in the process of empirical analysis, it is considered that the respondents are not enough to universalize the research result as a traditional small business person who did not convert all digital. It is necessary to carry out a comparative analysis by dividing the two groups in more detail and more specifically in the future study. The result of this study can suggest the direction for accelerating small traders’ digital transformation intention in terms of practical view, and provide useful references which can support the theoretical foundation for researchers who will perform future related research in terms of academic view.

쳇 베이커의 시대별 보컬 스타일 변화에 관한 연구는 대중음악 논문 분야에서 잘 다뤄지지 않 은 관점이다. 이 연구에는 베이커가 활동했던 시기에 따른 보컬 스타일 변화를 도출하며 분석된 보컬 스타일을 통해 시대가 지남에 따라 드러나는 그의 보컬 스타일 특징을 선율 변주 기법으로 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 이 연구를 위해 쳇 베이커의 생애 주기를 전기 후기로 나누고 한 곡이 전기 후기에 각각 다른 버전으로 녹음 되었던 두 곡을 선정한다. 선정된 곡은 리얼북을 원곡으로 선정하고 비교 분석하여 시대별로 비교 분석한다. 선정된 2곡에 나타난 시대별 특징을 서로 비교 하여 도출해낸 공통된 변화를 통해 시대에 따른 쳇 베이커의 변화된 보컬 스타일을 제시한다. 쳇 베이커의 시대별 스타일 변화 연구를 통해 후기로 가면서 음과 리듬의 변화가 더욱 확대된 것을 볼 수 있고 노래를 재해석하여 자신만의 가사를 추가해 개성을 더하였으며 그의 노래는 시 대가 지나면서 규칙성 있는 선율 변주로 발전되었음을 확인하는 결과를 도출하였다.