Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm accounting less than 1% of malignant pancreatic tumors. A 47-year-old male patient visited the emergency room with epigastric pain. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 4.7-cm heterogeneously enhanced solid and cystic mass with internal necrosis located in the head of the pancreas. Radiological diagnosis was borderline malignancy such as neuroendocrine tumor or solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Two months later, the necrotic mass in the pancreas head had grown up to 11 cm, compressing the duodenum, superior mesenteric vein, and proximal transverse colon. Pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with segmental resection of transverse colon was performed. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was pancreatic ACC. The patient recovered without any complication and was doing well without recurrence for 12 months after surgery.

Sarcomatous transformation of fibrous dysplasia (FD) is rare and can occur in patients with McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS). To date, there have been several cases of malignant transformation of FD in the craniofacial area of patients with MAS. Here, we report an additional case of secondary osteosarcoma arising from FD in the mandible of a 41-year-old woman with MAS. The patient complained of rapid swelling in the right facial area, which was initially misdiagnosed as soft tissue sarcoma at another hospital. After neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy resulting in poor response, the lesion was surgically resected in our hospital, and the final diagnosis of secondary osteosarcoma was rendered. Currently, post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy is in progress. As a result of our review of 17 reported cases showing malignant transformation in FD/MAS, the M/F ratio was 1:1.1, and the median age at onset of malignancy was 28.6 years. The most commonly affected site was the craniofacial bones (n=13; 76%), and the most common histopathologic type of malignancy was osteosarcoma (n=14; 82%). More than half of the patients (8/15; 53.3%) died within 1 year, mainly due to lung metastasis (6/8; 75%). Taken together, since MAS patients with malignant transformation of FD have a relatively poor prognosis, accurate diagnosis based on histopathologic findings as well as clinical and radiographic information is important to select optimal treatment.

목적 : 본 연구는 국내외 치매환자를 대상으로 우울 개선을 위한 비약물 중재프로그램을 적용한 연구의 각 프로그램, 회기, 중재효과 등을 분석하고, 추후 치매환자를 대상으로 우울 중재 비약물 프로그램을 제공하는 작업치료사의 치료적 방향성을 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2015년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지 PubMed, CINAHL, DBpia 데이터베이스를 이용하여 검색 하였으며, 주요검색 용어로는 ‘Dementia’, ‘Depression’, ‘Intervention OR Program’을 사용하였다. 최 종적으로 7편의 연구를 선정하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 선정된 7편 연구는 모두 실험연구였으며, 연구 참여자는 1개의 연구를 제외하고는 남성보다 여성의 비율이 높았다. 중재는 4개로 구분되며 인지프로그램, 회상프로그램, 운동프로그램, 음악프로그램이 시행 되었다. 각각의 회기와 중재 시간은 주 1-3회, 40-150분 등 다양하였고, 유의한 효과가 나타난 연구는 5개, 나타나지 않은 연구는 2개였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 치매환자를 대상으로 한 우울 중재 비약물 프로그램 중 인지행동치료, 회상프로그램, 인지훈련프로그램, 운동프로그램에서 유의미한 효과가 나타난 것을 확인하였다 이는 작업치료 현장에서 치매환자를 대상으로 우울을 중재하기 위한 비약물 프로그램을 제공할 시, 각 프로그램의 구성과 회기, 중재 시간에 따른 프로그램 적용 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

목적 : 본 연구는 작업치료사가 가상현실(Virtual Reality; VR)과 증강현실(Augmented Reality; AR)을 사용한 인지 중재의 효과와 적용방법에 대해서 체계적으로 분석하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2011년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지 RISS, KISS, 국회도서관, Pubmed, Web of science, Science direct애서 10년간의 문헌을 검색하였다. 주요 검색용어로 ‘인지’, ‘작업치료’, ‘가상현실’, ‘증강 현실’, ‘Cognitive’, ‘Occupational’, ‘VR’, ‘AR’을 사용하였다. PRISMA의 Flowchart 4단계를 거쳐 총 18편의 문헌을 분석 대상으로 선정하였다. 결과 : 선정된 18편의 모든 문헌에서 작업치료사가 VR과 AR을 사용한 인지 중재는 인지수준 증진에 유의미한 효과를 보였다. 뿐만 아니라 운동기능, 일상생활활동, 시지각, 심리사회적인 부분에서도 유의미한 효과를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 작업치료사가 VR과 AR을 사용한 인지 중재를 체계적으로 고찰하여 중재의 효과를 확 인하였다. 이를 통해 임상에서 근거중심적인 중재에 적절하게 활용될 수 있는 임상적 정보와 근거 자료 를 마련하였다는 의의가 있으며, 이후 임상에서 더 유용하게 널리 적용될 것으로 기대된다.

Background: The body schema, which is constantly updated using somatosensory information, enables accurate movement. Since pain is reported as a possible source to alter the body schema, the left right judgement test (LRJT) has been widely used in the pain rehabilitation. However, there was a lack of consistency in the effect of the pain on the LRJT results, and for the effect of the LRJT as a part of intervention programs for pain patients. The deeper understand of the LRJT is necessary for better reproducibility, and to expand the therapeutic applications of the LRJT in the pain and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Objects: This literature review aimed to understand the LRJT and to study the potential of the LRJT for therapeutic applications. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for studies relevant to LRJT. To establish the query set, the term was regarded from various perspectives. Results: The selected studies were classified into three categories: LRJT development, factors influencing LRJT, and therapeutic applications. Conclusion: Left right judgement test is the evaluation tool for the integrity of body schema as well as a tool for implicit motor imagery. Pain, proprioception, and other factors influence the performance of the LRJT.

박테리오신은 다양한 식품에서 천연 보존제로 그리고 항생제 대체제로 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 그러나 박테리오신의 다단계 정제 공정은 높은 생산 비용을 야기하여 상업적 이용 등 소비자 접근성에 장애요인이 되고있다. 식품 등 일부 산업 분야에서 활용하기 위한 박테리오신의 순도는 그리 높지 않아도 되며, 이에 따라 정제 공정을 간소화하여 생산 비용을 낮추고 공정 효율성을 강화할 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 박테리오신 등에 적용할 수 있는 수성- 이상계 시스템(ATPS)은 높은 정제 수율과 빠른 처리 시간으로 인해 산업분야에서 하부 공정 처리 기술로 적절한 대안이 될 수 있으며, 고분자 수용액이 70~90% 물로 이루어진 친환경적 기술로서 환경보호에도 도움을 줄 것으로 전망된다.

Purpose: Spiritual communication is very important in the end of life care or during spiritual distress. But there are few guides on spiritual communication. The purpose of this study was to present the process and method of spiritual communication. Methods: Literature review and content analysis were adopted in this study. In this study, 12 documents were extracted and analyzed in the foreign academic literature dealing with 'spiritual communication', 'spiritual conversation' as main keywords. The concepts of spirit, spirituality, spiritual need, and spiritual health were briefly presented based on the results of previous major studies. Results: Spiritual communication is communication on spiritual topics to satisfy spiritual needs, to alleviate spiritual distress, and to promote spiritual health. In other words, it is communication that allows spirituality to be expressed positively by overcoming obstacles that lead to spiritual health. The process of spiritual communication is divided into preparation for spiritual communication investigation of spiritual history, and communication on spiritual topics. Conclusion: Spiritual communication is very important in spiritual crisis. In particular, patients with severe illnesses such as advanced cancer, the end of life care and spiritual distress, want to talk with their health care providers about spiritual topics. The results of this study will provide important information for future research for the development of spiritual communication skills.

Salivary duct carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor that arises from salivary gland. Pathologically, Salivary duct carcinoma is similar to high-grade breast ductal carcinoma. The tumor is commonly associated with pain and facial paralysis and is known to have high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Surgical resection and postoperative radiation is mainstream of the treatment. In this study, we report a case of this tumor which was seen predominantly benign-looking in fine needle aspiration biopsy. The features of this tumor are presented with a review of literature.

Central odontogenic fibroma (COF) is an uncommon slow growing benign neoplasm that is derived from the mesenchymal tissue. Differential diagnoses include fibrous dysplasia, calcifying odontogenic cyst, and central ossifying fibroma. Clinically, the lesion shows expansion of cortical bone. Radiologically, unilocular or multilocular lesion with well-defined borders is found. Histologically, fibroblastic tissues with bundle of collagens including inactive odontogenic epithelium can be observed. In this case report, a 45-year-old male with central odontogenic fibroma of the maxilla is examined. The lesion was surgically removed without any postoperative complications. In order to diagnose the disease properly, histopathologic analysis was performed.

Understanding sciences behind fall-related hip fractures in older adults is important to develop effective interventions for prevention. The aim of this review is to provide biomechanical understanding and prevention strategies of falls and related hip fractures in older adults, in order to guide future research directions from biomechanical perspectives. While most hip fractures are due to a fall, a few of falls are injurious causing hip fractures, and most falls are non-injurious. Fall mechanics are important in determining injurious versus non-injurious falls. Many different biomechanical factors contribute to the risk of hip fracture, and effects of each individual factors are known well. However, combining effects, and correlation and causation among the factors are poorly understood. While fall prevention interventions include exercise, vision correction, vitamin D intake and environment modification, injury prevention strategies include use of hip protectors, compliant flooring and safe landing strategies, vitamin D intake and exercise. While fall risk assessments have well been established, limited efforts have been made for injury risk assessments. Better understanding is necessary on the correlation and causation among factors affecting the risk of falls and related hip fractures in older adults. Development of the hip fracture risk assessment technique is required to establish more efficient intervention models for fall-related hip fractures in older adults.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) is an uncommon tumor of the head and neck. It is one of the most common malignant tumor of the salivary glands. Although ACC has clear pathologic features, it can be diagnosed as a benign lesion in terms of cytological and radiologic aspects. In this paper, we report a rare case of ACCACC on tongue that is diagnosed as ACC but appears as a benign lesion in cytological and radiologic views.

이 연구의 목적은 「산림총서」 및 언론보도, 북한과학기술네트워크(http://www.nktech.net/) 등의 문헌자료를 이용하여 1960년부터 2019년까지 북한 산불의 시공간적 발생경향과 산불 분야 연구동향을 파악하는 것이다. 북한의 산불 발생이력은 2000년대를 기점으로 대외적으로 보고되기 시작하였으며, 산불 보도건수는 산림율과 정의 상관관계를, 인구밀도 및 산림황폐화율과는 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 시기적으로는 봄과 가을, 지역적으로는 동해안 지역에 산불이 집중되는 경향을 보였다. 동해안 지역에 산불 발생이 집중되는 이유는 높은 산림율과 낮은 인구밀도로 인해 감시와 통제에 자유로운 방화가 북한지역 산불의 주원인이 될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 산불 관련 논문은 2000년대를 기점으로 다수 발행되었으며, 김정은 집권시기에 가장 많은 논문이 발행되었다. 연도별 논문 발행편수는 산불 보도건수(n-3년 및 n-5년 이동평균)와 정의 상관관계를 보였으며, 산불 발생빈도가 증가함에 따라 산불이 사회적 문제로 확대되면서 관련 연구가 수행되었던 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과는 향후 산불 분야의 남북 교류협력에 있어 산불 공동 관리·대응 역량 및 상호 협력체계를 발전시킬 수 있는 기초정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

이 연구는 국내 대학 엘리트 축구선수를 대상으로 스포츠 손상과 관련된 선행 연구를 토대로 스포츠 손상 경험과 부위를 살펴보고 그에 따른 효과적인 재활프로그램의 방향성을 제시하고자 실시되었다. 이 연구에 참고자료로 이용된 6편의 연구는 한국학술정보서비스(KISS), 학술연구정보서비스(RISS), 학술데이터베이스서비스(Dbpia)에서 검색어 "대학축구선수 & 손상", "축구 & 스포츠손상"이라는 검색어를 통해 검색된 연구 중 2000년부터 2021년까지 발표된 연구를 중심으로 전문가가 연구에 적합한 연구만 선별하여 연구를 진행하였다. 이 연구에서 분석한 대학축구선수의 손상 경험은 144명의 축구선수 중 120명(83%)으로 나타났고, 손상 횟수는 손상 경험이 있는 선수에게 있어 2.58회로 나타났다. 또한, 각 연구에서 보고된 손상 부위는 하지에 주로 나타나는 경향을 보였는데, 도진학 연구에서는 80.6%, 김은국 등 연구에서는 61.8%, 김태규 등 연구에서는 90%, 김한범과 권순용 연구에서는 86.6% 등으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 대학축구 선수에게 있어서 무엇보다 중요한 것은 훈련 부상을 줄이는 것에 중점을 두어야 하며, 개인적인 측면에서 손상에 대한 의학적이고 과학적인 재활프로그램이 진행되어야 한다. 또한, 적절한 트레이닝 규칙을 시행하고 경기 중에서는 페어플레이에 집중하는 것과 같은 예방적 개입을 분석개발하여 경기 관련 부상 발생을 줄이는 것이 무엇보다 중요할 것으로 사료된다.

저자들은 길버트 증후군 환아에서 조영제 사용 후 발생한 지속적 황달 증례를 보고하는 바이다. 이는 비교적 드문 증례로, 임상에서의 꾸준한 관찰이 필요하다.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a benign fibrous lesion with an unknown cause, mostly asymptomatic, painless swelling of the affected jaw. This is a case report on a cystic lesion found on radiographic examination in a patient with an extraction of mandibular left tooth. A 29-year-old female was referred to Pusan National University Dental Hospital due to a radiopaque lesion in the left mandible. On the medical history examination, the left lower mandibular tooth had been extracted 4 years ago, and there were no specific findings in the general medical history. According to histopathologic findings, along with proliferation of spindle cells, cementum-like substances were observed along with irregularly shaped osseous calcified substances containing osteocytes in the cellular fibrous connective tissue. In this study, we report a case that showed cystic changes due to tooth extraction, which made it complicated to determine the differential diagnosis from the existing fibrous-osseous lesion.

Dentigerous cyst is considered one of the representative cystic lesions, which accounts for approximately 15%-30% of the odontogenic cysts. Although its recurrence rate is low, a small proportion of dentigerous cysts converted into ameloblastomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Here we present an uncommon case characterized by histopathological transformation from a dentigerous cyst to an ameloblastoma, and further investigate the factors contributing to its conversion.

This study aims to review observational methods for assessing postural loads such as OWAS, RULA and REBA, and to compare them, based on the literature survey. The literature was searched through academic database of ScienceDirect using the key words of observational methods, OWAS, RULA and REBA. The results exhibited that of the thee methods, RULA was cited in the literature and applied to manufacturing industries the most frequently. Although it has been known that RULA is appropriate for assessing upper body postures, it has been applied to healthcare and social work activities, agriculture, forestry, fishing, construction, mining and quarrying, which require unstable lower limb postures. The countries where more number of relevant studies have been carried out were USA, India, Brazil, UK, etc. It was recommended that of the three techniques, RULA may be better for assessing postural loads, because it evaluated postural loads more highly, irrespective of industry, work type and lower limb postures, and its assessment results had higher agreement rate with experts’ assessments than those of OWAS and REBA. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as a guideline for selecting an appropriate observational method.