This study is focused on the operation of truck with conscious for environmental logistics system to reduce empty truck movements, and to control running empty truck. With the logistics function, road transport represents the biggest environmental threat. Using nonrenewable natural resources, contributing to air and noise pollution, trucks are environmentally unfriendly. Any steps to reduce transport activity will help minimize negative impact. In particular, noxious emissions must be reduced, but in the long term more environmentally friendly vehicles are required.

This study is focused on the calculation for optimum period for environmental logistics system to replace old truck. Companies throughout the world have recognized the importance of environmentalism and the role of logistics in structuring a corporate response to environmental issues like recycling, waste disposal, pollution, and many others. Reverse logistics, the term often used to represent the role of logistics in environmentalism, is gaining acceptance by firms.

This study was conducted to determine the content of heavy metals in canned foods and soft drinks available on the Korean markets. Trace metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, and Sn) were detected in 24 kinds, 120 samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The average concentration of heavy metals in canned foods was in the order of Sn (6.930 ppm)$gt;Cr (0.050 ppm)$gt;Pb (0.030 ppm)$gt;Cd (0.008 ppm), which was the same order in soft drinks as Sn (3.519 ppm)$gt;Cr (0.080 ppm)$gt;Pb (0.024 ppm)$gt;Cd (0.001 ppm). The total contents of heavy metals in canned fruits and fiuit juices were relatively higher than those in cans and drinks made of vegetable and fish. It can be supposed that the high acidity owing to the organic acid of fruit itself promotes to extract metals from can materials, and although fish usually contains more heavy metals than vegetables, canned fish revealed low level because internal organs and most of skin which had more heavy metals than meat were removed throughout canning process. Because processed foods such as canned foods and soft drinks are very popular with the children and adolescence according to the change of life style and eating habit, and the possibility of exposure to heavy metals by the habitual intake of these is increasing simultaneously, it is suggested that more practical study about the process of exposure and the amount in each step is needed for the assessment of safety.

뇌 손상 후 급성기에 기능의 자발적인 회복이 일어나지만 환자들은 환측의 상지를 잘 사용하지 못하게 된다. 그 결과 원하는 움직임을 억제하는 상황을 발생시키는데 이것을 학습 무사용 증후군(learned nonu se syndrome)이라 한다. 이러한 학습 무사용 증후군을 치료하기 위해 억제-유도 치료(constraint-induced therapy)가 고안되었다. 억제-유도 치료는 연속되는 몇 주간에 걸쳐 매일 많은 시간 동안 건측의 상지를 묶어두고 환

A survey of consumers' awareness and attitudes about food biotechnology was conducted during May through August of 2001 with a random sample of 750 Korean consumers. More than 70% of the respondents was exposed to some informations related to genetically modified (GM) foods. The greatest benefit of the development of GM foods was thought to be the remedy for the food shortage in the future. More than 90% of Korean consumers wanted GM foods labeled. About 20% of the respondents would buy GM foods voluntarily, whereas over 50% would not until they found out more. More consumers responded that they would not buy herbicide-tolerant GM soybean but buy vitamin-enriched GM soybean. It seemed to be that many Korean consumers do not make decisions of acceptance or rejection of GM foods not on the basis of biotechnology but on the basis of the words) used to describe the products, such as herbicide and vitamin. Only 4% of Korean consumers responded that GM foods were the greatest safety-threatening factor of Korean foods and that the most interested information on food labels was whether the food was produced by biotechnology.

The residents of institutional settings for the disabled people are likely to be a potentially nutritional at-risk groups. The objective of the present study was to investigate the current nutrition and foodservice management in institutions for the disabled using a survey questionnaire. The majority (85%) of the institutions was using a simple pre-set menu that consists of rice, soup or stew, kimchi, and two other side dishes. Some twelve percent of the institutions served only one side dish. The residents were consuming a diet of a low diversity with insufficient amounts of micronutrient rich foods. As a protein source, legumes and soybean curds, and eggs were served 90% and 94% of the time, while beef, pork or poultry, a better iron source, was served less than 2-3 times per month. Fruits were most infrequently served food items in these facilities with 38% of the facilities serving fruits only 2-3 times per month. With regard to the nutrition and health care management, the physical examination on the residents was conducted annually in 88.8%, routine hemoglobin measurement peformed in 66%, and nutrition education was conducted in 10.9% of the surveyed facilities. The foodservice and nutrition management manual will help ensure a safe and better quality foodservice for the disabled people, which is necessary for the improvement of health and nutrition of these people.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the upper limb nerve mobilization (ULNM) on functional recovery of upper extremity in hemiplegic patients following stroke. Twenty patients who had functional impairment on upper extremity were participated. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Control group (n=10) received traditional physical therapy only for 4 weeks; Experimental group (n=10) received ULNM treatment along with traditional physical therapy for the same period. Upper extremity functions were assessed by manual muscle test (MMT), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) before and after the treatment. In both experimental and control group, upper extremity functions were significantly improved in MMT (p<.01) and FMA (p<.01), however only experimental group showed significant improvement in FMA after the treatment (p<.05). Moreover, experimental group showed significantly greater improvement than control group in MMT (p<.05), MAS (p<.05), and FMA (p<.05). We conclude that the upper extremity functions is a useful additional therapeutic technique for the effective treatment of upper extremity deficits in hemiplegic patients.

Since 1982, female agricultural workers are populous than male in Korea. Previous study was suggested that female workers are more sensitive to the agricultural medicine poisoning than male. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the impact on plasma components and nutrient intakes in female agricultural workers by the use of pesticides. Data were obtained from 44 females residing in Wonjoo, Kangwon-do area. Analysis for the general characteristics, nutrient intakes, and plasma components of the subjects were performed by physical examination, 24-hour recall method and venous blood sampling. They were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of the pesticide use: 8 in none(Non-expose group), 14 in low(〈4/yr)(Low-expose group), and 22 in high(≥4/yr)(High-expose group). The results are summarized as follows. Serum glucose, SGOT, SGPT, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol did not correlated with pesticide use and were not different among the groups. But serum total cholesterol was higher in pesticide use group. With increasing the number of pesticide use times, leukocyte count was tended to increased. Eighty two percent of the subjects were hemoglobin less than or equal to 12g/dl. Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum Fe, Serum ferritin belonged to normal range and did not correlated with pesticide use. Intake of energy, Fe, vitamin B2 were lower than RDA. Fe, K, and vitamin A intake were higher in don't use group than the other groups. There are not many differences according to using the pesticide in anthropometric measurements, nutrient intakes, and blood components, except for serum total cholesterol level and some nutrients intake. But these results suggest the need the systemic researches about the effects the pesticide using on nutritional status in Korean agricultural workers.

한강 고수부지 및 지천인 안양천, 탄천, 중랑천변의 경작지에서 채집된 36종 285건의 농작물에 대한 Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu. Hg의 농도를 측정하고 그 결과를 채집 시기, 채집 지역 및 작물별로 비교, 분석한 결과, 작물 중의 중금속 함량은 평균치를 기준으로 볼 때 Fe(34.592 ppm)>Mn(11.071 ppm)>Zn(8.853 ppm)>Cu(1.795 ppm)>Cr(0.237 ppm)>Pb(0.100 ppm)>Cd(0.011 ppm)>Hg(0.003 ppm) 순으로 곡류 및 두류에서는 Zn의 함량이 Mn보다 높고, 채소류와 과실류에서는 Mn의 함량이 Zn보다 높은 양상을 나타냈다. 또한 각 지역에서 채취한 작물의 미량금속 함량의 경우 Fe은 0.004∼203.083 ppm, Cu은 0.017∼22.727 ppm. Mn은 0.000∼74.373 ppm. Zn은 0.080∼37.166 ppm으로 비교적 고농도로 존재하고 있는 반면 유해중금속류인 Pb은 0.000∼0.654 ppm, Cd은 0.000∼0.270 ppm, Cr은 0.000∼l.229 ppm, Hg은 0.000∼0.037 ppm으로 비교적 미량으로 존재함을 알수 있었다. 대상 농작물을 잎, 줄기, 뿌리, 열매로 분류하여 미량금속 함량을 분석한 결과, 분석 대상 금속의 농도가 잎>줄기>뿌리>열매의 순으로 나타났다. 무등의 뿌리 작물에 있어서 Pb은 잎(0.055 ppm))뿌리(0.035 ppm), Cr은 잎(0.118 ppm))뿌리(0.031 ppm), Cd은 잎(0.004 ppm)1뿌리(0.001 ppm), Hg은 잎(0.004 ppm))뿌리(0.001 ppm)으로 뿌리보다 잎에 많은 것으로 나타났는데 이러한 결과로 보아 뿌리는 금속 이온이 흡수되는 기관일 뿐 축적은 잎에 비해 상대적으로 적게 됨을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 sulfur-succinic acid의 가교제를 이용한 가교된 폴리비닐알코올(poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA) 가교막을 이용하여 MTBE-methanol 혼합액에 대하여 조업온도, 가교제의 조성에 따른 증기투과 공정의 투과 특성을 조사 하였다. 팽윤 실험을 통해 PVA/SSA 가교막에 대하여 가교제 조성에 따른 막의 구조와 PVA의 하이드록실기(-OH), SSA의 설폰기(-SO3H)와 용매와의 수소결합의 두 가지 인자가 상호 보완적으로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 투과 특성에 있어 SSA의 설폰기가 중요한 인자로 작용하였다. 예를 들면 7% SSA 막에 대해서는 수소결합의 효과보다는 가교도의 효과가 투과 특성에 중요한 요인으로 작용하며 5% SSA에 대해서는 수소결합의 효과가 중요하게 작용하였다. 증기투과 공정에 있어 막과 직접 접촉하는 증기상이 액상에 비하여 methanol의 농도가 낮아 PVA의 하이드록실기와 methanol과의 수소결합 확률이 감소함에 따라 투과 특성에 영향을 미친다. 결과적으로 7% SSA 막에 대하여 MTBE/mthanol=80/20 혼합액에 대하여 공급액의 온도 30℃에서 선택도 2187, 투과도 4.84g/m2hr를 보여 주었다.

We have investigated the solar activity variation with period shorter than 1000 days, through Fourier transformation of solar cycle 21 and 22 data. And real time predictions of the flare maximum intensity have been made by multilinear regression method to allow the use of multivariate vectors of sunspot groups or active region characteristics. In addition, we have examined the evolution of magnetic field and current density in active regions at times before and after flare occurrence, to check short term variability of solar activity. According to our results of calculation, solar activity changes with periods of 27.1, 28.0, 52.1, 156.3, 333.3 days for solar cycle 21 and of 26.5, 27.1, 28.9, 54.1, 154, 176.7, 384.6 days for solar cycle 22. Periodic components of about 27, 28, 53, 155 days are found simultaneously at all of two solar cycles. Finally, from our intensive analysis of solar activity data for three different terms of 1977~1982,1975~1998,and1978~1982, we find out that our predictions coincide with observations at hit rate of 76%,63% 76%,63% , 59 respectively.

The purposes of this study are to evaluate the development of disabled children us- ing LAP(Learning Accomplishment Profile) and to investigate the correlation between subtest scores of LAP. The development scores were obtained using 244 items in 5 su-btests (gross motor, fine motor, cognitive, language/cognitive, and self help) of LAP in 34 children with delayed development from February, 1998 to March, 1999. The birth history and risk factors for developmental disablilty such as prematurity, hyperbilirubi-nemia, low birth weight, and seizure were evaluated. Collected data were analized by Pearson's correla tion coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test. The results were as follow : 1) Among the subtests of LAP scores, fine motor, language/cognitive, and self-help were signi ficantly correlated with the cognitive subtests scores (p > 0.001) 2) On the other hand, gross motor subtest scores were independent to cognitive sub-test scores. 3) The children who had history of seizure during neonatal period showed significantly low scores in language-naming, fine motor-writing, and self help-eating. The LAP is considered as a useful tool to evaluate the cognitive development disab- led children. Cognitive function significantly influence on other developmental areas es-pecially on fine motor development.

This study were conducted to estimate the values of the heavy metal in the fresh water fish and shellfish collected from fish market. The levels of the heavy metal were determined in a total of 319 samples of 11 species of the fresh water fish and 14 species of the shellfish by mercury analyzer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of this study were summerized as follows; The average contents of the heavy metal in the fresh water fish were Pb 0.075, Hg 0.053, Cd 0.002, Cr 0.135, Fe 8.695, Mn 1.078, Zn 9.491, Cu 0.548 mg/ kg. The average contents of the heavy metal in the shellfish were Pb 0.059, Hg 0.007, Cd 0.146, Cr 0.147, Fe 40.808, Mn 7.738, Zn 13.943, Cu 2.731 mg/kg. Being compared the average contents of the heavy metal of the fresh water fish with those of shellfish, the average contents of Cd, Fe, Mn, Cu in the shellfish were significantly higher than in the fresh water fish(P$lt;0.001). Depending on the sampling areas, the average contents of the heavy metal were different by districts. The contents of the heavy metal were changed with the seasons(P$lt;0.05).