최근 선박의 좌초 및 추돌사고로 인한 해상오염이 심각해짐에 따라 선박의 조종성능에 대한 관심이 고조 되고 있는 가운데 IMO에 서는 Resolution MSC.137을 채택함으로서 조종성능에 대한 국제적인 기준이 강화 되었다. 선박의 조종성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 여러 가 지 방법이 있으나 본 연구에서는 타의 양력 증가가 조종성능 향상에 얼마나 기여하는지를 알아보고자 한다. 조종성능 평가 방법으로 수치 시 뮬레이션을 이용하였고, 대상선형은 공시선형인 Mariner Class Vessel로 하였다. 조종성능 평가 방법은 선회 시험과 Zig-Zag 시험을 수행 하였고, 고 양력 타의 적용은 수학모델에서 타와 관련된 동유체력 미계수의 값을 양력 증가에 따라 변화 시켜 조종성능의 변화를 예측하였다.

본 연구는 덕유산국립공원 남 북사면 산림 식생을 TWINSPAN으로 분류하고 DCCA ordination으로 분석한 결과, 남사면에서는 신갈나무군락, 졸참나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 소나무군락, 서어나무군락, 층층나무군락 및 들메나무군락으로 구분되었으며, 북사면에서는 신갈나무군락, 졸참나무군락, 소나무군락, 서어나무군락, 물박달나무군락, 층층나무군락, 들메나무군락, 거제수나무군락, 구상나무군락 및 주목군락으로 구분되었다. 사면별 중요치를 남사면에서는 103개 조사구를 대상으로, 북사면에서는 137개 조사구를 대상으로 분석한 결과 신갈나무가 남 북사면 모두에서 높은 중요치를 보였고 남사면에서는 신갈나무 다음으로 소나무, 졸참나무, 굴참나무, 쪽동백나무, 당단풍 순으로 나타났다. 북사면에서는 신갈나무 다음으로 들메나무가 높은 값을 나타냈고, 당단풍, 졸참나무, 서어나무, 층층나무, 까치박달, 철쭉꽃 순으로 나타났다. 남 북사면에서 군락 간에는 종조성 및 생태적 특징에 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. DCCA ordination 분석한 결과 해발고도와 수분요소가 남 북사면에서 모두 군락의 분포와 상관이 높은 것으로 나타났고 그 외에 남사면에 서는 T-N, O.M., Ca 양료와 pH가 비교적 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 북사면에서는 Ca 양료와 pH도 비교적 높은 상관관계를 보였다.

There have been many efforts to modify and improve the properties of functional thin films by hybridization with nano-sized materials. For the fabrication of electronic circuits, micro-patterning is a commonly used process. For photochemical metal-organic deposition, photoresist and dry etching are not necessary for microscale patterning. We obtained direct-patternable SnO2 thin films using a photosensitive solution containing Ag nanoparticles and/or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The optical transmittance of direct-patternable SnO2 thin films decreased with introduction of nanomaterials due to optical absorption and optical scattering by Ag nanoparticles and MWNTs, respectively. The crystallinity of the SnO2 thin films was not much affected by an incorporation of Ag nanoparticles and MWNTs. In the case of mixed incorporation with Ag nanoparticles and MWNTs, the sheet resistance of SnO2 thin films decreased relative to incorporation of either single component. Valence band spectral analyses of the nano-hybridized SnO2 thin films showed a relation between band structural change and electrical resistance. Direct-patterning of SnO2 hybrid films with a line-width of 30 μm was successfully performed without photoresist or dry etching. These results suggest that a micro-patterned system can be simply fabricated, and the electrical properties of SnO2 films can be improved by incorporating Ag nanoparticles and MWNTs.

Epithelioid hemangioma is an unusual, which was at first described as angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) in 1969 and misinterpreted as the same disease with Kimura’s disease. But now it represents a distinctive vascular tumor, a different entity with those inflammatory conditions. Here, we present a case of epithelioid hemangioma appearing as a diffuse gingival nodular mass in 33‐year‐old male who had suffered from the idiopathic sharp pain of left mandible area previously and later extended to left maxillary region, therefore the gingival lesion was clinically estimated as malignancy associated with neural invasion. CT images revealed the soft tissue mass restricted to left maxillary gingiva without infiltration to underlying maxillary alveolar bone. Histologically, the circumscribed soft tissue mass consist of solid sheets of epithelioid to spindled cells, expressing reactivity for neither cytokeratin AE1/3 nor HMB‐45, but for CD31, endothelial cell marker. Therefore, the lesion was pathologically diagnosed as epithelioid hemangioma. Diagnostic evaluation for the neurologic symptoms of the patient revealed the trigeminal neuralgia, accompanying with the present epithelioid hemangioma incidentally. Awareness of epithelioid hemangioma should be emphasized not to be misdiagnosed as malignant disease like an invasive squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or angiosarcoma. Proper evaluation and interpretation for neural symptom may lead to the correct differential diagnosis and therapeutic intervention

Facial numbness restricted to the distribution of the mental nerve(mental neuropathy) is called "numb chin syndrome". The clinical importance of this syndrome is associated with first recognition of involvement of malignant diseases. The malignant neoplasm with numb chin syndrome show rapid progression and high mortality. We present a 43-year-old female who had been treated by radiotherapy for precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma involving the central nervous system( CNS) previously and later developed mental nerve invasion without central nervous system recurrence. MRI images revealed the CNS tumor mass remitted, and there was no identified peripheral nervous system(PNS) involvement including the mental nerve invasion, nevertheless the patient complained of consistent numbness and pain on right mandibular area. This is the first case of precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma accompanying mental nerve invasion without recurrence for central nervous system. Proper interpretation for mental neuropathy may lead to the prompt diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

철근콘크리트 건축물에서 비내력벽(Masonry Infill Walls)은 내부 칸막이벽이나 중저층 규모의 건물 외벽에 흔히 사용된다. 그렇지만 대부분의 경우에 비내력벽은 비구조체이므로 구조설계시 건물의 모형화에서 무시된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비내력벽을 보편화된 모형화 방법인 등가의 대각 압축 스트럿(Equivalent Diagonal Strut)으로 고려하여 비내력벽의 유무에 따른 저층 철근콘크리트 건축물의 전체적인 지진거동의 양상을 평가하고자 하였다. 해석결과로 비내력벽을 고려하면 시스템의 추가적인 강도 및 강성을 확보하여 층간변위비를 줄일 수 있으나 진동주기가 짧아져서 설계단계에서 고려한 지진하중보다 큰 하중을 받게 된다. 연약층이 있는 모델의 경우에는 기둥에 소성거동이 집중됨을 알 수 있으며 부분적인 붕괴가 전체 시스템의 붕괴 원인의 가능성을 가진다.

The purpose of this study examines women in 20s∼30s who start applying adult makeup and are sensitive to cosmetics and makeup techniques to understand the influence of overseas cosmetic brands’ personality on their preference to provide overseas cosmetic brands with unique personality marketing resources. The following summarize the findings of this study: first, overseas cosmetic brands’ personality factors were aesthetics, performance, interest, competency, and boldness. Second, among imported brands, the most preferred brand was Christian Dior, followed by Bobbi Brown, Chanel, SK-Ⅱ, and Estee Lauder. Third, the subjects preferred Chanel when they perceived its aesthetics, performance, and competency and Christian Dior when they perceived its aesthetics and performance and did not perceive its boldness as much. They preferred Estee Lauder when they perceived its aesthetics and competency and Bobbi Brown when they perceived its aesthetics, performance, and competency and did not perceive its boldness as much. In case of SK-Ⅱ, they preferred it when they perceived its aesthetics, performance, interest, and competency.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriate water content in high omega-3 fatty acid Saury nuggets for the desirable texture. The approach was made with adding water and onion at various levels (0~20%). The main ingredients of the nuggets included saury mince, mild pizza cheese, and hydrated textured soy protein concentrate. The formulated products were molded (dia. 4.5, thickness 1.5 cm, 20 g), lightly battered, and flash fried for 4 min. at 160℃, and then frozen until tested. The frozen nuggets were cooked at 165℃ and subjected to sensory evaluations, texture analysis, and water content analysis during warming (0~60 min), as well as assessments of acid, peroxide, and TBA values (during 10 days of storage at 24℃). In the sensory evaluation, preference for texture was highest in the nuggets made with a 15% onion level. The hardness of the nuggets increased with increasing onion level. Moisture content was highest in the nuggets made with a 20% water level. Changes in hardness during warming (0~60 min) of Saury nuggets containing various water and onion levels increased in nuggets made with the 20% water level. The acid, peroxide, and TBA values of the Saury nuggets made with herbs and oriental herbal extracts decreased up to 10 days of storage.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate into the meaning of the New Brutalism sensed in the late church buildings of the Swedish architect Sigurd Lewerentz (1885-1975). St Mark's (1956-64) and St Peter's (1962-66) churches, his grand finale designs, have a unique architectural vocabulary of rough brickwork. The brick treatment is the basis on which Reyner Banham (1966) discussed him concerning the New Brutalism, and the point that this research focuses on. This paper explores the brutalist character of the buildings from two aspects - interpretational level of individual buildings and historical level of a broader view. First, the character of two churches could be interpreted with the phrase of 'play between brutality and sacredness'. The rough surface of brick and mortar in the buildings symbolises brutality and the vault of their chapels' ceiling sacredness. And the two characteristics meet and play on the rough vault surface. Second, in the historical point of view, this paper argues that the buildings made a giant leap for Swedish modern architecture, which had been at a deadlock owing to the compromising attitude of the New Empiricism since 1940s. And the Swedish New Empiricism (or the New Humanism), spread to Britain as "Welfare State architecture" after World War II, brought about reaction of the young British architects such as the Smithsons and became the background that made the new brutalist mood. However, considering that the term of the New Brutalism was first used in Sweden by Hans Asplund, Lewerentz's brutalist late churches - which seemingly had nothing to do with the British nor the Corbusian lineage - are also meaningful in that they confirmed the tendency in its homeland. In conclusion, this paper argues that St Mark's and St Peter's churches with the brutalist characteristics should be regarded as crucial buildings not only in Lewerentz's personal career but also in Swedish and international architectural history.

알팔파바구미는 자운영 및 헤어리베치 등 녹비작물의 생체량 확보에 가장 큰 영 향을 미치는 해충이다. 즉 녹비작물의 안전 및 안전생산은 알팔파바구미를 어떻게 관리하느냐에 따라서 그 성패가 좌우된다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 알팔파바구미를 친환경적으로 관리하기 위하여 친환경 농자재 가운데 몇 종을 선발하여 처리효과 를 검정하였으며, 알팔파바구미의 발생량이 크게 증가하는 시기인 4월에 친환경 자재의 처리시기 및 횟수에 따른 알팔파바구미의 방제효과를 조사하였다. 친환경 농자재 가운데 고삼, 님+고삼, 고삼+멀구슬, 베라트린으로 조성된 자재 의 방제효과가 80% 이상으로 우수하였다. 처리시기 및 횟수에 따른 방제효과는 1 회 처리는 4월 중순, 2회 처리는 4월 상순+4월 중순의 처리에서 방제효과가 가장 높았다. 하지만 금년도의 기상이 예년에 비해 매우 낮았던 것을 고려하면 1회 처리 시기는 해당년도의 기상과 알파바구미의 발생정도를 고려하여 결정해야 할 것으 로 여겨진다. 따라서 자운영 및 헤어리베치의 문제해충이 알팔파바구미는 상기에 제시된 친 환경 농자재 등을 이용하여 4월 상순과 중순에 방제하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으 로 여겨진다.

민달팽이류는 온난하고 습한 환경을 좋아하여 국내의 시설작물 재배 시 주요 관 리대상의 하나로 인식되어 있다. 민달팽이류는 주로 야간과 흐린 날에 은신처에서 나와 적극적으로 활동함으로 관리하기가 어렵고 방제효과도 높지 않는 것으로 여 겨지고 있다. 본 연구는 시설작물 재배 시 야간에 작물생육을 위해 전조하는 광 파장에 따른 민달팽이류의 유인행동반응을 조사하여 민달팽이류의 관리를 위한 기초자료를 얻 고자 하였다. 자체 제작한 정육면체의 흑색 아크릴상자(높이×폭=50cmx 70cm) 내 부의 중앙에 원통형(직경 25cm) 방을 두고 그 주위로 6개의 방을 일정하게 두어 중앙의 방에 두줄민달팽이, 작은뾱족민달팽이 및 노랑뾰족민달팽이를 각각 방사 하여 위면 뚜껑내부에 적색(610nm), 주황색(587nm), 황색(572nm), 연두색(557nm) 및 초록색(527nm) LED광을 부착하여 방사한 민달팽이류가 어떤 LED광의 방으 로 이동하는지를 조사하였다. 두줄민달팽이는 주황색(15.8%)으로 가장 많이 이동 하였고, 다음은 황색(11.7%)>연두색(3.3%) >초록색(1.8%)의 순 이었다. 작은뾰 족민달팽이의 이동도 두줄민달팽이와 같은 경향이었으나, 주황색(21.6%), 황색 (20.0%) 및 적색(14.2%)에서의 이동률이 상대적으로 높았다. 노랑뾰족민달팽이 는 모든 광원에서 10.0% 이하의 낮은 이동률을 보였으나, 주황색(10.0) 및 적색 (6.7%)에서 상대적으로 높은 이동률을 나타내었다. 따라서 민달팽이류는 단파장 보다는 장파장을 선호하는 경향으로 이에 관한 정밀한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으 로 여겨진다.

본 연구는 의미적 속성을 가진 시각과 청각자극 간의 SOA(stimulus onset asynchrony)가 시청각 통합 현상에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 시청각 통합 현상 중 표적을 의미하는 자극의 양상이 두 개 이상인 경우 표적에 반응이 빠르고 정확한 중복 표적 효과(redundant target effect)와 청각 자극에 비해 시각 자극에 대한 반응이 빠르고 정확한 시각 우세성 효과(visual dominance effect)를 중심으로 살펴보기 위해서 시각과 청각 단일 양상 표적 조건과 다중 양상 표적 조건을 구성하여 조건들의 반응시간과 정확률을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 시 청각자극의 SOA가 변하더라도 중복 표적 효과는 이에 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 두 자극 간의 SOA가 100ms 이상인 조건에서는 청각자극의 우세현상이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 중복 표적 효과의 경우 두 양상자극 간의 SOA가 변하더라도 안정적으로 지속된다는 점을 시사하며, 청각자극의 경우 시각자극에 비해 약 100ms 이상의 시간적 이득조건이 마련되었을 때에 비로소 우세한 정보처리의 행동결과가 도출될 수 있음을 시사한다.

본 시험은 섬유질배합사료(TMR)의 에너지 및 단백질 수준이 다를 경우, 비유초기 유산양의 사료섭취량 및 유생산에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험 동물은 자넨종 생후 16개월령 전후의 초산 착유양 24두를 시험구별 6마리씩 공시하였으며, TMR의 에너지와 단백질 수준은 대조구(Control)가 TDN 67.0%, CP 13.9% (NRC, 2007), 에너지 증량구(T1)는 TDN 73.7%, CP 13.9%, 단백질 증량구(T2)는 T

This study was carried out between 2008 and 2009 in four dairy farms to investigate the effect of feeding of whole crop barley silage on the reproductive performance of Holstein heifers. Two diets, mixed hay or whole crop barley silage separately from concentrate were fed 6-month old Holstein heifers (=37). In control group (=CON), heifers (n=16) were fed 6 kg (/head) mixed hay and 4 kg (/head) commercial diet. In whole crop barley silage group (=WBS), heifers (n=21) were fed 10 kg (/head) whole crop barley silage, 4 kg (/head) mixed hay and 2 kg (/head) commercial diet. To manage body weight gain, the body condition score of heifers were measured every month. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Body weight in CON and WBS heifers at 13-, 14-, 15- and 17-month old were 340±17.9 and 342±13.6 kg, 356±15.7 and 366±14.7 kg, 382±13.1 and 387±14.4 kg, and 429±15.0 and 417±10.3 kg, respectively. 2. Body condition score in CON and WBS heifers at 9-, 12-, 15- and 17-month old were 2.88±0.04 and 2.80±0.04, 2.88±0.04 and 2.80±0.04, 2.89±0.08 and 3.00±0.07, and 2.89±0.08 and 3.00±0.07, respectively. 3. Average age of sexual maturity in CON and WBS heifers were 437.3±9.9days and 939.6±12.5days, WBS group heifers were significantly shorter (p<0.05) than CON group heifers. 4. First-service conception rates in CON or WBS group were 81.3% (13/16) and 66.7% (14/21), respectively, and cumulative conception rate to 2nd artificial insemination were 87.5% for CON and 85.7% for WBS group. Conception rate was not different between treatments

수입과일을 대상으로 captan, chlorpyrifos, methidathion 및 kresoxim-methyl 을 각각 1000, 250, 400 및 157 mgkg−1 농도 로 수확 후 처리 하여 저장 기간에 따른 경시적 변화를 관찰한 결과 captan 은 처리 직후 과일 전체에서 0.9-12.5 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.23 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었으며, 4주 후에는 과일 전체에서 0.7-3.2 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.67 mgkg−1 으로 조사되었다. chlorpyrifos 은 처리 직후 과일 전체에서 0.4-2.2 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.32 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었고, 4주 후에는 과일전체에서 0.3-0.9 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.02 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었다. methidathion 은 처리 직후 과일 전체에서 0.7-3.1 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.05 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었고, 4주 후에는 과일 전체에서 0.4-2.0 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.05 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었다. kresoxim-methyl 은 처리 직후 과일 전체에서 1.3-2.1 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.16 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었고, 4주 후에는 과일 전체에서 1.3-1.8 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.15 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었다. 농약처리 4주 후 농도의 감소율은 captan 이 52% 로 가 장 높았으며 다음으로 chlorpyrifos, methidathion 및 kresoximmethyl 이 각각 47, 41 및 11% 순으로 조사 되었다.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD), of which postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome is considered to cause considerable economic losses in pig industry worldwide. As the virus-like particle (VLP) is a highly effective type of subunit vaccine and has unique advantages in terms of safety and immunogenicity, this study aimed to develop PCV2-like particles, which matched currently circulating Korean PCV2 and were applicable as vaccines. The ORF2 genes encoding PCV2 capsid protein were amplified from the PCV2 subgroup 1A/B Korean C275 isolate and the subgroup 2E C94 isolate by PCR assay with primer pair specific to PCV2 ORF2 gene, and were cloned into baculovirus transfer vector. Recombinant baculovirus was generated by cotransfection with the transfer vector and linear baculovirus DNA into the Sf9 cells, and then by plaque purification. Expression of PCV2 capsid protein was determined by the indirect immunofluorescence and Western blotting assays, and electron microscopy. By both immunological assays, PCV2 capsid antigen was detected in the Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant baculoviruses. The formation of empty virus particles, characteristic of VLP, was detected in the lysate of Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant baculoviruses by negative electron microscopy. From these results, VLPs of two genogroups of PCV2 were successfully expressed and generated in a baculovirus expression system. It is expected that the expressed VLPs of two genotypic groups can be used for control of PCV2 infection as good vaccine candidates.

Although several enteric viral pathogens including the porcine groups A, B and C rotaviruses (PGARV, PGBRV, and PGCRV), sapovirus (PSaV), and torovirus (PToV) are known to cause endemic diarrheas in weaning and post-weaning piglets, their precise prevalence in Korea is not clear. Therefore, we examined 1,222 diarrhea stools obtained from 627 farms during 2004～2009 by RT-PCR and/or nested PCR for evaluating their precise prevalence in Korea. PGARV was the predominant pathogen during 2004～2007 but its prevalence was markedly reduced during 2008～2009. PGBRV infections caused endemic diarrhea during 2004～2007, but was hardly detected during 2008-2009. PGCRV was detected at 27.0%, 14.5%, 42.4%, 28.8%, 7.3%, and 54.2% during each year of 2004～2009, respectively, indicating its high prevalence in Korea throughout the years. PSaV induced with high prevalence (32.4-39.2%) during 2004～2005 but its detection rate was markedly decreased during 2006～2009. PToV caused sporadic infections only during 2006 (1.0%) and 2007 (6.9%). These enteric viruses were detected in diarrhea specimens in piglets usually in combination with each other and/or together with bacterial pathogens including the Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Brachispira hyodysenteriae, and Lawsonia intracellularis. Infections with PGARV, PGCRV, PSaV, and PToV were more prevalent in fecal samples collected in cold seasons. These results provide important epidemiological data for the control and establishment of a surveillance system for the prevailing enteric viruses in Korea.

We investigated the cleavage rate and blastocyst yield for each culture condition to enhance tolerance of cryo-preservation of bovine IVF embryo with relatively lower cryo-tolerance compared to in vivo embryo. The cleavage rate and blastocysts yield for CR1aa, IVMD, IVD, CR1aa+10% FBS were 73.2, 69.3, 72.8, 68.5% and 44.1, 30.8, 33.3, 48.0%, respectively. The values did not differ among each treatments without serum. For embryo vitrification, In vivo and In vitro blastocysts were exposed to VS1(10% glycerin, 0.1 M glucose, 0.1 M sucrose, PEG 1%) for 5 min, and VS2 (10% glycerin, 10% EG, 0.2 M glucose, 0.2 M sucrose, PEG 2%) for 5 min and then VS3 (10% glycerin, 30% EG, 0.3 M glucose, 0.3 M sucrose, PEG 3%) for 1 min. The exposed embryos were then loaded into the 0.25 ml plastic straws and then plunged into liquid nitrogen. The straws were held for period of 1 to 2 weeks before thawing. In embryo viability, no differences in blastocyst re-expansion rates were found between in vivo and in vitro embryos. whereas expansion-BL rates was significantly higher for in vivo-derived embryos (72.7%) when compared to in vitro-derived embryos (51.4%), respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that combined use of CRIaa culture medium with vitrification might enhance tolerance of cryopreservation for bovine IVF embryo production.