Many kinds of environment friendly agricultural materials were used for the insect pest control and the control of plant diseases, furthermore they support the growth of crops in the greenhouses and the kindly environment friendly farming. Phytoseiulus persimilis might be used for control of two-spotted mites with environment friendly agricultural materials at the same time. For testing the toxicity of environment friendly agricultural materials against to P. persimilis, 61 environment friendly agricultural materials were selected by material contents and using methods. When environment friendly agricultural materials were directly sprayed on P. persimilis, IEFAM C, FEFAM A, EFAMSM A, D, EFAMPE A, EFAMCh B, EFAMME A, and EFAMMo C killed over 90%. However, there was no effects to FEFAM C, D, EFAMSM C, EFAML A, EFAMME C, E, H, J, EFAMMo G and I against P. persimilis. P. persimilis adults were not survived in vial for 48 hours after sprayed and dried with the environment friendly agricultural materials, for examples, EFAMSM I, EFAMME A, EFAMMo A, C, and I. Otherwise, EFAMCh C and EFAMMo B were no effects to P. persimilis. Some environment friendly agricultural materials are of different qualities, and consequently test of their toxity have to necessary.

This study was conducted to examine the problems that would arise in our cropping systems when introducing Gain Threshold (GT) which is an important element in determining Economic Injury Level (EIL). Gain Threshold (GT) can be defined as the amount of damage (= yield loss) to justify management, and calculated by dividing the management costs by the market crop price. GTs for some pests in rice, soybean, and greenhouse vegetable crops cultivation were estimated and also compared with those in foreign countries. GTs and percentage of yield loss equivalent to them were estimated to be 4.6-6.1 ㎏/10a/season and 1.0-1.3% for brown planthopper, white-backed planthopper, rice water weevil, and sheath blight, whereas for rice blast in rice cultivation were 12.7 ㎏/10a/season and 2.7%. In soybean cultivation, the values for bean bug were 6.2 ㎏/10a/season and 3.6%. GTs and percentage of yield loss estimated for melon thrips, whitefly, and downy mildew in cucumber cultivation were 10.0-12.6 ㎏/10a/week, 1.4-1.7%, and the values for two spotted mite and gray mildew in strawberry cultivation were 3.1-3.5 ㎏/10a/week, 1.3-1.5%, and the values for American leaf minor, whitefly, and gray mold in tomato were 8.4-9.7 ㎏/10a/week, 1.7-1.9%. Overall GTs in our cropping systems were so low compared to those in foreign countries, which meant that the low GTs might yield the low EILs. Therefore, we could suggest that prior to direct introduction of GTs calculated from current cultivation systems in developing EILs it is necessary to seriously consider reasonable values of GTs or the yield loss equivalents to them.

The two species of rice bugs causing pecky rice, Cletus punctiger and Cletus schmidti are often observed coexisting in the rice fields of nearby fallow land. Direct feeding damage to rice by C. punctiger and C. schmidti can lead to a reduction in grain quality and quantity. These studies were carried out to investigate the development of C. punctiger and C. schmidti at various constant temperatures ranging from 20 to 30℃, 65% RH, and a photoperiod of 16L:8D. Egg hatchability of C. punctiger/C. schmidti at the temperatures of 20, 25 and 30℃ were 80.6/88.0, 91.7/96.3, 96.4/96.2 %, respectively. The development periods of eggs of C. punctiger/C. schmidti at the temperatures of 20, 25, and 30℃ were 16.4/18.4, 9.4/10.2 and 6.4/7.3 days, respectively. Mean developmental periods of lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th nymphs of C. punctiger/C. schmidti at 30℃ were 2.1/2.0, 3.5/4.0, 3.3/5.6, 3.2/4.8 and 5.8/6.9 days, respectively. Oviposition began 8.1 days after emergence at 25℃, and the longevity of female and male were 120.0 and 117.3 days, respectively. Total number of eggs through the life of female were 245.5 laying 2.2 eggs a day in average at 25℃. The development periods of egg and nymphs of C. punctiger were relatively shorter than those of C. schmidti. Availability of male had affected the egg hatchability greatly that laid at 30th day after 60 days period of oviposition in the presence of adult male of C. punctiger. The fertile eggs laid by the female together with male was 92.1% but those without male was only 9.6%.

제주도내 주요 해안지역인 화북, 삼양, 대포, 중문, 표선, 안덕, 애월, 곽지에서 생산되는 해수, 갯벌, 해산물 등에서 2002년 1월부터 12월까지 V. parahaemolyticus 분포상황을 조사하였다 가검물은 총 2,880건으로 각각 해수 960건, 갯벌 960건, 해산물 960건이었으며, 분리된 V. parahaemolyticus에 대하여 생화학적, 혈청학적 실험을 실시하였다. 총가검물 2,880건에 대한 분리 동정에서 417건(14.5%)이

야간 온도 차이가 생육 및 화색에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 4월 초순 화뢰가 완전히 출현한 다음 화분상태로 자연광이 있는 생장상으로 옮겨 주간/야간 온도를 25/15oC, 25/20oC, 25/25oC로 90일간 달리하 여 처리하였다. 그 후 잎이 노화될 때까지 생육 및 개화특성을 조사하였다. 온도차에 따른 생육특성을 보 면, 25/15oC처리에서 초폭의 수치가 높았으며, 엽내 엽록소함량도 다른 처리에 비해 높았다. 생장상에 입실 후 광합성 속도를 조사한 결과 25/15oC와 25/20oC에 서는 큰 차이 없이 유지되었으나 25/25oC에서는 입실 20일 후 급격히 감소하였다. 25/15oC와 25/20oC에서는 개화기간이 각각 23, 25일로 23일 이상을 유지하였으 나 25/25oC로 야간 온도가 높은 처리구에서는 개화기 간이 13일로 짧았다. 온도차에 따른 개화특성은 주/야 간 온도를 25/15oC로 처리시 화수장이 17.2cm로 가 장 길었고 소화수도 한 화경에 18.2개로 가장 많았다. 화색은 처리 온도차에 따라서 확연히 구분되었는데, 25/15oC에서 화색을 측정한 결과 red를 나타내는 a값 이 37.5로 가장 높았고 화피내 안토시아닌 함량도 2.6mg/100g으로 가장 높은 수치를 보였다.

This study was to investigate distribution characteristics for air pollutants and to assess probability of health effect for children in kindergartens from August, 2006 to January, 2007. The mean concentrations for standards of maintenance in kindergartens were 91.5 ㎍/㎥ for PM10, 1,185 ppm for CO2, 69.3㎍/㎥ for formaldehyde, 174 CFU/㎥ for TBC and 0.41 ppm for CO, respectively. For NO2, Rn, TVOC, and O3, the mean concentrations in kindergartens were 29.40 ppb, 1.51 pCi/ℓ, 257.3 ㎍/㎥, and 3.74 ppb, respectively. The I/O ratio of every air pollutants exceeded "1" except for O3. In results of calculated safety factor to assess probability of health effect for children by air pollutants in kindergartens, safety factor for CO2 was 1.2 for fixed point. It means that children have probability of health effect caused by CO2. In cases of Monte-Carlo analysis, safety factor for PM10 was 1.0 and safety factor for CO2 was 1.2.

The aim of this study was to investigate the legally-designated malodorous compounds at the plant boundary areas of 5 plants expected to emit high odor intensities, as well as! complaint area at the Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex in Korea. The sampling was carried out during spring and summer of 2003 and 2006. The concentrations of ammonia, sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide) and aldehydes (acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde) emitted during 2006 were higher than those emitted during 2003, and the concentrations emitted during summer were higher than those emitted during spring at the plant boundary areas. It was thought that the concentrations of odorants in the complaint area had been directly influenced by the concentrations of odorants in the plant boundary areas as they showed similar patterns of concentration variations. While the concentration of TMA during 2006 was lower than during 2003 at the all sampling sites, the concentration of styrene during 2006 was higher than during 2003 at the all sampling sites. The sites showed high concentrationsof odorous compounds at the plant boundary area of the related chemical and petrochemical refinery plants.

ETCS는 1990년대 초부터 선진국에서 유료도로 톨게이트에서의 교통체증 및 지체문제를 해결하기 위하여 적용되기 시작하였다. ETCS의 성공적인 운영을 위해서는 ETCS 이용률을 정확히 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 창원시의 신뢰성 있는 ETCS 이용수요예측 모형 개발이 시도되었다. 총 11개의 설명변수들을 고려하면서 이항로짓 및 신경망 모형들이 검토되었다. 신경망모형에서 가장 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 ETCS 이용률 추정을 위해 설명변수 11개를 추정하기에는 어려움이 있으므로 차내장치 임대보증금, 절약시간, 할인률의 중요 3개 정책변수만을 고려한 신경망 및 로짓 모형들을 ETCS 이용률 추정모형으로 분석하였다. 모형의 예측력 평가와 적합도 분석에 있어서 신경망모형이 로짓모형보다 우수한 모형으로 판단되어지나 학습에 사용된 9가지 이외의 시나리오에서 신뢰성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타나, ETCS 이용률 추정 모형으로 3개의 중요한 정책변수를 고려한 이항로짓모형이 제안된다. 이 모형은 평균제곱오차 0.14, σ20.31, x2488.9로 신뢰성이 높은 모형으로 평가되며 창원시와 규모가 유사한 도시에 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

This study aimed to let people recognize lecture halls and to investigate the short history of Go un Choi Chi -won, an object of enshrinement , to examine the location environments, establishment background and meaning of Jacheondae, Oksan Lecture Hall , Munchang Lecture Hall and Yeomui Lecture Hall located in Gunsan area in Jeollabuk-do. The results concerning the facilities of the said historic sites and the arrangement of trees could be summarized as below. 1. Goun was a person from Silla and studied in Tang Dynasty when he was 12 (in 868) and passed the state examination in 6 years when he was 18 and became a Jinsa (進士) so that people were very surprised at his smartness. At the age of 20, he became a Yunam Jeoldosa (桂南 節度使: military officer) in China and commander in chief of eastem section and was in charge of documentation duties. At that time, the insurgent Hwangso rebelled against the country and Goun became famous for putting down the rebel as a Dochonggyeonggwan (都統警官) . 2. Among 12 remains related to Goun distributed in Jeollabuk-do , 1 pavilion and 3 lecture halls including Jacheondae, Oksan Lecture Hall , Munchang Lecture Hall and Yeomui Lecture Hall in Gunsan’s Okgu area and Jacheondae and Munchang Le cture Hall have been located in Okgu Hyanggyo and Oksan Lecture Hall has been on the right side of Okgu Hyanggyo flanked by a wall. Amogn them, Jacheondae was the place where Choi Chi-won read books when he followed his father who was appointed in Naecho-do as a military officer of Silla during his childhood. Meanwhile， Munchang Lecture Hall, Oksan Lecture Hall and Yeomui Lecture Hall were f ounded by regional Confucian scholars in the reign of Sukjong in Joseon Dynasty (in the heyday of Confucianism) to follow the thought of loyalty and filial piety and lofty knowledge of Choi Chi -won. There many regional competent scholars have been brought up and they have played a large role in doing religious services for ancient sages and in maintaining the Confucian community order. 3. Jacheondae in Okgu-eup was actually located on a hill at Seonyeon-ri and three lecture halls were situated in the flat village with low mountains and they were surrounded by private houses. In terrns of buildings and main planting species, in Munchang Lecture Hall , inner Samun and shrines were arranged in a row. Meanwhile, inner Samun, outer Samun and space for religious services were arranged in a row and education space and managerial sector were in symmetrical form and the space for religious S8rvices was arranged in a rear(a form of building arrangement of Humyojeonhak ) in Oksan Lecture Hall and Yeomui Lecture Hall. In addition, crape myrtle was unique as a planting species and they were planted in symmetrical form in education space and space for religious services

The rsearch was an establishment of the important green spaces in Jeonju and to present the basic frame of green network. The relationship which leads to the green spaces and traditional cultual district needs the connetion of green corridor. The ecological view is used as the space for the passeuggest a connection on the base of the important green network between the green spaces and buildings as well as streets. Consequently, a creation plans of green spaces are demanded green corridor for the basic frame of green network in the tradional cultural district in Jeonju.

본 연구는 염소 액상 정액의 활용에 적합한 희석액을 검토하여, 국내 염소 인공수정 실용화를 위한 기초 자료를 확보하기 위하여 실시되었다. 두 마리의 흑염소 수컷으로부터 전기 자극법으로 정액을 채취하였다. 채취된 정액은 BTS로 희석하여 500g에서 5분간 원심분리하여 정장을 제거하고, BTS, Modena, Triladyl로 희석하여 냉장고나 온장고에서 8일간 보관되었다. BTS와 Modena로 희석된 정자의 운동성은 하루 만에 소멸되었으며, BTS로

본 연구는 소 난관 상피 세포를 채취 체외 배양을 실시하고, 이에 착상과 관련이 있은 IL-4를 첨가하여 배양액내의 임신에 관련된 호르몬들(P4, E2, TGF-)의 변화를 관찰함으로써, 소 난관 상피 세포와 착상과의 관계를 구명하고자 실시하였으며, 그에 따른 결과는 다음과 같다. 소 난관 상피 세포의 체외 배양시 IL-4 첨가에 의한 배양액내의 P4의 생산은 0.001 ng/ml의 IL-4를 첨가한 배양액의 P4의 농도는 배양 시간이 경과할수록 증가하

In Korea, nation and nationalism are undeniable justice, absolute virtue andmoreover system of desire. From the late Chosun Dynasty when the Korean Peninsula hadto survive from the critical situation of being the arena of competition, and through thecolonial period under Japanese imperialism, nationalism became stronger as a logic ofsurvival. The policy of seclusion under closed and exclusive nationalism that didn’trecognize the world situation well enough, eventually gave more pain to the nation.Nationalism in colonial Korea which was as reformed nationalism and on the other hand,as intransigent, resisting nationalism. Since the purpose of this writing is not for clarifyingthe argument raised on Korean nationalism, there is no use mentioning how it went withthe change of time. But we have to focus on the fact that the word‘nation’whichappeared under the influence of popular revolution and capitalism meaning‘a group ofpeople’, was translated and understood as a racial concept for strengthening the unity of‘single-race nation with five thousand years’history. First of all, there is nationalism used to fortify the system. ‘The Charter of NationalEducation’and‘The Pledge of Allegiance’were ornaments to intensify the ruling ideologyand dictatorship to militarize entire South Korea for‘settling Korean democracy’professednationalism. Also, another ruling ideology armed with‘self-reliance’put North Korea intothe state of hypnosis called nationalism. Nationalism, claiming‘nation’outwardly, but inreality, being an illuminating, instructing ideology isolating each other was indeed a bodywith two faces. This made‘nation’in Korea mysterious and objective through work suchas. The statue commemorating patriotic forefathers’and picture of national records’inSouth Korea art. Nationalism used to strengthening the system encountered the magical‘single-race’and made‘ghost’being an extreme exclusion to other nations. We can findpedigreed pureness not allowing any mixed breeds from the attitude accepting western art-via Japan or directly- and making it vague by using the word Korean and Asia. There’s nationalism as a resistant ideology to solidify the system on the other side. Itcame out as a way of survival among the Great Power and grew with the task of nationalliberation to became as a powerful force facing against the dictatorship dominating SouthKorea after the liberation. This discussion of nationalism as a resistance ideology was activein 1980s. In 1980, democracy movement against the dictatorship of 5th Republic originatedfrom military power which came out suppressing the democratic movement in Gwangju,spread out from the intellects and the students to the labors, farmers and the civilians. It is well known that the‘Nation-People(Minjoong)’s Art Movement could come out under thissocial condition. Our attitude toward nationalism is still dual in this opening part of 21st century. Onone hand, they are opposing to the ultra-nationalism but are not able to separate it fromnationalism, and on the other, they have much confusion using it. In fact, in a single-racenation like Korea, the situation of being nationalism and jus sanguinis together can causedual nationalism. Though nationalism is included in the globalization order, it is evidence that it’seffective in Korea where there are still modern fetters like division and separation. Inparticular, in the world where Japan makes East Asia Coalition but exposed in front ofnationalism, and China not being free from Sinocentrism, and American nationalism takingthe world order, and Russia fortifying nationalism suppressing the minority race after thedissolution of socialism, Korean nationalism is at the point to find an alternative plansuperior to the ruling and resisting ideology.