Studies evaluating the health effects of hazardous air pollutants assume that people's exposure to typical pollutant level is the same as specific regional pollutant level. However, depending on social and demographic factors, time-activity pattern of people can vary widely. Since most people live in indoor environments over 88% of the day, evaluating exposure to hazardous air pollutants is hard to characterize. Objective of this study was to estimate the exposure levels of university students of NO2, VOCs(BTEX) and PM10 using the scenarios with time-activity pattern and indoor concentrations. Using data from time-use survey of National Statistical Office in 2009, we investigated time-activity pattern of university students and hourly major action. A total of 1,057 university students on weekday and 640 on weekend spent their times at indoor house 13.04 hr(54.32%), other indoors 7.70 hr(32.06%), and transportation 2.36 hr(9.83%). Indoor environments in which university students spent their times were mainly house and school. Air pollutants concentrations of other indoor environments except house and school such as bar, internet cafe and billiard hall were higher than outdoors, indicating that indoor to outdoor ratios were above 1. According to three types of exposure scenarios, exposure to air pollutants could be reduced by going home after school.

In this study, an experiment was conducted on influent water with low concentrations of organic matter, such as river water or secondary treatment water of a sewage treatment plant, according to HRT changes by using aerobic biofilm. In the biofilm process, as the biofilm increases in thickness, the inner membrane can be low in oxygen transfer rate and become anaerobic conditions, while the detachment of biomass from biofilm occurs. To overcome these limitations in the detachment of microorganisms in biofilm, the yarn, which was made from poly propylene(PP), was weaved and manufactured into a tube. Then, a test was carried out by injecting air so that the interior of the biofilm could create aerobic conditions. The results of the experiment showed that the removal efficiency of TCODcr reached 66.1∼81.2% by HRT 2hr, and 50.9 ∼61.8% after HRT 1 hr. The removal efficiency of SCODcr was 45.9 to 55.1% by HRT 1hr, and 26.1% in HRT 0.5hr, showing the highest removal efficiency in HRT 1hr. The SS removal efficiency was at 81.8 to 94.6%, and the effluent SS concentration was very low, indicating less than 2.2 mg/L in all HRT's. As a result, the SCODcr and NH4 +-N that were removed per specific surface area and attached to microbial biofilm showed the highest efficiency in HRT 1hr with 8.37 gSCODcr/m2·d, 2.93 gNH4 +-N/m2·d. From the result of reviewing the characteristics of biofilm growth, microorganisms were found to be attached, and increased by 36 days. Later, they decreased in number through detachment, but showed a tendency to increase again 41 days later due to microbial reproduction.

서양민들레의 시설생산을 위해 배지조성 및 차광정도를 달리한 환경조건에 대한 생육특성과 그에 따른 생리활성 변이를 검토하고자 온실과 실험실 시험을 수행하였다. 서양민들레 시설생산을 위한 적정한 배지조합은 coco peat와 perlite를 각각 70 : 30과 50 : 50으로 혼합한 배지가 coco peat와 perlite 각각의 단독배지보다 생육 및 수량에 있어서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 차광정도에 따른 서양민들레의 초장, 근장, 엽수, 근직경, 엽면적, 엽록소 함량 및 생체중은 무차광이 50%와 70%차광보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 총 페놀 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 지하부보다는 지상부에서 높게 나타났다. 총 페놀 함량은 무차광에서 차광보다 높게 검출되었고, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 50%차광에서 가장 높았고 그 다음이 무차광과 70%차광 순으로 높았다. 한편, DPPH 라디컬 소거능과 아질산염 측정을 통한 항산화성은 추출물 농도가 증가할수록 높은 활성을 보였고 지하부보다는 지상부에서, 차광보다는 무차광에서 높은 활성을 보였다.

The phenolic compounds which were extracted with 70% ethanol from Ulmus pumila for 12 hr were the highest as 17.9±1.0 mg/g. DPPH scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extracts was also the highest as 89.5±1.9% and it was confirmed to be high as 80% over in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing 50 μg/mL over phenolic concentration. ABTS radical cation decolorization activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts were higher as 96.8±2.9%, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 2.0 PF in 70% ethanol and showed higher activities in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing 200 μg/mL phenolic concentration as 2.5 PF than BHA. TBARs of 70% ethanol extracts was 86.5±4.6%, it showed high anti-oxidative activity in 50∼200 μg/mL phenolic concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts as 80% over. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts against hypertension was 77.4% and 90.6% in water and 70% ethanol extracts of 200 μg/mL phenolic concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts for anti-gout effect was not observed in water extracts, but it showed 30% inhibitory activity in 70% ethanol extracts, and 48.1% at 200 μg/mL phenolics concentration.

This research was performed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of waste oil, waste solvent, and waste paint as waste derived fuel (WDF) feeding materials and WDF. Low heating values (LHVs) were in the ranges of 8,313.8 ~ 10,989.5 kcal/kg for waste oil, 4,109.1 ~ 9,890.6 kcal/kg for waste solvent, 5,733.7 ~ 8,051.0 kcal/kg for waste paint, and 5,184.2 ~ 10,679.0 kcal/kg for WDF. Sulfur contents showed 0.010 ~ 1.900% for waste oil, 0.000 ~ 0.073% for waste solvent, 0.004 ~ 0.581% for waste paint, and 0.001 ~ 0.700%, respectively. Chloride contents showed the ranges of 2 ~ 4,870 mg/kg for waste oil, 0 ~ 12,900 mg/kg for waste solvent, 0 ~ 10,700 mg/kg for waste paint, and 'not detected' ~ 4,070 mg/kg for WDF. Cd, As, and Hg were detected minimally in a few sample only. Other heavy metals showed below standard permission value for WDF. Feeding materials for WDF showed greatly different characteristics within even same sorts of wastes. And, as results of LHV, S, Cl, and heavy metal contents, WDF samples investigated in this research satisfied the standard permission value for WDF.

‘적진주찰’은 2002년 하계에 종피가 적색 메벼인 ‘적진주벼’와 SR27753(상남밭벼/적진주벼)를 교배하여 국립식량과학원 벼품종육종연구팀이 계통육종법에 의해 선발하면서 주요 병해충 및 미질검정을 병행하였다. 선발된 우량계통에 대해 2007～2008년 2년간 생산력검정시험을 실시한 결과 조생종이고 종피가 적색이면서 찰벼인 SR28796-10-3-1-1 계통을 선발하여 ‘수원524호’로 계통명을 부여하고 2008～2010년 3년간 지역적응시험 실시한 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2010년 12월 농촌진흥청 농작물직무육성신품종선정위원회에서 품종으로 선정되었으며 ‘적진주찰’이라 명명하였다. 이 품종은 중부지역 보통기 보비재배에서 출수기가 8월 2일로 조생종이다. 간장은 85 cm 정도이고, 수당입수는 136개로 약간 많은 편이다. 현미 천립중은 19.9 g이다. 현미의 종피 색은 붉은색이며 찰벼이다. 항산화 성분인 폴리페놀 함량은 310 mg /100 g로 ‘적진주벼’ 177 mg/100 g에 비하여 높고, DPPH인 항산화 활성 정도가 456 mg/100 g으로 ‘적진주벼’의 272 mg /100 g에 비하여 높다. 도열병, 흰잎마름병, 바이러스병 및 해충에 약한 편이다. 현미수량은 중부지역 보통기 보비재배의 3년 평균 4.68 MT/ha의 수준인 품종으로 중부평야지가 재배적응 지역이다.

Miscellaneous grain crops has been appeared as a well-being food and the demand of them are increasing recently. It is urgent to study especially about the functional materials of foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum. This experiment was conducted to evaluation and comparison several functional materials of fatty acids, anthocyanin content, total phenol content and DPPH assay of rice, and foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum produced organically so that these results would provide as a basic information for developing functional products by using miscellaneous grain crops. Total content of fatty acids was in order of foxtail millet (0.649%) and common millet (0.33%), sorghum (0.172%) and rice (0.111%) respectively. The content of unsaturated fatty acid was also in order of foxtail millet (0.511%) and common millet (0.269%), sorghum (0.122%) and rice (0.069%) respectively. Although there was no detection of anthocyanin content in rice, foxtail millet and common millet, sorghum showed high content of anthocyanin content. Sorghum of Mongdangsusu showed the highest anthocyanin content (137.5mg/g). In the total phenol content of rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, rice of Chucheongbyeo had high content (13.70㎍/g) whereas Daeanbyeo was the lowest content (10.07㎍/g). Foxtail millet of Hinchajo, common millet of Byeorukgijang and sorghum of Chalsusu showed the highest total phenol content of 25.8㎍/g, 69.4㎍/g and 682.2㎍/g respectively. In the average of total phenol content among rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum showed 12.25㎍/g, 16.95㎍/g, 51.01㎍/g and 447.4㎍/ g of total phenol content respectively. The average of total phenol content of sorghum was 26.3㎍/g. It is 36.3 and 26.3 times higher compared with rice and foxtail millet respectively. In the antioxidant activity of seeds by DPPH(1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl) assay for rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, rice of Chucheongbyeo, foxtail millet of Ganghywajo and common millet of Geumeungijang showed the highest antioxidant activity with 3.6%, 4.78% and 13.4% respectively. Antioxidant activity of sorghum ranged from 88.47 to 90.11%. The average of antioxidant activity among four crops, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from sorghum (89.50%) and the next was common millet (6.13%), foxtail millet (2.43%), and rice (1.60%) in their order of antioxidant activity. The average of antioxidant activity of sorghum showed 55.9, 37.0 and 15times higher compared with rice, common millet and foxtail millet respectively.

The production of adventitious roots derived from root explant of Echinacea angustifolia and its secondary metabolite content were assessed in different types and levels of auxin. The induction of adventitious roots from root explant cultured in Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L indole -3-butyric acid (IBA) attained highest as 20.87 mg fresh weight and 3.07 mg dry weight per culture but root suspension culture at the same concentration of IBA enhanced biomass production as 3.07 g fresh weight and 0.38 g per culture after 4 weeks in culture. 3.0 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatment had similar effect on root biomass production as 3.07 g fresh weight and 0.38 g per culture with liquid suspension culture, whereas adventitious roots exposed to over 3.0-5.0 mg/L IBA or 5.0 mg/L NAA were less responsive by reducing the number of adventitious roots and/or changing root morphology such as short and thick. The content of secondary metabolites such as phenolic, flavonoids and total caffeic acid in adventitious roots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA were attained highest as 27.20, 9.60. 10.67 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Overall, the best production of root biomass and secondary metabolites were given by 1.0 mg/L IBA.

Gastrodia elata, an achlorophyllous orchid plant, is rare medicinal plant. We investigated the genetic diversity in G. elata from 4 locations by using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Shannon's information Index (S.I.) indicating genetic diversity ranged from 0.255 (Pocheon) to 0.322 (Muju) with the mean of 0.29. The level of genetic diversity was lower than other plant and most genetic diversity was allocated among individuals within populations (26.81%). The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance failed in showing decisive geographic relationship. In the case of gastrodin (GA), the major components in G. elata, Sangju was highest. The ergothionine (ERG) was detected a lot of contents in Muju and Pocheon. In conclusion, our results is very important information for explaining relationship of genetic variation and functional substances without the effects of environment factors and developing genetic marker by ISSR in G. elata, which may be responsible for the development of breeds with a lot of functional substance in G. elata.

The versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) have proven useful for providing elevated levels of atmospheric aerosol to human and animal exposures. In this study, we describe a VACES and tests conducted to both optimize the enhancement factor (EF) and characterize how it depends on experiment conditions. Particle number concentrations were measured from upstream and downstream of the system by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) with a long differential mobility analyzer (DMA) in combination with a condensation particle counter (CPC). SMPS was used for to determine VACES particle EF. Particle EF tends to increase for higher the saturator temperature (TSat) and lower the condenser temperature (TCon). TCon higher than 0 °C and TSat lower than 50 °C was the best to obtain the most increase in particle concentration. Correlation analysis of EF with factor variables of TSat and TCon resulted in correlation 0.662 and 0.416, respectively. With all five predictor variables included in a multiple regression model, the EF had a liner correlation with R2 = 0.643.

a initial setting of mortar containing 0.2% xylitol and 2% sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate was found to become fast. And a initial setting of mortar containing 0.3% xylitol was found to become slow. Also, mortar containing xylitol and PCM can reduce of maximum temperature and increase compressive and tensile strength compared to the plain mortar and mortar containing blast-furnace slag.

Yongsan ward is located at central place connecting south and north ecology axis of seoul. Various environment-friendly Yongsan development could pose positive effects on NPS(non pollutant source) pollutant reductions and water quality improvement at Han-rive because BOD, T-N, and T-P NPS discharges took 90% of total pollutant from this area. In this study, direct runoff and NPS pollutant loads were evaluated before and after development using spatio-tamporal change in CN(curve number) and EMC(event mean concentration) data. It was found that direct runoff value is 23,584,724 m3, and BOD, T-N and T-P loads are 104,456 kg/year, 111,483 kg/year and 7,500 kg/year under pre-development condition, respectively. Annual runoff, BOD, T-N and T-P reducing rate were 12.9%, 33.3%, 35.6% and 40.7% under integrated post-development condition, respectively. Based on the results obtained in this study, environment-friendly urban development could be achieved at Yongsan area.

The SSH100-10 bacterial strain, which exhibits strong antifungal (anti-mold and anti-yeast) activity, was isolated from traditional korean soysauce aged 100 years. The strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on Gram-staining, the biochemical properties and 16S rRNA gene sequence determination. B. velezensis SSH100-10 showed strong proteinase activity and NaCl tolerance, but did not produce enterotoxin. Two-antifungal compounds from B. velezensis SSH100-10 were purified using SPE, preparative HPLC, and reverse phase-HPLC. The purified antifungal compounds were identified as C14 and C15 iturin through MALDI-TOF-MS and amino acid composition analysis. The stability characteristics of the antifungal compounds after temperature, pH, and enzyme treatments suggested that B. velezensis SSH100-10 produced more than two antifungal compounds; pH-stable C14 iturin A and C15 iturin A, and unidentified pH-unstable compounds. The results suggested that B. velezensis SSH100-10 can be used in soybean fermentation as a starter. Moreover it has potential as a biopreservative in the food and feed industry and as a biocontrol agent in the field of agriculture.

골다공증의 유발제인 카드뮴(cadmium, Cd)에 대한 세포 독성과 이에 대한 우슬(Achyranthis radix, AR) 추출물의 영향을 배양 골모세포(HFOB-1)를 재료로 항산화 측면에서 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구에서 Cd의 일종인 CdCl2는 처리 농도에 비례하여 배양 HFOB-1세포의 생존율(cell viability)을 유의하게 감소시킴으로서 세포 독성을 나타냈다. 한편, 항산화제인 superoxide dismutase(SOD)와 butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)는 CdCl2에 의해 감소된 세포 생존율을 유의하게 증가시킴으로서 CdCl2에 의한 세포독성을 방어하였다. 한편, CdCl2의 세포 독성에 대한 AR 추출물의 영향에 있어서, AR 추출물은 CdCl2에 의하여 감소된 세포 생존율을 유의하게 증가시킴으로서 CdCl2에 의한 세포 독성을 방어하였으며, 또한 전자공여능(electron donating activity, EDA)과 지질과산화(lipid peroxidation, LP) 억제능을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 CdCl2의 세포 독성에 산화적 손상이 관여하고 있으며 CR 추출물은 CdCl2에 의하여 감소된 세포생존율의 증가는 물론, EDA 및 LP 억제능과 같은 항산화 효과(antioxidative effect)에 의하여 세포 독성을 방어한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 AR 추출물과 같은 천연성분은 뇌졸중(stroke)이나 허혈(ischemia)과 같이 산화적 손상으로 매개되는 난치성 질환의 치료적 접근을 위한 소재로서의 적용가치가 클 것으로 생각된다.

The impact of a considerable increase in traffic volume on the emission and concentrations of air pollutants was investigated at three beaches (Haeundae (HB), Gwanganri (GB), and Songjeong (SB)) in Busan during beach opening period (BOP) in 2011. During the BOP, passenger car was the major vehicle type, followed by taxi, and van. CO was the major contributor of total air pollutant emissions followed by NOx, VOC, and PM10. For the temporal variation of the emission of air pollutants during the BOP, it was generally the highest in the afternoon followed by the evening and morning, except for SB. For the spatial variation of their emission, it was the highest at GB followed by SB and HB. The emissions of air pollutants during the BOP were generally higher than those during the Non-BOP, except for HB. In contrast, the significant impact of the traffic volume increase on the concentrations of air pollutants at monitoring sites near the three beaches during the BOP were not found compared to the Non-BOP due to the significant distances between monitoring sites of air pollutants and monitoring sites of traffic volume at the beaches.

Ground seawater quality was investigated, and the algal growth potential (AGP) tests were performed along the Tongyeong coast to examine the inflow of materials, which is needed for the red tide species Cochlodinium polykrikoides to grow. The study was conducted to determine the mechanism for C. polykrikoidesred tides. Water temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged from 16.05 to 20.74°C, 18.20 to 32.11 psu, 6.00 to 7.61, and 3.41 to 7.91 mg/L (41.4– 96.1%), respectively. No seasonal variation was observed in water temperature. The salinity, pH, and DO saturations at most stations were lower than those of coastal seawater at Tongyeong. The NH4 +-N, NO2+3 --N, PO4 3--P concentrations ranged from 0.43 to 16.00μM, 1.50 to 132.38μM, and 1.30 to 6.29μM, respectively; the values at some stations were much higher than observed in Tongyeong coast seawater. Using seawater from station B, C. polykrikoides grew consistently, with a high growth rate, similar to the red tide in nature. This seawater appeared to contain materials needed by C. polykrikoides to grow. Therefore, C. polykrikoides red tides seem to occur wherever the ground sea water contains materials that are needed for its growth.

사시나무의 생장 특성과 대사물질간의 관계를 구명하여 생장추정 관련 주요 인자를 구명하고자 사시나무 18년생을 대상으로 우량 클론과 일반 클론간의 생장특성 및 생장하고 있는 주간 내피조직의 대사물질을 비교, 분석하였다. 사시나무 생장특성과 주간 내피조직의 전탄소 함량, 전질소 함량, δ15N값 및 sucrose 함량 간에 유의적 상관관계가 있었다. 특히 유리 아미노산의 함량은 재적 및 흉고직경과 고도의 정의 상관관계(p<0.01)가 있어 수체내의 질소함량이 높을수록 생장이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. GC/MS를 이용하여 사시나무 클론 간의 대사체를 분석한 결과 78종의 대사물질 중 51종이 재적생장과 상관관계가 있었으며, 주간 내피조직의 succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, sucrose 및 phosphoric acid의 함량이 상대적으로 높을수록 재적 생장이 큰 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 사시나무 생장 우량클론은 주간 내피조직의 수용성 sucrose 및 유리 아미노산 함량이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 복합적 인자는 사시나무 우량클론 선발을 위한 대사 표지자의 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

무당개구리(B. orientalis)의 수정란은 수정 후 약 24h에 원구입술을 형성하며, 이 원구의 고리를 통해 이동하는 세포가 중배엽을 형성하고, 중배엽의 수렴확장에는 noggin, chordin, follistatin이 큰 영향을 미친다. Mercuric chloride는 높은 독성, 생물 농축적 특성을 갖는 가장 위험한 중금속 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 양서류 초기배아의 중배엽 형성과정에서 수은 이온에 의해 유발되는 중배엽 발생저해 효과를 DMZ explants를 이용하여 체외분석 및 유전자 발현 분석하였다. 무당개구리 배아는 hCG를 주사하여 획득하였으며, 획득한 배아는 22℃에서 발생시켰다. 동물극 유도 시에는 후기 포배의 배아 동물극 정중앙을 1～2 mm 크기로 절개하여 이용하였고, DMZ 분리는 원구입술의 크기가 배아 둘레 기준으로 약 1/8 정도 확장된 배아가 되었을 때 절개하여 실험에 사용하였다. 24-well tissue culture plate에 1X MR로 조제한 1.5% agarose 고체배지 500μl에 1X MR, penicillin(1μl/ml), streptomycin(10μl/ml), BSA(0.25μl/ml)로 조제한 액체 배양액 500μl를 첨가하여 배양하였다. 동물극의 중배엽 유도를 위한 실험군에는 추가적으로 Activin-A를 2.0 ng/ml의 농도로 처리하였다. Mercuric Chloride는 3차 증류수에 녹인 후 0(vehicle control group), 0.1, 1, 10 μM의 농도로 배양액에 처리하여 20℃에서 배양하며, 12시간 경과 후 DMZ explant의 수렴확장 정도를 이미지 분석프로그램을 통해 수치화 하였다. 배양된 explants는 RT-PCR을 이용하여 cDNA로 합성하고, noggin, chordin, follistatin의 발현량을 측정하였다. 실험결과, 동물극의 중배엽 유도 실험에서는 확장 정도를 의미하는 길이신장은 10μM(2.715 mg/L) 처리군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 수렴 정도를 의미하는 동물극 신장 부위의 두께는 10μM(2.715 mg/L) 처리군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 반면, 종합적인 수렴확장 정도의 비교를 위한 길이/폭 비율에서는 유의적인 차이가 발견되지 않았다. DMZ explant의 확장 정도를 의미하는 길이신장은 10μM(2.715 mg/L) 처리군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 반면, 수렴 정도를 의미하는 DMZ explant 두께는 수은이온처리에 따른 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 종합적인 수렴확장 정도의 비교를 위한 길이/폭 비율은 10μM(2.715 mg/L)의 수은이온 처리군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 유전자 발현량 측정 결과, 동물극의 중배엽 유도 실험에서는 noggin의 경우 1, 10μM에서, chordin의 경우 0.1, 1, 10μM에서, follistatin의 경우 1, 10μM에서 감소하는 양상을 보였다. DMZ explant 배양에서는 통계적으로 유의한 수렴확장저해가 확인되지 않았다. 무당개구리 배아를 이용한 Mercuric Chloride의 중배엽 형성저해 분석 결과, 10μM(2.715 mg/L) 이상의 농도는 DMZ의 길이 성장, 길이/폭 비율을 저해시키며, 동물극의 중배엽 형성 유도에서는 길이 성장, 폭 성장을 저해시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 동물극의 중배엽 유도군에서 수렴 확장 정도에서의 변화가 나타나지 않은 것은 길이와 폭의 성장이 모두 저해되었기 때문에 비율의 변화값이 고정되었음에 따른 것으로 사료된다. 또한 유전자 발현양상을 분석한 결과 길이 측정결과에서 보였던 결과와 마찬가지로 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 양상을 보였으므로 수은이 중배엽 형성을 저해하는 효과를 가졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 단, DMZ explant 군에서의 변화양상이 없는 것으로 보아, 차후 중배엽 형성 저해 실험을 관찰할 때에는 동물극 유도 실험군을 이용하는 것이 더 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

Emission characteristics of gaseous odor compounds emitted from the charcoal manufacturing process were investigated, and evaluated the odor removal efficiency of odor control devices. It was found that the measured odor dilution ratio of emission gases ranged from 10,000 to 44,814, which exceed largely the emission standard in the stack. Methylmercaptan, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, acetaldehyde were turned out as major odor compounds of the charcoal manufacturing process. It was revealed that the odor removal ratio of odor control devices were very low due to the its improper maintenance and wrong design.

국민의 생활수준 향상, 소비자의 다양한 쌀의 요구 증대 그리고 건강을 위한 새로운 기능성 쌀의 요구의 증대가 점점 많아지고 있다. 또 쌀 소비가 줄어드는 현실에 쌀 소비 촉진이 요구된다. 지금까지는 수량 증대와 미질 향상 위주의 고품질쌀 개발에 주력해왔지만 농촌진흥청은 쌀 용도의 다양화로 쌀 소비 촉진을 위하여 내병성 유색향미를 육성할 목적으로 2002년 하계에 적색 메벼인 수원477호(흑광벼)와 C3G 함유한 CG2-75-4-1-22-3 계통을 교배하여 계통육종법으로 ‘선향흑미’를 2011년 개발하였다. ｢선향흑미｣는 출수기가 8월11일 중생종으로 중부평야에서 흑진주벼 7월24일 및 호남평야 적진주벼 8월 3일보다 늦은 품종이다. 도열병에는 강하지는 않으나 흰잎마름병에 강하고 줄무늬잎마름병은 중정도로 강한 품종이다. 향이 흑진주벼에 비하여 강하다. 수량관련 특성으로 주당수수는 흑진주벼와 비슷한 14개이며 수당립수는 122개로 흑진주벼보다 많고, 평균 현미수량은 427㎏/10a로 흑진주벼 대비 45% 증수되었으며, 현미천립중은 17.0g으로 흑진주벼(16.2g)와 비슷한 쌀이 작은 품종이다. 아밀로스 함량은 19.7%로 메벼이며 현미색은 진한 검정색으로 안토시안 함량은 136mg/100g, 항산화 성분인 폴리페놀 함량은 529mg/100g 그리고 플라보노이드 함량 그리고 항산화 활성 등은 흑진주벼 등 국내 육성 품종에 비해 높은 편이다. 안토시안 및 항산화물질을 고함유한 이 품종의 용도는 가공용 및 혼반용이며 재배적응 지역은 중부평야 및 호남평야이다. 앞으로도 벼는 수량성 그리고 품질을 기본으로 건강 기능성이 더해지는 다양한 색의 쌀로 발전하게 될 것이다.