선사들 간의 전략적 제휴관계를 통한 얼라이언스 및 대형선사가 꾸준하게 출범함에 따라 이들을 고객으로 유치하고 유지하는 것은 허브항의 지위를 차지하는데 중요한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 컨테이너 터미널의 경우 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 있기 때문에 이를 기반으로 정책적 전략을 수립하는 것이 수월하다. 그에 반해 벌크터미널은 상대적으로 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 그러나 컨테이너터미널과 벌크터미널은 항만이라는 동일 범주에 포함되는 것으로 전체적인 관점에서 실증연구가 필요하다고 판단하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 구조방정식분석을 활용하였다. 전체 측정모델의 분석결과 벌크터미널의 ‘성과-재계약의도’를 제외한 모든 항목이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 기존에 시도되지 않았던 컨테이너터미널과 벌크터미널 간의 비교를 시도함으로써 향후 다양한 차원에서의 실증연구 활성화에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것 이라 기대된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the participant’s perception of importance and performance of rural tourism network products that are linked with local resources, and propose the implications on the development direction of such products. The focus is on helping rural tourism network products acquire competencies that will help them evolve their business and differentiate themselves. To reach these objectives, a survey was designed through theoretical research on the motive of rural tourism and on agritourism networks. The survey was carried out on visitors to rural communities that produce rural tourism network products from November, 2015, to January, 2016 using 165 copies of a questionnaire after distributing 175 copies. The first quadrant continue and sustain‘, an area of high importance and high performance, included trial program components, stress reduction, getting away from daily routines, gaining new experiences, comfort, experiencing rural culture, travel expenses, and making memories with family. The second quadrant ‘requires intensive improvement’, an area of high importance but low performance, included having diverse trial programs, refreshment, experiencing agriculture, and education of children. Therefore, continuous interest is required for the area of ‘maintenance’ just as it is for activating educational farms in rural communities and a more fundamental improvement in the operation should be made for the area of ‘intensive management’.

This study analyzes the management performance of environmentally-friendly rice farms using GCM method based on the multifaceted approach. This approach compares the management performance of GCM farms before and after the introduction of GCM, as well as the performance of GCM farms with the performance of conventional farms. It also compares the technical and managerial competence level of surveyed GCM farms with that of conventional farms based on the standard diagnosis table developed by Rural Development Adminstration. Results showed that average income has increased after the introduction of the GCM method and the average income of GCM farms was higher than that of conventional farms, while the level of rice production in farms using GCM method was lower than that of conventional farms. In addition, the technical and managerial competence score of surveyed farms using GCM method was higher than that of conventional farms. These results implies that the higher management performance of GCM farms compared to the conventional farms is attributed to not only the GCM method but also the competence level of farms using GCM method.

This study is to evaluate the per capita accessibility to child care facilities using road map in rural village unit considering the supply and demand of child care facilities in municipal (Si-Gun) units. Using these estimated accessibility, the most accessible regions to child care facilities was identifies using Moran’s index. Assuming establish a new child care facility in the most accessible region, the sensitivity of child care environment was analyzed. The number of regions are 71 si-gun-gu where supply of child care facilities is insufficient. The average accessibility per capita is 1.09 km to child care facilities and the average accessibility in Myeon unit is approximately 2.2 times higher than accessibility in Eup unit (Eup unit 0.54 km, Myeon unit 1.21 km). Approach tendency from village to child care facilities has positive relationship as 0.451 global Moran’s index. The high-high (H-H) accessibility regions are wide as Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollanam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Assumed to be established the new child care facilities in Yangyang-gun (Ganwon-do), accessibility changes of child care environment are up to 2.7 times greater and the recipient population is 77% of Yangyang-gun.

다변량 지역빈도해석은 기존에 사용되어온 다변량 빈도해석과 지역빈도해석의 장점을 가지고 있는 방법으로 다양한 변수를 고려함으로써 수문현상에 대하여 많은 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 현재까지는 우리나라의 수문자료를 이용하여 다변량 지역빈도해석이 시도된 적이 없어 국내의 수문자료를 대상으로 다변량 지역빈도해석의 적용성을 검토할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 다변량 지역빈도해석의 수문학적 동질지역을 설정하는 단계에 집중하여 이변량 수문자료인 연최대 강우량-지속기간 자료에 대하여 수문학적 동질지역을 설정하였다. 이변량 지역빈도해석에서 사용되는 지역 구분방법의 한국의 연최대 강우량-지속기간 자료에 대한 적용성을 평가하였고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 기상청 71개 지점에 대하여 분석을 실시하였다. 군집해석방법으로는 K-medoid 방법을 적용하였고, 불일치 척도와 이질성 척도를 이용하여 지역구분이 적절히 되었는지를 판정하였다. 군집해석 결과 한국은 총 5개의 지역으로 나누어지며, 두 지역을 제외하고는 지역 내 모든 지점의 불일치 척도가 기준치 이하인 것으로 나타났다. 자료연수가 짧은 지점에서 불일치 척도가 높게 나오는 것을 확인하였다. 구분된 모든 지역은 지역 내 지점들의 자료들이 동질한 것으로 나타났고 각 지점간의 상관성이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다.

In order to investigate the PM10 concentration trend and its characteristics over five different sub area in Busan from 2013 to 2015, data analysis with considering air flow distribution according to its topography was carried out using statistical methodology. The annual mean concentrations of PM10 in Busan tend to decrease from 49.6㎍/m³ in 2013 to 46.9㎍/m³ in 2015. The monthly mean concentrations value of PM10 were high during spring season, from March to May, and low during summer and fall due to frequent rain events. The concentration of PM10 was the highest in five different sub-area in Busan. High concentration episodes over 90 percentile of daily PM10 concentration were strongly associated with mean daily wind speed, and often occurred when the westerly wind or southwesterly wind were dominant. Regardless of wind direction, the highest correlation of PM10 concentrations was observed between eastern and southern regions, which were geographically close to each other, and the lowest in the western and eastern regions blocked by mountains. Wind flow along the complex terrain in Busan is also one of the predominant factors to understand the temporal variation of PM10 concentrations.

As Korean food service franchise companies sought to advance into around 2,000 new foreign markets, the importance of global management was emphasized. They intensively expanded into Chinese and American markets in 2015 and these two markets account for approximately 40% of total food service franchise companies in foreign countries. Although Japan has huge franchise market, Korean food service franchise companies in Japan only account for 5% of total franchise companies in Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between food service franchise selection factors, brand loyalty, and revisit intention of Japanese consumers using Korean food service franchise companies in Japanese food service market, and based on the analysis results, draw the implications for the expansion of Korean food service franchise companies into the Japanese market. Food service franchise selection factors is defined as service and cleanliness, taste, safety and reliability, cost and convenience, and professionalism. The study results can be summarized as follows. First, analysis was performed to identify the effects of food service franchise selection factors on the brand loyalty, it showed that five food service franchise selection factors including professionalism, service and cleanliness, cost and convenience had positive (+) effects on the brand loyalty. One of the most important factors influencing the brand loyalty is professionalism. In order to raise food service franchise’s professionalism, it is necessary for the food service franchise companies to establish stronger strategies containing professional operation systems and services compared to general restaurants. Second, analysis was performed to identify the effects of food service franchise selection factors on revisit intention, five food service franchise selection factors, service and cleanliness, safety and reliability, and cost and convenience had positive (+) effects on revisit intention. One of the most important factors influencing revisit intention is safety and reliability. Thus, in order to raise safety and reliability it is important to form trust with consumers by properly utilizing systems of food hygiene and food safety accreditation.

위험·유해물질(HNS) 유출사고를 대비하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 지역별 산업 집중도를 지수화하여 동향을 파악하기 위해 쓰이는 집중도지수를 활용하여 HNS 사고의 지역별 집중도를 확인하였다. 이는 HNS를 포함한 해양 유출사고 데이터를 바탕으로 HNS 사고 규모 집 중도지수와 HNS 사고 빈도 집중도지수를 수치화하여 하나의 값인 HNS 사고 집중도지수를 제시하는 방식이다. 도출된 지역별 HNS 사고집 중도 지수값를 바탕으로 울산을 HNS 대비 최우선 지역, 여수, 부산, 태안을 HNS 대비 우선지역, 군산, 목포, 완도, 인천, 통영, 평택, 포항을 HNS 대비 필요지역, 그 밖에 해양유출사고가 발생하지 않은 동해, 보령, 부안, 서귀포, 속초, 제주, 창원을 HNS 대비 지원지역으로 그룹화하 여 대비측면의 우선순위를 설정하였다.

This work was conducted to identify sweet potato [(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)] cultivars showing high yield and processing suitability in the Jeonbuk region of Korea. Shoot-slips (30 cm in length) of 14 cultivars were planted with a planting density of 75×25 cm on May 30, and cultivated with black film mulching. Vine elongation at 30 days after planting was significantly increased (> 90 cm) in ‘Dahomi’ and ‘Sinhwangmi’, and was excellent (> 250 cm) 120 days after planting in ‘Sinhwangmi’, ‘Shinyulmi’, ‘Daeyumi’, ‘Jinhongmi’, and ‘Yeonhwangmi’. The branch number per plant showed a dramatic increase in ‘Shinzami’ 30 and 120 days after planting. The leaf number per plant showed the highest increase in ‘Shinzami’ 30 days and in ‘Sinhwangmi’ 120 days after planting. Total weight, mean weight, and number of marketable tubers per plant were significantly higher 150 days after planting than that 120 days after planting. Marketable tuber yield at 120 days was high, over 2.5 ton/10a in ‘Daeyumi’, ‘Dahomi’, and ‘Jeonmi’, and was considerably increased, from 3.2 ton/10a to 3.5 ton/10a, 150 days after planting. Total weight of marketable tubers per plant and marketable tuber yield 120 and 150 days after planting had significant positive correlations with vine length and number of nodes 30 days after planting. Starch value was significantly higher 150 days after planting than that 120 days after planting. ‘Daeyumi’ and ‘Jeonmi’ had good growth vigor, high yield, and high starch content; ‘Dahomi’ also exhibited beneficial traits such as good growth vigor, high yield, and bright orange-colored flesh.

In this study, a weighted ensemble method of numerical weather prediction by ensemble models is applied for PyeongChang area. The post-processing method takes into account combination and calibration of forecasts from different numerical models, assigning greater weight to ensemble models that exhibit the better performance. Three different numerical models, including European Center Medium-Range Weather Forecast, Ensemble Prediction System for Global, and Limited Area Ensemble Prediction System, were used to perform the post-processing method. We compared the model outputs from the weighed combination of ensembles with those from the Ensemble Model Output Statistics (EMOS) model for each raw ensemble model. The results showed that the weighted ensemble method can significantly improve the post-processing performance, compared to the raw ensemble method of the numerical models.

Rice quality should be considered as a primary consumer requirement. Regarding marketing, characteristics such as appearance, physicochemical properties, and palatability of brand rice are of high economic importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to select the optimal rice cultivars representing the commercial rice brands of Gyeongsangbuk-do province in Korea. Various rice grain quality components, grain appearance, several physicochemical properties of rice grain, and texture or palatability of cooked rice grains of ten cultivars (namely ‘top quality rice’) cultivated at three different locations, such as inland mountainous and southern plain areas of Gyeongsangbuk-do province in 2013~2014, were evaluated, and the obtained data was analyzed. ‘Hiami’ showed slightly higher protein contents and lower palatability of cooked rice than the other rice cultivars. Rice production and head rice yield produced at Gumi were the highest. The protein content of milled rice produced at Andong, an inland mountainous region, was approximately 0.3% point lower than that from other locations, whereas the amylose content of milled rice was approximately 1% point higher than those from the other plain regions, Daegu and Gumi. We evaluated the texture, Glossiness value determined using a Toyo teste meter and palatability of cooked rice of ten cultivars. The hardness of cooked rice produced in Andong was slightly lower than that produced in Daegu and Gumi, and additionally, the palatability of cooked rice produced in Andong was the best, followed by that producted in Gumi and Daegu. Considering rice yield and grain quality in the major rice cultivation areas of Gyeongsangbuk-do province, the rice cultivars that may be suitable for each region could be recommended mid-late maturation: ‘Younghojinmi’ and ‘Mipum’ in Daegu, ‘Daebo’, ‘Samgwang’, Chilbo’ and ‘Younghojinmi’ in Gumi, ‘Samgwang’, ‘Jinsumi’ and ‘Sukwang’ in Andong. These results obtained in this study imply that the selected cultivars with high yield and quality could be recommended with high priority to rice farmers in the regions.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential and major nutrient for both plants and animals. However, anthropogenic P in the environment may cause severe problems such as the deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it is essential for the Korean government to manage P in the agricultural sector. The annual P budget for Korea was 46 kg P ha-1 in 2013, placing Korea in second among Organication for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. P surplus and deficiency in agricultural lands can be estimated according to the P budget, which is one of the OECD agri-environment indicators. In the P budget, it is important to ensure consistency in the input-output data sources, in order to apply national and regional policies for the environmentally sound management of agricultural P. This study examines the impacts on the input-output data sources in the regional P budget in Korea. P budgets were between 99-145 kg-P/ha, depending on different data sources. We suggest two recommended data combinations (DC 1 and DC 2) for reliability of the data. P budgets calculated using DC 1 and DC 2 were 128 kg-P/ha and 97 kg-P/ha, respectively. According to the results, one of the core factors affecting P budgets was crop production. In this study, DC 2 was recommended rather than DC 1 in order to consider the cultivated areas for various crops. It is also necessary to analyze the sensitivity of the coefficients used in P budget in the future.

The study was intended to identify the effect of the rural development projects (comprehensive improvement of the seats of Eup and Myeon and regional unit comprehensive development projects) on the quality of life in rural areas against local residents living in areas subject to those projects by means of structural equation modeling based on covariance structure analysis. The result indicated that perception factors affecting the quality of life for residents in rural areas by the projects included ‘improvement in spatial environment’, ‘increase in vitality of rural areas’, and ‘promotion of community activities.’ It was also suggested that ‘improvement in spatial environment’ and ‘increase in vitality of rural areas’ have significantly positive effect on the quality of life for residents in rural areas while the former has relatively higher correlation. In comparison between comprehensive improvement of the seats of Eup and Myeon and regional unit comprehensive development projects, it was analyzed that all the perception factors of the comprehensive improvement of the seats of Eup and Myeon have effect on the quality of life for residents in rural areas indicating that comprehensive improvement of the seats of Eup and Myeon is more effective than regional unit comprehensive development projects in promoting the community activities. It means that existing rural development projects have been promoted to improve spatial environment rather than improving the quality of life for residents in rural areas. Thus, it is considered that the rural development projects in future should seek for a sense of community so that they can induce voluntary participation by local residents.

Humans are provided with a wide range of public benefits from ecosystems and agricultural ecosystems. But the establishment of the horticulture complex is a space that hampers the public ecosystem. Therefore, we have evaluated the creating landscape function of the horticulture complex and found improvement. A total of 20 landscape slides were used for the study. Korea-paddy field, Korea-vinyl greenhouse, Korea-glass greenhouse, Japan-vinyl greenhouse and Netherlands-glass greenhouse were selected as 4 slides. The evaluation used the AHP method and 10 adjectives Likert which compares 20 landscape slides. Four Korea-paddy fields were rated highly positive images. All 10 adjectives can be selected as representative images of production scenes. In most adjectives, four scenes of KVG1, KVG2, KVG3 and KVG4, which are the Korea-greenhouse scenes, were evaluated as negative images. Netherlands and Korea-glass greenhouse scenes and Japan-vinyl greenhouse scenes were generally positive images. In conclusion, it is confirmed that glass greenhouse scenery is higher than vinyl greenhouse scenery. And Japan and Netherlands scenery are higher and better than Korea. Therefore, JVG1 in Japan and NGG3 in the Netherlands were proposed to be set as landscape improvement targets.

전통민속식물지식이 빠르게 사라져 가는 상황에서 전통식물 지식에 대한 기초조사를 통한 기록이 매우 중요한 과제가 되었다. 민속식물학 조사에서 조사강도와 민속식물정보, 식물종 정보의 증가에 관련성은 가장 중요한 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 국 립수목원에서 발간된 자료를 이용하여 한반도 민속식물에 대한 메타 데이터를 DB화하여 분석하였다. 전통민속식물지식의 종 풍부도에 추정은 ACE, Chao1, Chao 2, ICE, Jack 1, Jack 2, Bootstrap 등의 추정식을 이용하여 제시하였다. 종누적곡선 분석에서 지역별 종누적이 다른 양상을 보여 강원도의 누적곡선 은 상대적 샘플링 노력이 더 필요하며 충남 지역의 경우 조사 강도에 비해 일찍 수평선에 점근하는 특성을 보여 이지역의 조사 강도가 실제 정보량의 증가에 비해 높았다. 식용, 약용, 공예용 등의 종풍부도는 남녀간의 지식이 분포가 차이가 있음을 확인 하였다. 주변환경의 식물상과 비교분석을 통해 일부 지역의 경우 민속식물조사가 상대적으로 조사량이 부족하고 추가 조사시 더 다양한 종이 발굴 될 것으로 예상된다.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the variables that lead consumers to visit traditional markets and buy market goods. Thus, the current research examined the relationship between satisfaction and return intention as among the factors influencing loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology – This study was conducted to examine the effects of the perceived level of factors on loyalty and how it influenced consumers’ visits to traditional markets in 125 adult adolescents and women living in Mok-po area. The results of the questionnaire were obtained. The statistical data of the questionnaire were verified by SPSS. Results – In this study, consumers' perception level of eight loyalty factors can be perceived by the traditional Korean market. The empirical analysis is summarized as follows. First, by selecting five representative variables influencing intention to return to traditional markets, Mok-po area consumers were affected by the intention to revisit according to the intensity of recognition level among these variables. Second, the higher the perceived level of product price, quality of access (accessibility) among the factors that consumers perceive as important factors in visiting traditional markets were heightened. Third, Mokpo residents are aware of the main important factors of visiting the market such as receiving a friendly atmosphere (image) about traditional market, market environment (hygiene and cleanliness), connection with the local economy, and customer service such as kindness, refund and return. These loyalty factors did not affect consumers' intention to revisit. In other words, image, environment, regional economic linkage, and these factors did not have a positive effect on revisit intention. Conclusions – The empirical analysis of this study suggests that factors that directly affect loyalty among the key factors that play a major role in visiting traditional markets should be identified and developed as loyalty factors. It is necessary to identify the key factors influencing the satisfaction and loyalty of traditional market users, and operate a system that systematically and comprehensively manages and evaluates them. In order to do this, the government, the local governments, and related organizations should regularly conduct loyalty and satisfaction surveys on visa recognition levels and establish strategies for dramatic improvement measures.

Characterization of spatio-temporal variations in PM2.5 in Gyeongnam (GN) province during 2015-2016 was investigated to assess the air quality in this area in terms of fine particles. Yearly mean concentrations of PM2.5 ranged from 19.1 to 29.5 μgm-3. High concentrations of PM2.5 were observed in spring (21.2-30.3 μgm-3) and winter (20.2-30.3 μgm-3). Low concentrations of PM2.5 were generally observed in fall (16.2-23.2 μgm-3). PM2.5 concentration was highest in the morning (10 AM). The fractions of PM2.5 in PM10 were 0.51-0.62 and two were significantly correlated (r=0.779-0.830), suggesting common sources (fossil fuel combustion, mobile sources, etc). CO was significantly correlated with PM2.5 in highly urbanized areas such as the city of Changwon (CW, r=0.711), compared to other air pollutants (SO2, NO2, and O3), suggesting dominance of industrial combustion sources.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of envrionmental factors on the ecological responses, yield, and quality properties and physicochemical characteristics of yacon cultivated in various regions of Korea. Experiments were carried out in eight regions from 2010 to 2013. The temperature range in Jinbu, Bonghwa, Cheolwon, and Gangneung during the growth period of yacon cultivation was 17.5-24.6°C. The total yield and marketable yield of tuberous root in Jinbu were 4,065 and 3,196 kg/10a, respectively. The sugar content of yacon tuberous roots comprised 0.11-0.20% fructose, 0.11-0.37% glucose, 0.39-0.68% sucrose, 0.07-0.37% reducing sugar, and 7.03-9.62% fructo-oligosaccharides. The content of fructo-oligosaccharides, which is a functional substance, was the highest in yacon cultivated in Jinbu. Based on the productivity and functional fructo-oligosaccharides, the optimum areas to cultivate yacon are Jinbu and Bonghwa, which are located in the middle-highland zone (500-560 m) and have a suitable growth temperature of 18-25°C. The results of the present study indicate that temperature could be the factor with the greatest influence on the root growth of yacon.

The purpose of this study is to quantify the magnitudes of projected 21st century temperature changes and shifting climate zones over Mt. Halla, Korea based on high-resolution (1km×1km) climate change scenario data sets down-scaled from a global climate model (HadGEM2-AO) simulations using PRIDE (PRISM based Downscaling Estimation Model) as well as the simulations of a Regional Climate Model (RCM; HadGEM3-RA). The high resolution climate data demonstrate that the magnitudes of increases in coldest and warmest monthly mean temperatures over Mt. Halla will exceed those of the averages across the Korean Peninsula during the 21st century, leading to the shifts of climate zones. The isoline with 5°C (20°C) of the coldest (warmest) monthly average temperature associated with sub-tropical (sub-alpine) climate zones will migrate from 100~230m (950~1,300m) to 300~500m (1,300~1,600m) of altitude in the late 21st century (2071~2100) under the RCP 4.5 scenario. These changes are expected to be more obviously observed in the south flank of Mt. Halla as well as under the RCP 8.5 scenario. These results indicate that changes in climate zones will lead to the extinction of sub-alpine ecosystems over Mt. Halla due to increases of summertime heat stress as well as to the expansion of the sub-tropical forest zone toward mid-mountain regions due to reduction of wintertime stress in the warmer 21st century.

Climate changes from global warming and reduction in agricultural land result in volatility of prices of agricultural products, causing a imbalance of food market in Korea. It is necessary to develop a transnational food industry cooperation system among Korea, China and Russia that directly or indirectly affect food industry in terms of the whole industrial network. This study analyzes the value chain and linkage in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries in three nations. The unit structure and the industrial patterns of three nations were derived using the World Input-output Table (WIOT) from 2004 to 2014 every five years. This paper is expected to contribute to develop food security cooperation in the northern part of the Korean peninsula and to promote the mutual growth of food industry through industry linkage and cooperation.