When an earthquake occurs, the severity of damage is determined by natural factors such as the magnitude of the earthquake, the epicenter distance, soil properties, and type of the structures in the affected area, as well as the socio-economic factors such as the population, disaster prevention measures, and economic power of the community. This study evaluated the direct economic loss due to building damage and the community’s recovery ability. Building damage was estimated using fragility functions due to the design earthquake by the seismic design code. The usage of the building was determined from the information in the building registrar. Direct economic loss was evaluated using the standard unit price and estimated building damage. The standard unit price was obtained from the Korean Real Estate Board. The community’s recovery capacity was calculated using nine indicators selected from regional statistical data. After appropriate normalization and factor analysis, the recovery ability score was calculated through relative evaluation with neighboring cities.

This study proposes a methodology for the regional seismic risk assessment of structural damage to buildings in Korea based on evaluating individual buildings, considering inconsistency between the administrative district border and grid lines to define seismic hazard. The accuracy of seismic hazards was enhanced by subdividing the current 2km-sized grids into ones with a smaller size. Considering the enhancement of the Korean seismic design code in 2005, existing seismic fragility functions for seismically designed buildings are revised by modifying the capacity spectrum according to the changes in seismic design load. A seismic risk index in building damage is defined using the total damaged floor area considering building size differences. The proposed seismic risk index was calculated for buildings in 29 administrative districts in 'A' city in Korea to validate the proposed assessment algorithm and risk index. In the validation procedure, sensitivity analysis was performed on the grid size, quantitative building damage measure, and seismic fragility function update.

지각판의 움직임은 오일러 극(Euler pole)을 중심으로 하는 회전운동으로 나타낼 수 있다. 우리는 먼저 지역적 지각판의 속도자료로부터 해당 판운동의 오일러 벡터를 근사적으로 결정하는 알고리즘을 다음과 같이 개발하였다; 1) 관측된 판속도자료로부터 평균 가상 오일러 극을 먼저 구하고, 2) 평균가상극과 관측지역의 중심을 통과하는 대원 위의 점들을 각각 극으로 설정하여, 3) 얻어지는 각 임시적 가상 모델의 판운동속도와 관측속도와의 차이의 제곱들의 합을 반복하여 구한 다음, 그 값이 최소가 되도록 보간법(interpolation)으로써 오일러 벡터를 결정함. 그런데 최근 우리는 이 와 근본적 개념은 같으나(최소제곱법), 제곱오차의 합의 편미분계수가 0이 되는 조건으로부터 곧바로 오일러 벡터를 결 정하는 알고리즘을 추가적으로 개발하였으며, 이 개선된 방법으로 판운동의 오일러 벡터를 보다 더 정확하게 산출하게 되었다. 한편 이 두 가지 방법을 최근 수년간의 한반도의 GPS 지각속도자료에 각각 적용하여 한반도 지각판의 오일러 벡터를 구하였으며, 얻어진 두 결과를 비교하였다.

This study used optical and scanning electron microscopy to analyze the surface oxidation phenomenon that accompanies a γ'-precipitate free zone in a directional solidified CM247LC high temperature creep specimen. Surface oxidation occurs on nickel-based superalloy gas turbine blades due to high temperature during use. Among the superalloy components, Al and Cr are greatly affected by diffusion and movement, and Al is a major component of the surface oxidation products. This out-diffusion of Al was accompanied by γ' (Ni3Al) deficiency in the matrix, and formed a γ'-precipitate free zone at the boundary of the surface oxide layer. Among the components of CM247LC, Cr and Al related to surface oxidation consist of 8 % and 5.6 %, respectively. When Al, the main component of the γ' precipitation phase, diffused out to the surface, a high content of Cr was observed in these PFZs. This is because the PFZ is made of a high Cr γ phase. Surface oxidation of DS CM247LC was observed in high temperature creep specimens, and γ'-rafting occurred due to stress applied to the creep specimens. However, the stress states applied to the grip and gauge length of the creep specimen were different, and accordingly, different γ'-rafting patterns were observed. Such surface oxidation and PFZ and γ'-rafting are shown to affect CM247LC creep lifetime. Mapping the microstructure and composition of major components such as Al and Cr and their role in surface oxidation, revealed in this study, will be utilized in the development of alloys to improve creep life.

본 연구는 강원도 강릉시에 위치한 하시동·안인사구 생태경관보전지역에서의 생태계서비스 평가와 증진방안 마련을 위하여 시행되었다. 연구방법으로 신속평가 도구를 이용한 생태계서비스 평가를 바탕으로 환경지속성지수 분석하였고, SWOT 분석 을 통하여 생태계서비스 증진방안을 마련하였다. 하시동·안인사구 생태경관보전지역의 생태계서비스 평가 결과를 바탕으로 분석한 환경지속성지수는 조절서비스, 문화서비스, 지지서비스 모두 50% 미만으로 낮게 평가되었다. 특히 문화서비스, 지지서 비스가 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 하시동·안인사구 생태경관보전지역의 생태계서비스 증진 방안을 마련하기 위하여 SWOT 분석을 시행하였다. 강점을 기회로 활용(SO전략), 강점을 이용한 위협요인 최소화(ST전략), 강점을 보완하기 위하여 기회를 활용(WO전략), 약점을 보완하고 위협을 최소화(WT전략)하는 생태계서비스 증진방안 6가지를 도출 하였다. 향후 하시동·안인사구 생태경관보전지역에서 생태계서비스 증진사업을 추진할 때 현재 훼손된 지역의 복원과 향후 침식 등으로 인한 피해 방지 등 제시한 문제를 극복하고 이를 통하여 생태계서비스를 증진시켜 하시동·안인사구 생태경관보전 지역의 가치를 높일 필요가 있다.

본 연구에서는 지역 영역 기상 수치 예보 모델의 여러 수평 영역 및 수평 해상도에 따른 이상적인 열대저기압 의 진로와 베타자이어의 민감도를 조사하였다. 모델의 이상적인 초기 조건은 경험적인 함수로 생성된 3차원 축대칭 모 조 소용돌이와 허리케인 활동 시기의 평균 대기 조건으로 구성된다. 이때 모델 설정에 따른 이상적인 열대저기압의 변 화를 분석하기 위하여 배경 흐름은 제거되었다. 수치 모델의 수평 영역 및 수평 해상도에 따른 이상적인 열대저기압의 민감도 실험을 수행하기 위해, 지역 영역 수치 모델로서 W RF (Weather Research a nd F orecasting) 모델을 사용하였다. 모의된 열대저기압의 바람장으로부터 베타자이어를 추출하기 위해, DFS (Double-Fourier Series) 국지 영역 고차 필터 를 사용하였다. 모델의 수평 영역의 크기가 감소할수록 베타자이어의 구조와 강도가 약해졌으며, 이는 열대저기압 진로 의 차이를 발생시켰다. 수평 영역의 크기를 본 연구의 실험에서 가장 작은 영역인 3,000 km3,000 km로 설정하였을 경 우에 베타자이어 통풍류의 서진 성분이 크게 감소하였으며, 수평 영역을 더 넓게 설정한 실험들에 비해 열대저기압의 진로가 동쪽으로 편향되었다. 본 결과는 열대저기압과 관련된 바람장 전체를 포함하지 못할 정도로 매우 작은 수평 영 역을 사용할 경우, 열대저기압의 진로가 적절히 모의 될 수 없음을 시사한다. 반면, 5,000 km5,000 km와 6,000 km 6,000 km의 수평 영역에서는 그 민감도가 매우 작게 나타났다. 수평 해상도가 감소할수록 이상적인 열대저기압의 진 로는 매우 서쪽으로 편향되었다. 베타자이어의 크기와 강도도 수평 해상도가 감소할수록 크고 더 강하게 나타났다.

This study was conducted on four types of laver soup prepared using recipes from Gangwon-do (GW), Gyeongsangnamdo (GN), Jeollanam-do (JN), and the media (MD). Salinities, soluble solids, free amino acids, color values, turbidities, and pH values of soups were measured, and sensory evaluations were done. pH values were significantly higher for GW and GN recipes than the JN and MD recipes (p<0.05). The salinities of JN and MD were significantly higher than those of the other soups (p<0.05). Regarding soluble solids, JN had the highest at 2.64oBrix, whereas GW had the lowest at 0.86 °Brix (p<0.05). GW and JN had higher concentrations of valine, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid (p<0.05). JN had significantly higher redness (a) than the other soups but significantly lower lightness (L) and yellowness (b) (p<0.05). Regarding transmittance, GW had a significantly higher value (67.67%T) than the other soups. JN and MD had higher acceptability results than GW or GN in terms of flavor, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability. Sensory intensity evaluations revealed that JN and MD had higher “soy sauce aroma” and “saltiness” and a greater “broth turbidity” than the other soups. These results indicate that the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of regional laver soups differ.

This study was a qualitative investigation into the food security and food variety among the rural elderly. For the qualitative data collection, nineteen elderly people who lived in Yangpyeong-gun were interviewed individually. Food security and variety was evaluated based on accessibility and affordability. The participants seemed to have difficulty preparing their own meals and eating with their families or others. The frequency of vegetable intake was found to be high, as vegetables were available through cultivation. However, in terms of diversity, the intake of meat and milk, which are sources of protein and calcium, was found to be significantly low. This has to do with very poor physical accessibility. A lack of nutrition education was identified as the biggest reason for not following dietary therapy despite having a pre-existing disease condition. Therefore, for the elderly in Yangpyeong-gun, it is suggested that a basic nutrition policy for food supply that can increase their actual intake is more essential than education on cooking and nutrients. Moreover, periodic nutrition education or a regular counseling system for dietary therapy through local public health centers may help improve the health of the elderly.

Before the 15th century, the main buildings of the residences of the ruling class in Seoul consisted of Momchae(身梗), Seocheong(西廳), and Naeru(內樓)‧Chimru(寢樓). Based on the equality of the relationship between husband and wife, the couple lived in the main building[Momchae] in the center of the mansion, but based on the individuality of the relationship between husband and wife, each had an area consisting of the same section within the building. Naeru‧Chimru was the two floors bedroom building became a common living space for the minister and wife, upstairs in summer, downstairs in winter. In preparation for large gatherings and important receptions, an open-structured West Hall(西廳) was located on the west side of the mansion. Momchae, Seocheong, and Naeru‧Chimru were the common building types and layouts of the residences of the highest ruling class, including high-ranking officials, until the reign of King Sejong. However, from around the time of King Seongjong, Seocheong and Chimru came to be regarded as privileged and luxurious buildings only allowed for the grand prince's residence. The layout of the bedroom, main building (including Wings), Outer Sarang[外舍廊], and Joyangru[朝陽樓] of Prince Bongrim's mansion built in the first half of the 17th century clearly shows the transitional period when the arrangement of chimru, main building, and western office was disrupted and the layout changed to the Inner main building(Anchae for wife) and Outer main building(Sarangchae for husband).