본 연구에서는 목회자의 리더십의 역할에 대해 교회 사회복지 관점에서 조명하고자 하였으며 구 체적으로 목회자의 사회복지인식이 교회 사회복지 활성화에 미치는 영향에서 리더십의 조절효과 여부를 검증하고자 하였다. 독립변수가 종속변수에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대한 관련 요인을 목회자의 사회복지인식이 교회사회복지 활성화에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 목회자의 리더십이 사회복지인식과 교회 사회복 지 활성화의 관계에서 조절효과를 검증하고, 교회 사회복지 활성화를 위한 목회자와 교회의 역할 을 제시하여 교회사회복지의 활성화에 미치는 영향을 제언하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 수행하기 위해 서울 경기지역의 350명의 목회자에게 설문을 배부하였고, 회 수된 212부의 설문지를 코딩하였고, 본 연구가설에 대하여 과학적이고 객관적으로 검증하기 위하 여 통계패키지(SPSS for windows 18.0)로 분석을 실시하였다. 이는 사회복지인식이 교회 사회복지 활성화에 미치는 영향관계에서 변혁적 리더십이 정의관계인 조절효과가 유의미한 것을 의미한다. 즉, 변혁적 리더십이 높은 목회자 집단 일수록 교회 사회복 지 활성화에 미치는 영향을 주며, 목회자의 교회 사회복지인식이 높을수록 교회 사회복지 활성화 가 증가하는 영향관계의 정도가 더욱 향상되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

반도체 공정에서 에칭공정은 실리콘 기판위에 패턴된 절연층을 식각하는 공정으로 분진과 미반응 가스를 배출하며, 다량의 질소와 혼합되어 실질적으로 수 ppm으로 배출되어, 주로 Scrubber를 통하여 후처리가 수행되고 있으나, 처리효율이 저하되는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 막분리 공정을 통하여 질소와 PFCs를 분리회수하는 통합시스템을 개발하여, PFCs 가스 분리,회수에 대한 평가를 수행하였으며, 회수율 95%, 농축비 1을 나타내었다.

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) detected frequently in the indoor air of child-care centers causes neurological disorders, lung, eyes, and bronchial irritation, and acute and chronic toxicity. In this study, the distributions of carcinogenic VOCs detected in child-care centers were characterized and a health risk assessment of the VOCs was performed, which can provide the necessary information for drawing up safety plans with respect to the concerned materials. The sampling of sites in day-care centers was undertaken two times: in the morning (10:00~12:00), and afternoon(16:00~20:00)-at 23 daycare centers located in Seoul, Korea from April, 2012 to July, 2012. The overall average concentrations of individual VOCs were benzene(1.61 μg/m3) > carbon tetrachloride (0.78 μg/m3) > chloroform(0.67 μg/m3) in order. Indoor/outdoor(I/O) ratios of benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform were 1.33, 1.09, 1.72, respectively. Benzene and carbon tetrachloride are thought to be more strongly associated with outdoor sources as compared to chloroform. Spearman correlation of benzene, carbon tetrachloride between indoor and outdoor concentration showed statistically significant levels(p < 0.05). The linear correlations for benzene, styrene, and carbon tetrachloride were tested. A significant correlation was observed only for carbon tetrachloride, accounting for 83 % of the variance. The risk assessment of the carcinogenic VOCs for teachers, infants, and children showed that none of the targeted VOCs posed a serious risk.

This study investigated factors affecting the behavior hurdles by six male high school student athletes and six average high school students using the ground reaction force and video analysis equipment. The conclusions by comparative analysis of kinematic and kinetic elements for stable operation of the high school men's hurdles to help effective guidance are as follows. 1. The analysis of Kinematics. First, required time of the athlete by all each section in the duration from ground of the stamping foot to stamping of landing foot appeared to be shorter than average students. Second, variation of height in variable distance from the center of the body changes the height of the cloud initiative is high ground and not out in the player. After that, the highest score of body-centered rather was recorded by general student. However, athlete showed higher score again in landing and stamping by landing foot. Third, athlete showed higher sway velocities in all section at variable speed. General students showed higher landing speed at the landing position. Fourth, athlete maintains the leaning forward upper body position at the stamping and landing situation. Especially in the highest score in body-centered, athlete showed over 20 degree than general students. Fifth, Athlete showed faster angular view than general student in all section. 2. The analysis of kinetic variable First, the athlete exerts rear position in the variation of before and after ground reaction force of stamping foot. In contrast, general student exerts front position. Second, Fx, Fy, Fz of the resultant change in the maximum measurement of R (max) values in the ground reaction force of stamping foot showed much stronger stamping food force in athletes than in the general student. Third, athlete and general student exerts outside and inside direction, respectively, at the variation of ground reaction force from landing and stamping position. Forth, athlete recorded higher than 1.5 time than general student at the variation of combined force of Fx, Fy, and Fz of ground reaction force of laning foot. In conclusion, the instruction of raising stamping foot to the forward direction to lean the upper body in the forward is needed for the general student to natural hurdle action. At that time, undisturbed balance at the center body must be maintained by both arms and flexibility training should be concurrent for forward dirction attention. General student should practice to roll shortly and strongly when they are stamping. In order to instruct the student proper posture through the hurdles classes, the exercises for basic strength and flexibility should be conducted simultaneously. Also, the instruction will be effective, if let the students practice the hurdle motion with understanding of principle of the body for jump.

The distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) and its variability in Chunsu Bay were studied. Monthly hydrographic survey and realtime monitoring for water quality conditions were carried out in study area. Vertical distribution of DO shows the formation of hypoxia in the bottom water in the vicinity of the artificial dyke and net cage aquaculture site in summer. Annual mean of DO was 8.4 mg/l, with minimum monthly mean of 6.9 mg/l in July and maximum of 11.2 mg/l in March. Temporal variation of DO at bottom water around the net cage aquaculture site shows pronounced oscillatory characteristics with range of 0.5~7.0 mg/l. Coherency analyses between the tidal range and DO concentration shows that variation of DO is significantly coherent with tidal range at semi-diurnal period with 1~3.5 hours phase-lags. A simple DO budget model was set up to account for the formation of the extreme hypoxic conditions in Chunsu Bay. The governing equation is based on the mass-balance for kinetic process with simplified parameter of source and sink terms of DO. the source term is represented by replenishment through the vertical and horizontal diffusion and mixing. the sink terms comprise function of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD). The result of numerical solution indicates the dominant role of SOD as the overriding factor against the oxygen supply.

The children of daycare center are sensitive to indoor environmental pollution. This study was a preliminary investigation for improving the environmental and healthy quality of daycare centers. The sampling of sites in daycare centers was undertaken three times such as day-morning (10:00-12:00), afternoon (16:00-20:00), following dawn (04:00-08:00)-at 21 daycare centers located in Seoul, Korea from April, 2012 to July, 2012. The mean concentrations of TVOC were 255.2, 217.0, and 439.4 μg/m3 at morning, afternoon, and following dawn, respectively. The daycare center indoor/outdoor ratios on the most targeted volatile organic compounds were above 1.0 except that for carbon tetrachloride, which was almost 1.0. Significant correlations (p<0.01) were observed between indoor and outdoor carbon tetrachloride, which implies that indoor carbon tetrachloride could be largely accounted for by outdoor sources. The other targeted indoor volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, xylenes, chloroform showed no significant correlations with that of outdoor.

유전자변형생물체(Living Modified Organisms, LMO)는 인류가 직면하고 있는 식량, 의료, 환경, 에너지부족 등 각종 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 점점 더 다양한 유전자와 특성을 지니도록 연구개발 되고 있다. LMO연구와 상업화가 급속하게 증가하면서 국제적으로 LMO가 인체 및 환경에 잠재적으로 미칠 수 있는 부정적인 영향을 사전에 예방하기 위하여 바이오안전성의정서(Biosafety Protocol)가 채택․ 발효되었고 국내에서도 의정서 이행을 위하여 제정한 ｢유전자변형생물체의 국가 간 이동 등에 관한 법률(이하 LMO법)｣이 발효되었다. 동 법률에 따라 연구실에서 이용되는 유전자변형생물체의(시험‧연구용 LMO) 수출입 및 연구 안전관리는 미래창조과학부에서 관장하고 있다. 미래창조과학부는 시험․연구용 LMO의 안전한 연구환경 조성과 LMO 안전관리에 대한 국민의 신뢰확보를 통한 생명공학 연구 활성화를 정책목표로 하고, 5년 단위의 제2차 시험․연구용 LMO 안전관리계획 (‘13-’17)을 수립‧시행하고 있다. 본 안전관리계획은 LMO연구시설 안전점검 및 자율안전관리기반 확충 등 LMO 연구시설의 안전성 확보, LMO안전관리교육의 전문화‧다양화와 홍보 및 정보교류 활성화 등 LMO 안전문화 확산, 신규 LMO 연구개발 전망에 따라 LMO 안전성 평가기술 개발전략 수립․추진 등 LMO 위해관리 인프라확충을 통한 역량강화, LMO법 시행 후 연구현장과 수출입‧ 생산 ‧ 유통현장의 애로사항 및 문제점을 지속적으로 발굴하여 LMO 법･제도 정비라는 4개의 중점 추진과제로 구성되어 있으며, 이러한 중․장기 계획을 바탕으로 시험‧연구용 LMO안전관리사업을(한국생명공학연구원 LMO연구안전센터 수행) 시행하고 있다.

In this technology, To improves the performance of deflection of the slab reduces floor impact noise in downstairs without structural work in vulnerable to floor impact noise in Aged Apartment Houses. The finite element analysis results showed the performance improvement of slab when compared with the existing technologies and Predict the result of the excellent affordability and constructability.

This study is an analysis about BOD ,COD, SS, T-N, T-P of 4Stage-BNR, MLE + CS(Coagulating Sedimentation) , Bio-SAC BNR method of construction for 3 largest sewage treatment plants among 12 sewage treatment plants in lncheon. The purpose of this study is improving the operational effectiveness for lncheon sewage treatment plant by introducing the optimized method for quality of the discharged water.

본 연구에서는 산업부산물인 폐 EPDM을 50mesh 이하로 제조한 미세분말 형태의 R-EPDM(Recycling EPDM)을 주성분으로 아스팔트와 안정성을 높이기 위한 첨가제인 분산제와 유화제 및 폴리머 계통의 유동성 향상제를 혼합한 R-EPDM 개질아스팔트 혼합물의 실내 물성 평가를 수행하였다. R-EPDM 개질아스팔트 바인더의 특성을 파악하기 위해 슈퍼패이브 시험법을 이용하여 바인더의 PG(Performance Grade)등급을 분류하였으며, 선회다짐기를 사용한 R-EPDM 개질아스팔트 혼합물의 배합설계를 통하여 최적아스팔트(OAC) 함량을 결정하였다. OAC로 제작된 R-EPDM 개질아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 및 동결융해 저항성을 평가하기 위하여 반복주행시험과 수분민감성시험을 수행하였으며, R-EPDM 개질아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 및 수분민감성에 대한 저항성이 일반아스팔트(AP-5) 혼합물보다 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

아이폰으로 대표되는 각종 스마트폰의 출시로 게임 시장은 신규 플랫폼을 위한 새로운 게임 제어 방식을 원하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 카메라에 근접한 얼굴 및 손의 회전 각도를 인식하는 기술을 이용하여 게임 컨트롤의 새로운 입 력 방식으로 사용 하는 방법을 제안한다. 일반 카메라로부터 입력 받은 영상에서 피부 색상으로 얼굴 영역을 추출하 고 타원정합(ellipse fitting)을 사용하여 얼굴과 손 영역의 회전각을 추정한다. 제안된 기술은 얼굴이나 손의 일부가 화 면 밖으로 나가더라도 추적이 지속되고, 사용자의 작은 움직임으로도 게임 플레이가 가능하기 때문에 카메라가 장착 된 스마트폰과 PC 등에 적용이 가능하다.

본 연구는 바이오기업의 외부 네트워크 전략을 공동연구 협력, 제조/마케팅/판매 제휴, 자금지원, M&A 등 4가지로 구분하고, 이와 같은 바이오기업의 외부 네트워크 전략이 기업의 성과에 미친 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 미국 바이오기업 패널자료를 사용하여 분석한다. 첫째, 기술개발 이후의 제조/판매/마케팅 제휴는 단기간에도 모든 기업성과를 증진시키는 역할을 하였다. 둘째, 기술개발단계에서의 연구개발협력 중 제약회사와의 협력은 1~2년 이후의 기업성과에, 그리고 타 바이오기업과의 연구개발협력은 2년 이후의 기업성과에 정의 효과를 가져왔다. 셋째, 가장 장기적이며 기초연구에 주목적을 두고 있는 공공기관 및 대학과의 공동연구 협력은 단기적인 기업성과에 부정적으로 작용하여, 향후 2~3년이 아닌 보다 장기적인 관점에서 재조명되어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증분석 결과는 국내 바이오산업의 발전을 위하여 외부 네트워크 전략을 통하여 기술혁신을 경주하는 노력이 필요하며, 또한 주로 기초기술에 집중된 공공기관과 대학과의 공동연구를 지원하는 정책적 고려가 필요함을 시사한다.

when adopting and implementing GHS system in Korea and to draft the revision proposal for Industrial Safety and Health Act taking into account of unique domestic situation. The research method is to conduct a survey for 2 month period from early April to late May in 2006 to 830 randomly selected chemical manufacturing, importing and exporting, and consumption companies out of all the companies surveyed by the Ministry of Labor under 2004 Work Environment Status National Survey. A total of 610 survey was collected and analyzed. The results of this thesis is summarized as follows , First, based on the survey analysis it is vital to conduct a national PR using pamphlet, internet, and daily newspaper and to provide technical assistance such as training expert and publishing GHS manual by expert organization such as Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) for early settlement of GHS in Korea. Second, it is also needed to give a grace period of 1 to 2 years to minimize the dramatic impact for industry, to encourage the establishment of the GHS team utilizing safety managers within companies, and to develop and distribute the standard GHS software by government. Third, taking into account of difficult situation of small companies, KOSHA needs to provide a full technical and financial support for companies with less than 100 employees and especially for chemical manufacturing companies. Fourth, it is also needed to operate an Interministrial GHS Committee (IGC) involving 7 related ministries for smooth GHS implementation and to develop an infra by sharing responsibilities among related ministries and establishing internationally recognized organization for hazard classification, labelling, and MSDS.

The purpose of this study is to identify hazardous physical factors and chemical air pollutants in conservation museum in order to protect the cultural heritage. For this, we collected and re-analyzed the articles that were published from 2006 to 2007 by National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage for temperature, relative humidity and the level of pollutants (PM₁₀, CO₂, HCHO, CO, NO₂, Rn, TVOCs, O₃, SO₂) in exhibition hall and storage in museum. The pooled average level of temperature at exhibition hall and storage in museum was 23.5±1.4℃ and 20.6±1.1℃, respectively. The range of temperature variation was 5.4℃ for exhibition hall and 4.5℃ for storage. The pooled average concentration of TVOCs in exhibition hall and storage in museum was 493.6±125.6㎍/m³ and 788.9±157.5㎍/m³, respectively. These exceeded 400㎍/ m³ which is the guideline of national law for the Korean Ministry of Public Administration and Security (KMOPAS). Other surveyed pollutants were as per the guidelines of the national law for the Korean Ministry of Environment (KMOE) and the KMOPAS. Through the consideration of the physical and chemical properties and the result of meta-analysis for thermal environment and surveyed temperature, humidity, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, TVOCs, and HCHO were the identified hazardous physical factors and chemical pollutants at exhibition halls and storages in museum.

ZnO thin film was grown on a sapphire single crystal substrate by plasma assisted molecular beamepitaxy. In addition to near band edge (NBE) emissions, both blue and green luminescences are also observedtogether. The PL intensity of the blue luminescence (BL) range from 2.7 to 2.9eV increased as the amountof activated oxygen increased, but green luminescence (GL) was weakly observed at about 2.4eV without muchchange in intensity. This result is quite unlike previous studies in which BL and GL were regarded as thetransition between shallow donor levels such as oxygen vacancy and interstitial zinc. Based on the transitionlevel and formation energy of the ZnO intrinsic defects predicted through the first principle calculation, whichemploys density functional approximation (DFA) revised by local density approximation (LDA) and the LDA+Uapproach, the green and blue luminescence are nearly coincident with the transition from the conduction bandto zinc vacancies of V2-Zn and V-Zn, respectively.

This study was surveyed to evaluate and recognize the distribution characteristics of indoor air pollutants(IAPs) such as the total volatile organic compounds(VOCs), formaldehyde(HCHO), PM10, carbon dioxide(CO2), nitrogen dioxide(NO2), ozone(O3) and radon in 10 elementary schools located in urban, rural, and industrial complex area from November 2005 to February 2006. The average concentration of IAPs were 117.9㎍/㎥ as in PM10, 1,971ppm as in CO2, 486.6㎍/㎥ as in TVOC. These chemical's concentration was exceeded the indoor air standards of the Department of Education in Korea. The indoor concentrations of ozone and toluene was lower than that of outdoor and other pollutants showed the opposite tendency. In schools located industrial complex area, the outdoor concentration of TVOC was higher than that of urban and rural area. Based on the results above, PM10, CO2, TVOC have to be in the order of priority to improve the indoor environment in school. Also it should be performed in the detailed survey considered by the seasonal variation because this study showed cross-sectional results.

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of asbestos distribution in 6 public and 6 school buildings from August to September in 2006. The bulk samples were analysed by PLM(polarized light microscope). Also the airborne samples were analysed PCM(phase contrast microscope) and confirmed by SEM-EDX(scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive using X-ray analysis) method. The 6 public buildings included the ACM(asbestos containing material) ranged 2-7 % of chrysotile in 70 % of samples from ceiling, floor tile, and wall board and has 20 % tremolite in 2 ceiling plaster. The 6 school buildings were identified 1.5 % tremolite in one sample and showed the similar asbestos distribution with the public building. The airborne concentrations of fiber materials were ranged with 0.000-0.017 f/cc in public places and 0.000-0.012 f/cc in school building by PCM. However, the asbestos fibers could not be found by SEM-EDX. In the result of physical assessment of ACM in each buildings, it is considered that there is no chance of a hazardous situation because the ACM is not friable. Its suggested that the asbestos control plan should be established to prevent asbestos exposure to occupants from damaged ACM by repairing and custodial work.