According to the statistics of KMST (2010~2019), 68.5% of marine casualties have been occurred in fishing boats in the last 10 years. Although the incidence rate of annual average per ship is 10.4% for merchant ships and 2.3% for fishing boats, it is necessary to first reduce the marine casualties of fishing boats in order to reduce the occurrence of the whole marine casualty, considering that the number of registered fishing boats are 86.5% of the total. In this study, the top 10 fishing types with high occurring marine casualties in the past 10 years were selected using the statistics of KMST. Then, the causes of the marine casualties, focusing on the collision, were analyzed and counterplan were suggested. The biggest marine casualty that the top 10 fishing types have caused in the past 10 years was a collision, accounting for 71.7% of the total, and the rest were less than 10.0% each. Also, it was found that the biggest environment and cause of the collision were due to human factors such as poor look out or negligence of duty. Eventually, it was concluded that a reduction in the human factors for the causes basically, could lower the incidence of the marine casualties. Therefore, if the continuous and systematic correcting education of the attitude toward the ship operating of seafarers could conducted with the focus on the main human factors, the whole marine casualties will be expected to decrease gradually.

To accurately determine the resection margin for maxillary cancer, it is important to closely examine the extent of tumor infiltration into the maxilla, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, palate, and surrounding tissues. Various methods have been described for the resection of maxillary tumors, such as alveolectomy, partial maxillectomy, subtotal maxillectomy, total maxillectomy, and extended maxillectomy. The objective of this study was to introduce external carotid artery (ECA) ligation on the ipsilateral side, a perioperative bleeding control method with fewer complications. Incidence of major bleeding during maxillectomy is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. Cases of temporary bleeding from an internal maxillary artery or other sites can be stopped, packed, and compressed. However, bleeding control is eventually achieved by ligation of the ECA or selective embolization. Herein, we report the case of a 60-year-old male with squamous cell carcinoma of the right maxilla, which was eventually treated with subtotal maxillectomy along with an elective ECA ligation for intraoperative bleeding control. The procedure produced no preoperative or postoperative bleeding. ECA ligation is a simple, effective, safe, and (at the operator’s discretion) recommended method of perioperative bleeding control during maxillectomy.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the level of the light-environment and the driver's visual ability on the change in the driver's perception of a forward curved section at night. The study also aims to identify factors that should be considered to ensure safety while entering curved sections of a road at night. METHODS : Data collected from a virtual driving experiment, conducted by the Korean Institute of Construction Technology (2017), were used. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the effects of changes in the light-environment factors (road surface luminance and glare) and the driver’s visual ability on a driver's perception of the road. Additionally, analysis of the moderated effect of visual ability on light-environment factors indicated that the difference in drivers’ visual abilities impact the influence of light-environment factors on their perception. A driver's ability to perceive, as a response variable, was categorized into 'failure' and 'success' by comparing the perceived distance and minimum reaction sight distance. Covariates were also defined. Road surface luminance levels were categorized into 'unlit road surface luminance' (luminance ≤ 0.1 nt) and 'lit road surface luminance' (luminance > 0.1 nt), based on 0.1 nt, which is the typical level observed on unlit roads. The glare level was categorized as 'with glare' and 'without glare' based on whether the glare was from a high-beam caused by an oncoming vehicle or not. The driver's visual ability level was categorized into 'low visual ability' (age ≥ 50) and 'high visual ability' (age ≤ 49), considering that after the age of 50, the drive’s visual ability sharply declines. RESULTS : The level of road surface luminance, glare, and driver's visual ability were analyzed to be significant factors that impact the driver's ability to perceive curved road sections at night. A driver's perception was found to reduce when the road surface luminance is very low, owing to the lack of road lighting ('unlit road luminance'), when glare is caused by oncoming vehicles ('with glare'), and if the driver's visual ability level is low owing to an older age ('low visual ability'). The driver's ability to perceive a curved section is most affected by the road surface luminance level. The effect is reduced in the order of glare occurrence and the driver's visual ability level. The visual ability was analyzed as a factor that impacts the intensity of the effect of change of the light-environment on the change of the driver's ability to perceive the road. The ability to perceive a curved section deteriorates significantly in 'low visual ability' drivers, aged 50 and above, compared to drivers with 'high visual ability,' under the age of 49, when the light-environment conditions are adverse with regard to the driver’s perception (road surface luminance: 'lit road surface luminance'→'unlit road surface luminance,' glare: 'without glare'→'with glare'). CONCLUSIONS : Supplementation, in terms of road lighting standards that can lead to improvements in the level of light-environment, should be considered first, rather than the implementation of restrictions on the right of movement, such as restricting the passage of low visual ability or aging drivers who are disadvantageous in terms of gaining good perception of the road at night. When establishing alternatives so that safety on roads at night is improved, it is necessary to consider improving drivers' perception by expanding road lighting installation. The road lighting criteria should be modified such that the glare caused by oncoming traffic, which is an influential factor in the linear change in perception, and the level of light-environment thereof are improved.

본 연구에서는 UAV를 활용한 사진측량에서 지상 기준점 배치에 따른 정확도 분석을 수행하였다. 연구대상지역에 17개의 지상 기준점과 13개의 검사점을 설치하고 5가지 유형의 배치 형태를 만들었으며 검사점을 이용한 항공삼각측량의 성과분석과 산출물인 정사영상의 정량적, 정성적 분석 및 DSM을 이용한 공간분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 지상기준점 배치 시에는 삼각망 형태의 평면상의 배치형태도 중요하지만, 지형의 기복에 따른 지점의 높이 값을 고려하여 배치해야함을 확인하였다. 즉, 측량 대상 지역의 전체적인 평면상의 배치와 함께, 높이 값을 고려하여 지상기준점을 배치해야 더 높은 정확도를 확보할 수 있다.

건축 및 토목 구조물의 대표 재료인 콘크리트의 핵심지표인 구조 성능을 개선하기 위해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 아울러 구조물의 크기가 커질수록 강도가 높은 고기능 콘크리트의 필요성이 높아지고 있으며, 특히 내구성과 내후성이 우수한 콘크리트 재료의 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 강섬유와 함께 파라-아라미드 원사를 이용하여 피복 및 꼬임, 원사 데니어 및 섬유 길이에 대한 차별화된 원사가공을 적용한 복합재료인 슈퍼섬유를 콘크리트에 혼입하여 구조적인 성능을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 최적화된 슈퍼 섬유로 보강된 슈퍼 콘크리트는 도로, 교량, 상수도 및 하수도 등 기존 SOC 의 수리 및 보강에 적용될 유망한 성장 기술 분야가 될 것으로 예상된다.

Because the inner environment of greenhouse has a direct impact on crop production, many studies have been performed to develop technologies for controlling the environment in the greenhouse. However, it is difficult to apply the technology developed to all greenhouses because those studies were conducted through empirical experiments in specific greenhouses. It takes a lot of time and cost to develop the models that can be applicable to all greenhouse in real situation. Therefore studies are underway to solve this problem using computer-based simulation techniques. In this study, a model was developed to predict the inner environment of glass greenhouse using CFD simulation method. The developed model was validated using primary and secondary heating experiment and daytime greenhouse inner temperature data. As a result of comparing the measured and predicted value, the mean temperature and uniformity were 2.62°C and 2.92%p higher in the predicted value, respectively. R2 was 0.9628, confirming that the measured and the predicted values showed similar tendency. In the future, the model needs to improve by applying the shape of the greenhouse and the position of the inner heat exchanger for efficient thermal energy management of the greenhouse.

This study was conducted to provide a basis for raising farm income by increasing the yield and extending the cultivation period by creating an environment where crops can be cultivated normally during high temperatures in summer. The maximum cooling load of the multi-span greenhouse with a floor area of 504 m2 was found to be 462,609 W, and keeping the greenhouse under 32°C without shading the greenhouse at a high temperature, it was necessary to fog spray 471.6 L of water per hour. The automatic fog cooling control device was developed to effectively control the fog device, the flow fan, and the light blocking device constituting the fog cooling system. The fog cooling system showed that the temperature of the greenhouse could be lowered by 6°C than the outside temperature. The relative humidity of the fog-cooled greenhouse was 40-80% during the day, about 20% higher than that of the control greenhouse, and this increase in relative humidity contributed to the growth of cucumbers. The relative humidity of the fog cooling greenhouse during the day was 40-80%, which was about 20% higher than that of the control greenhouse, and this increase in relative humidity contributed to the growth of cucumbers. The yield of cucumbers in the fog-cooled greenhouse was 1.8 times higher in the single-span greenhouse and two times higher in the multi-span greenhouse compared to the control greenhouse.

본 연구는 현재까지 이루어진 시민교육을 사회철학적으로 분석하고, 그 문제를 찾아 해체한 후, 새로 운 패러다임으로서 안드라고지에 적용하여 정립함을 그 목적으로 하였다. 또한 안드라고지로서 시민교육 이 적용될 미래 공동체를 공락체로 규정하여 그 내용을 제시하였다. 우리의 시민교육은 가능성과 한계성 이라는 양면성을 동시에 보인다. 여기서 한계성이 발생하는 이유는 페다고지식 시민교육에 기인한다. 페 다고지식 시민교육은 내면화와 체득화를 간과하고, 텍스트의 인지만을 시민교육의 핵심으로 간주하였다. 시민교육은 내용적 우선순위에서 다른 교과에 밀리고, 연령적으로 어린이를 위한 교육이라고 개념화되어 상대적으로 어른들에게는 어색한 상황을 만들었다. 이를 극복하기 위해서는 인간 삶을 위한 교육의 원형 인 안드라고지가 필요하다. 안드라고지는 인간의 배움을 근간으로 구성된 교육 패러다임이다. 안드라고지 로서 시민교육은 연령이나 기관에 구애받지 않는 사회 구성원으로서 모든 이를 위한 교육이다 안드라고지 로서 시민교육이 추구하는 미래 공동체는 민주주의가 아닌 공락체여야 한다. 공락체는 공동체의 구성원 모두의 안녕과 행복을 추구한다. 공락체를 위한 시민교육은 자율성과 진정성, 그리고 적극성을 함양할 수 있는 배움이어야 한다. 공락체를 위한 안드라고지로서 시민교육은 미래를 위한 열쇠이자 우리 교육의 희 망이다.