본 연구는 전 세계적으로 심화되고 있는 갯녹음의 발생 현황과 아열대 및 열대해역에서 우점하는 산호류의 심각한 산호백화 현상의 분포 정도를 파악하였다. 갯녹음이 발생하는 원인은 물리적, 화학적 및 생물학적 원인으로 나눌 수 있으며, 매우 다양한 원인에 의해 갯녹음이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 국내에서 발생한 갯녹음은 점점 증가하고 있으며,실제 진행 중인 면적은 이보다 훨씬 많을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 산호백화 현상은 전 세계 연안에 걸쳐 발생하고 고 있으며..

본 연구에서는 PEN 수지 안전관리를 위하여 HPLC-UV검출기를 이용한 2,6-NDC 및 2,6-NDA 분석법을 확립하였다. 분석법 검증 결과, 2,6-NDC 및 2,6-NDA 모두 0.002μg/mL 검출한계, 0.005 μg/mL 정량한계 및 0.05~1 μg/mL의 농도 범위에서 r2= 0.999 이상의 직선성을 확인할 수있었다. 또한 회수율도 90~110%임을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study is to consider the introduction of the standard practice which test the asbestos stabilizer efficiency for the spray-applied ACBM, because asbestos stabilizer may be one of operation & management (O&M) program to prevent friable asbestos from spray-applied asbestos containing building materials( ACBM) and some countries like U.S and Japan have introduced the evaluation system or standard practice to test the efficiency of asbestos stabilizer which is used for spray-applied ACBM since 2002 and 2006, relatively. Efficiency test of 8 stabilizers which were manufactured from Japan, Australia and Korea was performed by the method of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan. The contents of test method were consisted adhesive strength, penetration depth, impact resistance and wind affection. The efficiency of impact resistance and wind affection was improved 4.1～37.4% and 75.2～95.7% after asbestos stabilizer applied on the spray-applied ACBM. Although the results of adhesive strength were less than that of non-applied materials but that was satisfied the ASTM standard (2.4kPa).

This study was performed to evaluate the type and concentration of TVOC and formaldehyde emitted from asbestos stabilizers, because the stabilizers can be applied on the surface of asbestos contained building materials(ACBM). The emission test of three organic and synthetic resins(OSBS) and five inorganic based stabilizers(IBS) were tested for 7 days. The amount of emission and concentrations of TVOC were measured using GC/FID and GC/MS. In case of formaldehyde, quantitative analysis was carried out using HPLC. The average concentrations of TVOC and formaldehyde of 8 stabilizers were 1.173 mg/m²․h and 0.007 mg/m²․h, respectively. The maximum TVOC concentration among five OSBS was 5.698 mg/m²․h and exceeded the TVOC emission standard(4.0 mg/m²․h) for general building materials. According to the this study results, the applied stabilizer can be role one of pollutant sources like paints, floor tile etc. The emission test has to be tested one of stabilizers efficiency to manage the indoor air quality of building.

According to a recent government study, development and distribution of functional building materials are increasing in Korea.
In this study, we evaluated reduction performance of formaldehyde and toluene by sorptive building materials using small-scale chamber(20L) test method for 7 days.
According to the results of this study, 18 building materials showed that the effects of formaldehyde reduction among the 23 building materials. And the number of the building materials with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of toluene was relatively small.
The mean sorption rate and total amount of sorption for formaldehyde were 36.8% and 1,525.4㎍/㎡, respectively. The sorption rate and total amount of sorption for formaldehyde were in the range 1.5∼78.4% and 87.5∼3,086.0㎍/㎡, respectively.
And the mean sorption rate and total amount of sorption for toluene were 11.6% and 1,054.4㎍/㎡, respectively. The sorption rate and total amount of sorption of toluene were in the range 0.1∼62.4% and 29.6∼6,764.0㎍/㎡, respectively.
In most cases, the performance of the building materials with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of pollutants has steadily decreased within 7 days.

본 연구는 최근 급격한 성장을 하고 있는 인터넷 쇼핑이 보편적인 소비채널로 자리잡아 가며 소비자의 의사 결정 구조까지 변화시키고 있음을 인식하고 화훼디자인 상품의 인터넷 마케팅과 소비자와의 관계를 살 펴보고자 하였다. 현재 인터넷 시장의 현황과 화훼디자 인 상품 소비에 대한 문헌고찰 후 설문을 통해 서울·경 기 지역을 중심으로 총 448부의 실증 조사를 실시하였 다. 화훼디자인 상품의 인터넷을 통한 구매자는 전체 설문 조사자 중 34%로 31~35세의 여성의 회사원이 가장 많았으며, 월평균 가정의 수입, 결혼 유무, 거주 지역에 따른 구매차이는 없었다. 인터넷 쇼핑몰 화훼디 자인 상품의 구매 시 불안요소 또는 구매하고 싶지 않은 이유로는 인터넷상과 실제로 구매했을 시의 색감, 디자인, 신선도 등의 차이점에 대한 우려가 가장 높게 나타났다. 화훼디자인 상품의 인터넷을 통한 구매자와 쇼핑성향을 살펴보면 경제적 쇼핑성향이 가장 높게 나 타났고 다음으로 유행추구 쇼핑성향이 높게 나타났다. 종류로는 꽃다발, 꽃바구니, 식물류, 난, 개인연회, 기 념일 이벤트와 정(+)의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 인터넷 사용 목적과 쇼핑성향을 살펴보면 인터넷을 통한 화훼 디자인 상품의 구매자의 모든 쇼핑성향은 인터넷쇼핑 과 상관관계가 높아 인터넷쇼핑을 자주 이용하는 사람 들의 화훼디자인 상품의 구매 가능성이 높은 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 화훼디자인 상품에 대한 인터넷 시장의 높은 성장 가능성을 보여주며, 변 화하는 소비자의 다양한 특징과 화훼디자인 제품의 연 관관계를 알 수 있었다.

성인과 달리 범죄를 저지른 소년은 보호처분을 통해 처벌이 주는 낙인에서 벗어나고 교정 프로그램을 통해 재비행을 방지하고자 노력하고 있다. 하지만 소년범죄는 양적으로나 질적으로 계속 증가되고 있어 비행소년의 교화를 위한 전문적인 프로그램 도입과 개발이 시급한 실정이다. 특히 범죄를 저지른 보호소년이 자신의 범행에 대한 반성과 죄책감이 부족하고 피해자 및 지역사회에 끼친 손상을 회복하려는 노력이 태도가 부족하다. 피해자가 경험하는 고통에 대해 책임감을 느끼지 못하고 단지 보호처분을 받는 것으로 책임을 회피하려 한다. 회복적 사법정의는 가해자와 피해자와의 만남과 대화를 통해 피해자가 받은 상처를 이해하고 회복할 수 있는 기회를 제공하여 관계를 회복에 관심을 갖는다. 그러므로 민간기관이라는 장점이 있는 소년보호시설인 6호 처분기관에서 회복적 사법정의를 적용한 교화 프로그램을 실시된다면 의미있고 효과적인 결과를 낳을 수 있을 것이다.

A method was established for the simultaneous determinatioin of sugar alcohols, erythritol, xylitol,sorbitol, inositol, mannitol, maltitiol, lactitol and isomalt by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The sugar alcohols were converted into strong ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing derivatives with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (PNBC). HPLC was performed on Imtakt Unison US-C18 column, using acetonitrile : water (77:23) as a mobile phase and UV detection (260 nm). The calibration curves for all sugar alcohols tested were linear in the 10~200 mg/L range. The average recoveries of the sugar alcohols from three confectioneries spiked at 100 ppm of eight sugar alcohol standards ranged from 81.2 to 123.1% with relative standard deviations ranging fromo 0.2 to 4.9%. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.5~8 μg/L and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 2~17 μg/L. Reproducibility of 8 sugar alcohols was 0.28~1.97 %RSD. The results of the analysis of confectioneries showed that 89 samples of 130 were detected and the sugar alcohols content of samples investigated varied between 0.4 and 693.7 g/kg. A method for the simultaneous determination of eight sugar alcohols will be used as basic data for control of sugar alcohols in confectioneries, and qualilty control in food manufacturing.

The bactericidal efficacy of three common sanitizers (100 or 200 ppm of sodium hypochlorite, 100or 200 ppm of n-alkyl(C12-C18)benzyldimethyl chloride, and 50 or 100 ppm of peroxyacetic acid) against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 was studied using the suspension test method at various exposure temperatures (4~40℃) and times(1~60min) under both dirty and clean conditions, respectively. During the suspension tests, sodium hypochlorite (200 ppm) showed higher bactericidal activity than the other sanitizers under clean conditions, with 5 log reductions against E. coli as well as S. aureus in the first 1 min of treatments at 4℃. However,the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite decreased markedly under dirty conditions due to its susceptibility to interfering substances. The efficacy of the n-alkyl(C12-C18)benzyldimethyl chloride increased considerable as the exposure temperature and time increased. The bactericidal efficacy of the n-alkyl(C12-C18)benzyldimethyl chloride might be less effective on low temperature, however, the longer time the sanitizer is in contact, the more effective the sanitization effect. Treatment with peroxyacetic acid (100 ppm) showed at least 5 log reduction against E. coli and S. aureus for 5min at 4℃ under both clean and dirty conditions. The efficacy of the peroxyacetic acid was not much altered by interfering substances and affected by changes in temperature or time.

The object of this research is to conform of practicable possibility and recycling of producing junk after citrus fruits is processed. With extracting d-limonene oil that have 70~90% a component of oil out of junk citrus peel, making certain the about 12000ppm concentration of it. Limonene derived from citrus in jeju using conventional synthetic detergents can be replaced with the development of environmentally friendly natural detergent investigated the possibility. Mostly due to ocean dumping, disposal and cause environmental problems by recycling natural citrus cleaner alternative to the research conducted on the possibility. Cleaning efficiency with temperature did not affect the largest concentrations were able to identify the difference between cleaning efficiency. At least 10% of the d-limonene oil could be from the cleaning performance, increasing the concentration of the cleaning efficiency was increased in size. Ultrasonic is very high removal efficiency under the conditions shown in the cause of pure self-generated ultrasonic cleaning power as co-effects of d-limonene oil appears to chemical cleaning effect of ultrasonic cavitation occurs in the physical cleaning effect due to a combination of synergistic stability is maximized by low concentrations of d-limonene oil in a short time showed an excellent cleaning ability. Having the ability of cleaning at the same time, considering the side recycling in the junk citrus peels reflects possibility of basic materials utility eco-friendly in the skin soap, bath soap, cosmetics etc, through ability of exclusion a contaminant in based cleaning effect(EC) it can prospect substitution effect environmentally in the pre existence synthetic detergents.

This study was conducted to establish a method to analyze azodicarbonamide (ADA) in wheat flour. A new method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of ADA in wheat flour. The recovery rate was 91.93~97.54%. The limit of detection for ADA was 0.02 mg/kg and the limit of quantification was 0.05 mg/kg. The monitoring results for ADA contents using the established methods showed that it was detected as the low value of 0.95 mg/kg in one of 51 flour samples (detection rate : 2%), but not detected in 59 bakery samples. The detected ADA level was suitable to its usage standard, compared to the standard (45 mg/kg). Although the detection rate was very low, the established analytical method of ADA will contribute to the management of ADA in processed foods such as wheat flour and bakery.

The objection of this research is to conform of practicable possibility and recycling of producing junk after citrus fruits is processed. In the middle of practicable possibility, with verification of antibiosis that tactiling sensibility in a microorganism. With extracting d-limonene oil that have 70~90% a component of oil out of junk citrus peel, making certain the about 12000ppm(1.2%) concentration of it. By means of antibiosis property over the a pathogenic bacterium as well as a residence bacterium, considerating the limit of application against daily living supplies needs to antibiosis. Antibiosis effect of a stationing bacterium in the body permanently and by means of antibiosis verification of special bacteria Propionibacterium Acnes that causative skin trouble is selected, in based the antibiotic sencitivity test check up result of minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC).

범죄와 교정의 문제는 다양한 시각으로 볼 수 있다. 오늘날 우리사회가 그 어느 때보다도 역동적인 변화를 겪게 되면서 사회문제들이 복합적으로 일어나고 그 원인들 또한 복잡해졌다. 최근 잇따른 납치사건들과 살인사건들, 초ㆍ중학교생 집단폭행사건들은 국민의 우려의 증가시키고 기존 교정프로그램들의 효과를 논의하지 않을 수 없게 한다. 이러한 상황에서, 영성(spiritualiy)과 종교 관련 교정프로그램들이 높은 재범률과 교정프로그램들의 비효과적인 측면을 보완하기 위하여 고려될 수 있다. 영성과 종교가 관여된 사회적 서비스가 국제적으로나 국내에서 이미 논의를 되어오고 있다. 특히 교정분야에서는 2010년 개소될 민영교도소에서 종교프로그램이 전적으로 도입될 예정이어서 이러한 논의는 더욱 활발해질 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 교정시설에서 재소자들이 종교프로그램에 참여하면서 어떤 변화가 있는지를 파악하는 것이다. 종교프로그램에 참여하기 전과 후의 자신에 대하여, 동료재소자에 대하여, 가족/친지에 대하여, 교도관에 대한 생각에 어떤 변화가 있는지를 조사하였다. 연구결과로는, 시설내 종교프로그램이 자아존중감, 심리적 안녕감, 가족관계, 동료관계 등의 변수에 있어서 유의미한 변화가 발견되었다. 특히 심리적 안정감에 있어서 재소자들에게 의미있는 변화가 감지되었다. 이는 종교프로그램이 재소자들의 자아존중감, 심리적 안녕감, 가족관계수준, 동료관계수준을 높여주었고, 그중에서도 종교프로그램이 심리적 안녕감에 긍정적으로 기여한 것으로 보인다. 이들은 재소자가 자신을 찾아가고 동료재소자와의 관계와 가족과의 관계를 유지 발전시키는데 영향을 미쳤다고 생각된다. 특히 저학력의 경우 이러한 효과는 두드러지게 나타났다. 또한 프로그램참가자의 신앙성숙도와 자아존중감 사이의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과, 프로그램 참가자의 신앙성숙도와 자아존중감이 서로 상관관계가 있어 신앙성숙이 될수록 자아존중감이 높아질 것이라는 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 또한 재소자의 영적 영역생활 즉, 영적 안녕감과 신앙성숙도가 깊어질수록 교정시설내의 적응이 향상될 것으로 보인다.

The history of correction depends heavily upon ‘how the people understand a crime and criminal offender’ in a society or country. The current criminal justice system overseas as well as domestically is fundamentally based on retribution or the justice model in its practice. Researches have pointed out that typical model has shown its limitations and problems including the lack of correctional effectiveness, astronomical amount of correctional expenses, overcrowding issues, and others. These issues and problems of the current justice system are the starting points to think differently about ways of dealing with criminal issues and the parties affected by crimes such as a crime victim, the offender, their families, and their community. Since the early 1970s, restorative justice has gained significant attention in North America, and now in many countries in Oceania, Europe, Africa, and Asia. In 2000, the United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention developed a draft proposal for UN Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice Programs in Criminal Matters, which encourages the use of restorative justice by UN members. This international recognition is a huge step forward toward the international recognition of the new paradigm in criminal justice procedure. This article examines the background, developing process, and main programs, such as Victim Offender Mediation, Family Group Conferencing, and Circles. Some thoughts about advanced correctional welfare have also been presented.

The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathologic tissue reaction in vital bone in applying the various treated implants. For this purpose, twelve New Zealand Albino rats, weighing 3.3 to 4 kg were used as experimental animals. All the experimental groups divided into four groups; Machined surface as control, RBM(resorbable blast media), Hydroxyapatite-sand and Porous coating groups. All the experimental implants were examined under the scannning electron microscope. All the experimental rabbits were implanted in the tibial metaphyses of rabbits under the general anesthesia with Ketamine HCl(2.5ML /kg.body wt.) injections. For prevention of infection after implant, prophylactic erythromycine injections, 250mg/body wt.(Aldrich Co. USA) were performed on each. On the sixth week after implant, all the experimental rabbits were sacrificed with over dose of Sedaject(Samwoo Pharm .Co. Korea). All the tissues containing each experimental materials were fixed in ethyle alcohol, and embedded in spurr resin(Polytechnic Co. USA) as usual manner. sectioned in 12 um thickness, grinded , stained with the Vulenueva's osteochrome stain methed and examined histopatholgically. For measuring the distances between the implant and bone without any connective tissue interface, all the distances were calculated the length of the implant direct contact to bones. using the view analyzer program( Korea Optical Co.) and the statistical analysis were performed using the one-way ANOVA test. The statistical differences were considered significant below 5% level. Following results were obtained. On the scanning electron microscopic examination, dull cracked continuous linear indentations were revealed on the machined surface implant, irregular sharp indentation on the resorbabale blast, irregular thin exophytic or indentated leaflets on the hydroxyapatite-sand implant, and long ovoid globular particles were revealed on the porous coating implant surface respectively. On the histopathologic examination, complete osseointegation was noted between the implant and cortex bone on the collar and the apex lesion and in parts, small newley formed bone spicules attached to the screws in marrow tissues with compatibility in all experimental groups, but on the aspect of the tissue compatibility to the various implant materials, the superiority of the materials could not identified. The ratio of drect contact between the bone and implant, the HA sand gorup was the most superior among the gorups and followed by the machine surface, but on RBM and porous coating groups were inferior compared to that on the experimental groups. With these results, the superiority of tissue compatibility among the experimental implant group could not be identified