Increasing sugar intake of population has become a nutritional issue in Korea. Sweet taste perception may be related to behaviors such as eating sweet food including high sugars and total sugar intake. This study aimed to evaluate objective and subjective sweet taste perception and the association among objective sweet taste perception, dietary behaviors related to eating sweet snack food including high sugar, and total sugar intake from the snacks. Participants were 261 healthy female college students (mean age: 21.0±1.6 years), who were divided into three subgroups based on oral sweet taste evaluation using a sweet taste assessment tool provided by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: sweet-seeker group (n=139), medium sweet-seeker group (n=54), and unsweet-seeker group (n=68). There was no significant difference in weight and body mass index (BMI) among the three groups; however, the sweet-seeker group had significantly higher sweet taste preference than that of the other groups. Though more people in the sweet-seeker group thought they tended to eat sweet foods than the medium sweet-seeker and unsweet-seeker groups, over half of the sweet-seekers did not think they tended to eat sweet foods. The sweet-seeker group was more likely to eat sweet snacks such as breads, chocolate products, sugar-sweetened milk, and so on than the unsweet-seeker group. Total sugar intake from the selected sweet snacks was 44.4 g for the sweet-seeker group, 34.4 g for the medium sweet-seeker group, and 28.0 g for the unsweet-seeker group with a significant difference. These results indicated the absence of relationship between objective sweet taste perception and the obesity index; however, significant associations were detected among objective sweet taste perception, eating sweet snacks and total sugar intake from the snacks. We also found high disagreement between objective and subjective sweet taste perception of the subjects. The present study provided the novel insight that measuring objective sweet taste perception may be useful for assessing the risk of high sugar consumption and undesirable dietary behaviors.

A finite element simulation study was performed to determine influences of different post spaces and thicknesses of crash barriers on the dynamic behaviors due to truck crash. Accuracy of the simulation was verified using qualitative and quantitative comparisons. Based on in-depth examination of crash simulation recordings, energy distributions occurred in the barrier against the car are determined. In this paper, the existing finite element crash analysis of barriers using the LS-DYNA program is further extended to study the dynamic response of the barrier with various geometries of the guardrail. The numerical results for various parameters are verified by comparing different models.

The experimental study aims to investigate uniaxial behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced composite (UHPFRCC) columns with compressive strengths of 180, 150, and 120 MPa. Eleven square columns and six circular columns will be constructed and tested with uniaxial load. Main variables were the amount and spacing of transverse reinforcement, and concrete compressive strength. The amount and spacing of transverse reinforcement were chosen based on the seismic design provisions of ACI Code (ACI 318-14) and CSA Standard (CSA 2014).

제비(Hirundo rustica)는 인간 가까이에서 스스로 둥지를 짓고 생활하는 친숙한 조류로서 국내의 전역에서 흔히 관찰 되는 대표적인 여름철새이다. 그러나 최근 들어 급속한 도 시화로 인한 서식지 감소와 과도한 농약 살포 등의 환경오 염으로 인해 제비 개체수가 감소하고 있는 실정이다. 따라 서 본 연구에서는 제비의 영소지 특성과 번식행동을 조사하 여 서식지 관리에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구는 2012년 3월~2013년 8월까지 광주광역시 도 심근교지역인 서구 유덕동의 덕흥마을과 유촌마을의 번식 집단을 대상으로 영소지 특성과 번식행동(둥지짓기, 포란, 급이)을 조사하였다. 제비는 3월 말경에 도래하여 4월 중순경부터 둥지를 짓 기 시작하였고 4월 말경에 첫 산란을 하였다. 조사지역의 제비 번식지 토지이용을 분석한 결과, 전반적으로 농경지 (논, 밭, 과수원, 묘포원)의 분포가 넓게 나타났으며, 도시 근교지역인 특성상 상업․공업․혼합․공동지역 및 교통시설지 의 비율도 높게 나타났다. 번식지 주변으로 하천이 10~15% 의 비율로 분포하며, 제비가 번식할 수 있는 주거지역(단독 주거, 취락지)은 대략 5~10% 비율을 차지하였다. 조사기간 중 번식중인 78개 둥지의 건물은 주택 (residential house)이 89.7%로 번식지로써 가장 선호하였 으며, 다음으로 창고(barn) 7.7%, 마을회관(village hall) 2.6%로 나타났다. 둥지의 부착 위치는 벽면(wall) 37.2%, 처마(eaves) 24.4%, 출입문(front door) 23.1%, 창문 (window) 11.5%, 대문(gate) 3.8% 순으로 나타났다. 또한 둥지의 부착면 재질은 콘크리트(concrete) 44.9%, 목재 (wood) 23.1%, 벽돌(brick) 21.8%, 전등(lighting) 6.4%, 기 타(호수 등) % 순으로 나타났다. 제비 둥지의 방향은 남쪽 이 21.8%, 서쪽이 15.4%, 북동쪽 및 남동쪽이 각각 12.8%, 남서쪽이 11.5%, 동쪽이 10.3%, 북쪽 및 북서쪽이 각각 7.7%로 나타났다. 번식기간 동안 이용한 둥지의 이용율을 보면, 묵은둥지는 36개(39.0%), 생성둥지는 23개(61.0%)로 나타났다. 제비는 4월 중순경에 둥지를 짓기 시작하였다. 둥지의 재료는 진흙과 마른 풀, 가지로 수액을 섞어 밥그릇 모양으 로 수직의 벽에 만드는 경우가 많지만, 평평한 곳이나 전등 위 등에 만드는 경우도 있었다. 암․수 공동으로 둥지를 만들 며, 새로운 둥지를 만들 때에는 재료를 모아 약 8일 정도 걸려서 외부 모양새를 만들고 그 후에 알을 낳을 곳에는 깃털 등을 깔아 완성시켰다. 조사기간 중 번식에 이용된 34 개 둥지를 대상으로 크기를 측정한 결과, 평균적으로 장축 의 외측 길이(A) 181.6±32.2㎜, 장측의 내측 길이(B) 112.0±15.0㎜, 깊이의 외측 길이(C) 98.4±31.0㎜, 깊이의 내측 길이(D) 33.8±5.2㎜, 둥지 두께(E) 13.5±3.6㎜, 폭의 길이(F) 94.3±21.6㎜, 둥지와 천장 길이(G) 46.0±53.5㎜로 조사되었다. 또한 둥지와 출입문 또는 창문과의 길이는 평균 45.0±53.5㎝, 둥지의 지면에서의 높이는 평균 286.9±30.5㎝ 로 조사되었다. 번식중인 35개 둥지를 ‘closed' (4면이 벽으 로 되어 있음)와 ‘half-open' (한쪽이 개방되어 있음)으로 구분하여 노출정도를 조사한 결과, ‘half-open'이 62.9%, ‘closed'이 37.1%로 나타났다. 둥지 무게는 144.5~577.5g 범위로 평균 306.7±102.7g(n=30)으로 조사되었다. 진흙이나 마른 풀 등의 둥지 재료를 물러다 나르는 행동 은 오전 8시부터 오후 6시까지 평균 174.8회(수컷: 122.0회 ; 암컷: 52.8회 ; N=5둥지) 이루어졌다. 주간의 둥지 재료를 나르는 행동은 주로 오전에 집중적으로 이루어졌으며, 성별 로는 수컷이 시간당 평균 11.1회로 암컷(평균 4.8회/1H)보 다 2배 이상 비행횟수가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 영소행동이 집중적으로 이루어진 오전(8-12시)의 경우, 둥지 재료를 물 러다 나르는 비행 횟수는 수컷(평균 14.3±7.3/1H)이 암컷 (평균 9.2±6.2/1H)이 현저하게 높은 비율을 보였다. 둥지에 서 재료를 둥지에 붙이거나 보수하는 행동을 하는데 보내는 시간은 평균 6분 31초/1H이며, 수컷(평균 6:38±2:27/1H)과 암컷(평균 6:24±3:58/1H)간의 차이는 없었다. 산란 후 부화시까지의 포란기간은 평균 13.1±1.0일(n=56) 로 최소 12일부터 최대 16일로 나타났다. 제비의 번식둥지 에서 암컷의 산란이후 포란기간 동안 교대 없이 암컷이 지 속적으로 포란을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 수컷은 포란을 하 지 않고 단지 둥지와 알을 확인하거나, 휴식을 위해 방문하 였다. 번식중인 5개 둥지를 조사한 결과 주간(6-18시)에 포 란 횟수는 평균 30.4회, 시간당 포란 횟수는 평균 2.5회이었 다. 포란시간은 평균 8시 53분±1시 10분, 1시간당 포란시간 은 평균 45분으로 산란 후 6~10일인 둥지의 암컷들은 주간 에 약 74%를 포란하는데 보내는 것으로 조사되었다. 육추기간 동안 새끼에게 먹이를 주는 급이(Parental feeding) 횟수는 오전 6시부터 지속적으로 증가하여 10시에 최대치를 보였고 그 이후로는 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 급이행동은 암․수가 공동으로 실시하였으며 주간 (6~18h) 동안 육추기간 부모의 급이 횟수는 평균 374.0±83.5 회, 시간당 급이 횟수는 평균 32.1회로 나타났다(N=5). 새 끼에게 먹이를 공급해 주는 급이간격은 오전 6시부터 오후 3시까지는 대략 3분 정도였으나 오후 4시이후로는 약 6분 으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different pregnancy stages on the eating and ruminating behavior of Hanwoo heifers (Bos taurus coreanae). A total of twelve Hanwoo heifers were divided into four groups depending on pregnancy stage: C: before pregnancy, 9 months old, T1: 3 months pregnant, 16 months old, T2: 6 months pregnant, 19 months old, T3: 9 months pregnant, 22 months old (3 replicates per group). Concentrate of 1% of the body weight was fed to them. Roughage was provided at ad libitum to all treatments. Our results revealed that the intake of roughage was the highest in the T3 group (at 3.68 kg) and the lowest in the C group (at 1.02 kg, p<0.05). Total intake in the order from high to low was: T3 > T2 > T1 > C (p<0.05). The rate of dry matter intake compared to body weight (DMI/BW, %) from high to low order was: T3 > T2 > T1 > C (p<0.05). Eating time, ruminating time, and chewing time were the highest in T3 group (p<0.05). Resting time was the highest in C group (p<0.05). The number of bolus and the number of total chews were significantly higher in T3 compared to those in other groups. However, ruminating time per bolus was not significantly difference among groups. The number of chews per bolus from high to low order was: C > T1 > T3 > T2 (p<0.05). The number of bolus per minute was not significantly different among groups. The number of drinking and the number of defecating were significantly higher in C and T1, respectively (p<0.05). However, the number of urinating had no effect according to pregnancy stage. Eating rate and chewing efficiency were significantly higher (p<0.05) in accordance with pregnancy stage (T3 > T2 > T1 > C). Ruminating efficiency was significantly (p<0.05) higher T1 than that in other groups.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the food-related lifestyle choices of female baby boomers and to investigate variables regarding home meal replacement (HMR) buying behaviors and future needs. This study was conducted on 358 female baby boomers 53 years of age living in Gyeonggi and near Seoul. Out of 420 distributed questionnaires, 358 were returned and used for analysis (response rate: 85.2%). As a result of cluster analysis, three groups were identified based on the food-related lifestyles : a value-seeking group, a convenience-seeking group, and a health-seeking group. Among the three groups, there were significant differences in two socio-demographic characteristics, education level (p<0.05) and regular exercise (p<0.01), and in several health- and food-related habits, type of breakfast (p<0.01), type of dinner (p<0.05), dinner details (p<0.05), frequency of eating out (p<0.05), and eating habits score (p<0.01). The health-seeking group was significantly more likely to purchase ready to cook (RTC) items (59.1%) than were the other groups (p<0.001). However, the ratio of HMR purchasing for the purpose of meal replacement (p<0.05) and an HMR purchasing frequency of more than twice a week (p<0.001) were significantly lower in the health-seeking group. Reasons for selecting HMR showed a similar tendency among groups in taste (26.2%), convenience (18.7%), price (16.9%), safety (15.3%) and type of food (14.3%). However, the satisfaction scores for hygiene and safety reported by the health-seeking group were significantly lower than those reported by the other groups. More than two-thirds of all respondents were willing to purchase HMR in the future, though there were significant differences according to group: convenience-seeking group, 73.1%, health-seeking group, 70.1%, and value-seeking group, 65.7% (p<0.05). Our results suggest that the number of baby boomers purchasing HMR products will continue to grow and baby boomers will want HMR products to be more healthy (52.0%), safe (28.5%) and delicious (13.4%). An emphasis on taste was high in the convenience-seeking group, whereas an emphasis on health was high in the health-seeking and value-seeking groups. In conclusion, this study shows various food-related lifestyles amongst female baby boomers and illustrates the need to develop HMR marketing strategies targeted to these different lifestyles.

This study was to investigate the association among satisfaction of nutrition labeling, change of purchase behaviors, and dietary life care, based on the awareness of nutrition labeling at expressway rest areas. The subjects (n=903) were divided into two groups, according to the awareness of nutrition labeling: Awareness of Nutrition Labeling (ANL) group, n=367; Non Awareness of Nutrition Labeling (NANL) group, n=536. Effort of health care and identification of nutrition labeling was significantly higher in the ANL group, compared with the NANL group. As for the main reason for not identifying nutrition labeling, ‘not interested in nutrition labeling’ was the highest in the ANL group, and ‘Don't know nutrition labeling is provided’ in the NANL group. Identification ratio of nutrition labeling in future was significantly higher in the NANL group, compared with the ANL group among the subjects who didn't identify nutrition labeling before. After their becoming aware, a change of food purchase after reading the nutrition labeling was significantly higher in the ANL group, compared with the NANL group. Health beliefs on the nutrition labeling were significantly higher in the ANL group, compared with the NANL group. Satisfaction of nutrition labeling was also significantly higher in the ANL group, compared with the NANL group. The ANL group also expressed a necessity of expansion of nutrition labeling, compared with the NANL group. In the ANL group, identification of nutrition labeling was significantly higher in the hard effort group, compared with the little effort group of dietary life care. Therefore, improvement and campaign of nutrition labeling for consumers at expressway rest areas, especially for the NANL group, will be effective in identifying nutrition labeling for their health care.

Lee Ha-young. 2015. “A Linguistic Contrastive Study on Korean and Japanese Persuasion Behaviors: Around strategic characteristics”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(3). 267~293. This study aimed to contrast and compare the Korean native speaker’s and the Japanese native speaker’s use patterns of language strategies in the persuasion situation from the perspective of politeness. Through this study, under the situation of ‘recommendation’ where the other being persuaded felt relatively less burden, the Korean native speaker and the Japanese native speaker showed the pattern using the same strategies for persuasion in the order of the ‘objectivity-pursuing strategy’ > the ‘speaker’s position-expression strategy’ > the ‘listener’s mind-inducement strategy’. Next, for the case that the other being persuaded was belonged to the lower status than the speaker in their social relations, it was found that Korean native speaker showed the tendency trying to persuade the other by using the ‘speaker’s position-expression strategy’ regardless the listener’s response types, but Japanese native speaker showed the pattern highly using the ‘speaker’s position-expression strategy’ only in the equal social relations between the speaker and the listener (the other being persuaded) if the other directly refuse the speaker’s suggestion. So far, this study investigated the both Korean native speaker’s and the Japanese native speaker’s use patterns of persuasion strategies through various variables.

급속도로 발전하고 있는 현대사회에서 여러 현대사회의 문제점에 유연하게 대처하는 조직이 성공을 이끈다. 이러한 조직을 움직이는 최초의 원동력은 리더십이다. 본 연구에서는 리더십 중에서도 최근 이슈 가 되고 있는 진성 리더십과 조직구성원의 행위결과에 대해 검증하였다. 진성 리더십에 대한 연구는 최근 에 와서야 본격적으로 다루어진 영역이라 선행연구가 적지만, 본 연구에서는 학원장을 리더십의 중요한 주체이자 변수로 보고 연구함으로써 진성 리더십의 연구 범주를 확대하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기위해서 경상남도지역 중 마산, 창원, 진해에 소재한 25개 학원에 종사하는 강사 274명을 대상으로 설문조 사를 통해 실증분석 하였다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진성 리더십이 높을수록 상사신뢰가 높 아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 상사신뢰가 높을수록 이직의도는 낮아지고, 조직시민행동은 높아지는 것 으로 나타났다. 셋째, 상사신뢰는 진성 리더십과 이직의도 사이에서 완전매개효과를 가지며, 조직시민행 동과의 사이에서는 매개효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 진성 리더십이 높을수록 팀 에너지가 높아지 는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 팀 에너지가 높을수록 이직의도는 낮아지고, 조직시민행동은 높아지는 것으 로 나타났다. 여섯째, 팀 에너지는 진성 리더십과 이직의도 사이에서 부분매개효과를 가지며, 조직시민행 동과의 사이에서도 부분매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 학원조직에서 학원장의 진성 리더십과 상사신뢰 및 팀 에너지는 조직구성원의 행위결과에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 사실을 확인하였 다. 결론 부분에 이 연구의 시사점과 한계점, 그리고 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 사회 네트워크 관점을 채택하여 본사와 해외 자회사의 문화적 차이에서 발생하는 제약을 극복하고 문화적 경계를 뛰어넘어 상호작용을 돕는 주재원의 국제경계관리(international boundary spanning)에 초점을 둔다. 국제경계관리는 전 세계에 흩어져 있는 본사와 해외 자회사들을 통합네트워크로 연결하여 협력과 조정을 이끌어내고, 공동 이익을 추구하는 테르티우스융겐스 지향을 갖는다. 본 연구는 기존의 경계관리행동 구성요인 에 관한 논의를 확장하여 국제경계관리행동의 구성요인을 탐색하였다. 이를 위하여 중국에 소재하고 있는 한국 기업 자회사에서 근무하는 12명의 주재원들을 대상으로 심층면접을 실시하고, 심층면접의 결과를 근거이론 접근법 (ground theory approach)에 따라 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 국제경계관리행동은 본사 대표, 해외 자 회사 대표, 과업조정, 본사 지식전달, 해외 자회사 지식전달 등의 요인으로 구성된다. 국제경계관리자는 본사와 해외 자회사의 문화적 차이를 인지하고 본사와 해외 자회사 사이에서 어느 한 쪽으로 치우치지 않고 양측의 이해 와 입장을 대변한다. 또한 양측 사이에 오가는 지식과 정보의 교환을 활성화하고 상호의존적인 과업 수행 과정에 서 업무조정 역할을 담당한다.

지금까지 조직 내에서 상사의 부하에 대한 비인격적 감독행위에 대한 다양한 연구에도 불구하고 대부 분의 연구에서는 조직유효성과 관련된 변수에 초점을 맞추어 왔다. 이와 같은 한계에 착안하여 이 연구에 서는 이론 및 선험적 연구결과를 바탕으로 상사의 비인격적 감독행위의 결과가 부하들의 삶과 가정생활 의 영역에까지 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 가정하고 상사의 비인격적 감독과 부하의 일-가정 갈등 및 가정침해행동 간의 관계를 연구하였다. 특히 이와 같은 과정에서 종업원들이 지각하는 직무스트레스가 양자 간의 관계를 설명하는 유용한 기제가 될 것으로 가정하였으며, 또한 상사의 권력남용이 부하의 직무 스트레스에 미치는 효과는 조직 내에서 상사와의 권력거리를 높게 지각할수록 더 클 것으로 가정하였다. 실증연구 결과에 따를 경우 기대하였던 바와 같이 상사의 비인격적 감독과 부하들의 일-가정 갈등 및 가정침해행동 간의 관계에서 부하들이 느끼는 직무스트레스가 일정부분 매개역할을 하는 것으로 확인되 었으며, 또한 상사와의 권력거리를 크게 지각할수록 상사의 비인격적 감독에 따른 직무스트레스수준이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 전체적인 관점에서 보았을 때 이와 같은 결과를 통하여 상사와의 관계에서 높은 권력거리를 지각하는 부하들일수록 상사의 권력남용에 따른 직무스트레스를 더욱 크게 느끼며 이는 결과적으로 부하들의 일-가정 갈등 및 가정침해행동에 대한 상사의 부당한 권력남용의 효과를 더욱 키우 는 결과로 이어질 수 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구결과에 대한 논의 및 결론에서 실증분석의 결과 가 지니는 의미와 한계, 앞으로의 연구방향에 대해 구체적으로 제시하였다.

The present study aimed to figure out current situation and consumer perception on the advertising of functional climbing wear in Korea. Advertising is about showing consumers how products meet their needs. In case of functional clothing, the most basic need of consumer should be a functional need (Lee, 2014;Shimp, 2010). However, research on advertisement of functional clothing, especially focused on the functional information, has not carried out in Korea. Recently research by Liu and Yoo (2014) investigated changing patterns of magazine advertising of functional climbing wear from 2008 to 2013. It is found that advertisements of professional climbing wear had been changed like fashion apparel ads in terms of functional information, celebrity model dependence, and appeal type (Liu&Yoo,2014). On 2013, over 70% of functional climbing wear ads did not provide any functional information and percentage of celebrity model dependence was dramatically increased from 1.48%to35.30%. In this study, 388 adults in their 20-50’s were surveyed in order to figure out general satisfaction on advertisements of functional climbing wear. The survey consisted of eight questions including satisfaction with reliability, communicability, type of expression, model, and contents of functional climbing wear advertisement. For analysis of characteristics of respondents, years of climbing experience, frequency of climbing, average expenses per single purchase, and frequently exposed advertising media types were asked as well as demographic characteristics. Most of respondents (83.85%) were in their 30-50’s and had 3-5 years climbing experience (29.50%).Frequency of climbing was ‘once every two months’ (35.70%) and ‘1~2 times every month’ (25.26%), and the most frequent average expenses per single purchase was ‘100~300 thousand won’ (65.25%). Frequently exposed advertising media types were TV commercials (33.60%), magazine (23.10%), and internet (9.50%). Purchase frequency was ‘once every two tears’ (31.14%), ‘3~4 times in a year’ (29.11%), ‘1~2 times in a year’ (25.06%). Results showed respondents want ‘more precise information for better understanding of performance of functional climbing wears’ (4.22point out of 5.00). Significant differences in ‘advertisement of functional climbing wear is reliable’ were observed across age and gender; male rather than female group and ages 30 are than other age groups showed higher average value. Age 40’s significantly more wanted to be informed precise information via advertisement and preferred celebrity model than other age groups. Overall, ages 20-30’s were more satisfied with the advertisement of functional climbing wear than age 50’s. The results from this study could provide practical insights to establish guidelines for providing product information in the functional clothing industry.

With the recent hype concerning three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, affordable 3D printers have been launched, enabling individual machine owners to download or create design files and thus produce artifacts. As a design community, Shapeways—which comprises over 300,000 members and 25,000 online shops—commercializes and promotes good ideas using 3D printing technology (Shapeways, 2015). Through Thingiverse, people can globally upload and share design modeling files without cost and print out items as desired. In general, 3D printing communities provide data without charges and witness gradually increasing data sharing rates. Literature on 3D printing mainly focuses on cases of technology-related patents, policies, and intellectual property rights. Thus, there is a paucity of empirical studies on 3D printing users. To overcome the limitations of previous studies, this study first builds on both social cognitive and social capital theories to elucidate the effects of 3D printing community users’ self-efficacy; altruistic tendency; and perceived structural, cognitive, and relational capital on their voluntary knowledge sharing and innovative behaviors. Second, it aims to verify inter-group differences in innovative behaviors of 3D printing community users while considering either high or low levels of fashion innovativeness and fashion involvement. For this verification, antecedents of knowledge sharing are elicited from previous research followed by an interview and a questionnaire survey with 3D printing community users to substantiate such antecedents. Next, the data collected from the interview and survey is analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The results indicate that first, altruistic tendencies influence knowledge sharing, which is consistent with the social cognitive theory, whereas structural, cognitive, and relational capitals affect knowledge sharing, which parallels social capital theory. Second, knowledge sharing in 3D printing virtual communities exerts significant effects on innovative behaviors. This study establishes the antecedents and consequences of knowledge sharing in 3D printing virtual communities and proposes a model for effective knowledge sharing, which is projected to stimulate the application of 3D printing technology in creating and sharing fashion design content and providing substantive data for market formation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sodium-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutritional knowledge in university students according to the practice of dietary guidelines for Koreans established by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea. Based on the total practice score related to the dietary guidelines (PDG), we classified subjects into a “low practice of the dietary guidelines (LPDG)” group (n=94, male=43, female=51) (total score of PDG ≤13) and a “high practice of the dietary guidelines (HPDG)” group (n=56, male=32, female=24) (total score of PDG >13). Subjects were asked about general characteristics, lifestyle, salt-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutritional knowledge using a questionnaire. The LPDG group had more subjects who were breakfast skippers (p<0.001) compared to the HPDG group. The LPDG group (31.26) had a significantly lower score in terms of salt-related dietary attitudes compared to the HPDG group (33.77) (p=0.0042). The score for salt-related dietary attitudes was significantly higher in the HPDG (32.52) group than in the LPDG (29.91) group (p=0.0041). There was no significant difference in the total score for salt-related nutrition knowledge between the groups. The correlation analysis indicated that the dietary guidelines practice score had a positive correlation with the salt-related dietary attitude score (r=0.3593, p<0.0001) and the dietary attitude score (r=0.3443, p<0.0001) after adjustments for sex. These results show that the degree of adherence to the dietary guidelines for adults may be related to sodium-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutrition knowledge.

지구온난화에 따른 벼 재배지역의 재배치에 대한 기초자료를 얻고자 국내육성 벼 품종을 대상으로 한국, 터키 및 루마니아에 재배하여 개화시기의 변화와 일장과의 관계를 분석하였다. 1. 루마니아의 경우 하지일장은 15.5시간이었고 터키는 15.1시간, 한국은 14.5시간이었다. 2. 한국에서 조생종의 평균 출수기는 7월 28일이었고 터키는 8월 8일, 루마니아는 9월 7일로 평균 출수일수는 각각 89일, 98일, 116일이었으며 한국과 루마니아간의 평균 출수일수의 차이는 27일이었다. 3. ‘고운’의 경우는 터키와의 출수기 차이가 각각 8월6일과 8월7일로 가장 적었으며 ‘한아름’은 루마니아에서 출수기가 8월 21일과 10월 15일로 가장 크게 나타났다. 4. 출수기는 품종간에 다소 차이는 있었지만 영양생장기에서 생식생장기로 전환된 시기의 일장은 출수생태형과는 관계없이 14시간 30분~15시10분의 범위를 보였다. 5. 삼강벼의 경우 위도와 관계없이 출수일수가 5일정도 차이가 나서 출수생태적인 측면에서 광지역 적응성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

As energy consumption of building and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions have been emphasized, phase change materials(PCM) have been introduced as building materials due to its high heat storage performance. Using shape-stabilizing technique, octadecane/xGnP shape-stabilized PCM(SSPCM) can prevent leakage and improve heat storage performance. The objectives of this study are to propose mix design method of concrete mixed with SSPCM and to evaluate mechanical behaviors of the concrete mixed with SSPCM manufactured according to the proposed mix design. Based on the previously reported material test result, the existing mix design of plain concrete(Concrete standard specification, 2009) is modified to consider reduction of strength in concrete due to the addition of SSPCM. To verify the proposed mix design, specimens are fabricated according to the proposed mix design and axial strength tests and three-point loading tests are performed. Test results show that compressive strengths of the tested specimens reach the designed strength even when two different mix ratios of SSPCM are used. From three-point loading tests, flexural stresses decrease as mix ratio of SSPCM increases.

Impact damages induced by a low-velocity impact load on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite plates fabricated with various stacking sequences were studied experimentally. The impact responses of the CFRP composite plates were significantly affected by the laminate stacking sequences. Three types of specimens, specifically quasi-isotropic, unidirectional, and cross-ply, were tested by a constant impact carrying the same impact energy level. An impact load of 3.44 kg, corresponding to 23.62 J, was applied to the center of each plate supported at the boundaries. The unidirectional composite plate showed the worst impact resistance and broke completely into two parts; this was followed by the quasi-isotropic lay-up plate that was perforated by the impact. The cross-ply composite plate exhibited the best resistance to the low-velocity impact load; in this case, the impactor bounced back. Impact parameters such as the peak impact force and absorbed energy were evaluated and compared for the impact resistant characterization of the composites made by different stacking sequences.

The purpose of this study was to categorize and comparatively analyze tourists of different life-style groups who visit Yesan according to their lifestyles as well as their consumption behaviors and attitudes towards local foods or specialty agricultural products in order to understand the various needs, attitudes, and behaviors of consumers in each life-style group. Group 1 had a high percentage of single people in their 20s and those who worked in technology. Group 2 had a high percentage of those in their 30s and 40s who were married and were professionals. Group 3 had a high percentage of men and those in their 40s and 50s, as well as a high percentage of high income, highly educated people. Group 4 had a high percentage of those in their 20s or those in their 60s or higher. Compared to other groups, group 4 had a larger percentage of lower income and less educated people. In verifying the difference between life-style groups in terms of their behaviors and attitudes toward local foods and specialty agricultural products, consumption and experience of regional specialty foods showed high average scores in groups 1, 2, and 3, with significant differences from group 4.