본 연구는 수집형 자주식 두류 콤바인 개발을 위하여 시험용 수확기를 설계·제작하여 예취·건조된 팥을 대상으로 수확작업 성능을 분석하였다. 수확시험은 수확기의 엔진 회전속도 2000, 2400, 2800rpm, 작업속도 0.6, 1.0, 1.4m/s의 설정에 따라 수집 손실비율, 배진 손실비율 등 수확손실과 수 확된 곡물 품질로서 완전립 비율, 손상립 비율, 미탈곡립 비율, 이물질 비율을 분석하였으며, 작물 재배 폭과 작업속도를 고려한 이론작업능률을 계산·추정하였다. 시험기는 운전조건이 엔진 회전속도 2400rpm, 작업속도 1.0m/s일 때 가장 좋은 작업 성능을 보인 것으로 판단되며, 이 때 수집 손실비율 약 3.9%, 배진 손실비율 약 0.5%, 총 손실비율 약 4.4%, 완전립 비율 약 97.0%, 손상립 비율 약 1.8%, 미탈곡립 비율 약 0.0%, 이물질 비율 약 0.4%의 성능을 보여 국외 보통형 콤바인 보다 곡물 손 실이 적고, 수확 곡물의 품질도 높아 우수한 작업 성능을 보인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시험기는 팥의 수확시험 조건이 불량한 상태에서도 재배 폭이 약 2m인 3조 예취·건조 팥을 약 1.0m/s의 작업속도로 수집·탈곡할 수 있어서 이론 작업능률은 약 70a/h 정도일 것으로 판단되었다

This study was carried out to extract ginsenosides in by-products from honeyed red ginseng. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions. Based on D-optimal design, independent variables were ethanol (extraction solvent) concentration (30-90%, v/v), extraction temperature (25-70oC), and extraction time (5-11 h). Extraction yield (Y1) and total ginsenosides (Y2) in the extract were analyzed as dependent variables. Results found that extraction yield increased with increasing extraction temperature and time, whereas it was decreased with increasing ethanol concentration. Similar trends were found for the content of ginsenosides in the extracts, except for ethanol concentration, which was increased with increasing ethanol concentration. Regression equations derived from RSM were suggested to coincide well with the results from the experiments. The optimal extraction conditions for extraction yield and total ginsenosides were an extraction temperature of 56.94oC, ethanol concentration of 57.90%, and extraction time of 11 h. Under these conditions, extraction yield and total ginsenoside contents were predicted to be 84.52% and 9.54 mg/g, respectively.

This study was conducted to optimize the conditions of a sweet rice paste as a replacement of red bean paste recipe using the central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). Ten experimental recipes with two reference points (rice flour and sugar), were selected, and the physical and sensory characteristics of a sweet rice paste were measured. In the Rapid Visco Analyzer test, breakdown value was the highest in rice flour (105.73 RVU). Sweetness significantly increased with addition of sugar contents (p<0.0002) and viscosity increased with addition of rice flour contents (p<0.0185). Moisture contents decreased with increasing contents of rice flour and sugar, whereas yellowness and redness tend to increase. In the sensory evaluation test, quadratic models for color (p<0.01865), sweetness (p<0.0399), thickness (p<0.0073), and overall acceptability (p<0.0249) were approved as independent for the rice flour and sugar contents. In conclusion, the optimal mixing ratio of sweet rice paste was determined to be 45.38 g of rice flour and 77.95 g of sugar.

홍삼추출물(RGE)의 쓴맛을 개선하기 위해서 증숙시 초산 처리 후 α-, β-, γ-CD을 이용 해서 RGE의 포접화합물을 제조하여, 전자혀 분석을 통해서 RGE-γ-CD에 의한 쓴맛 개선효과가 가장 큰 것으로 확인하였다. 인삼의 열처리 공정에 있어 초산 처리는 Rg3 및 비극성 진세노사이드 성분 함량 을 증가시킴을 알 수 있었다. 전자혀를 이용하여 α, β, γ- CD 첨가량에 따른 쓴맛, 신맛, 짠맛, 우아 미맛 및 단맛을 분석하였다. 그 결과 RGE 대비 10%의 γ-CD를 첨가하여 포접한 REG가 다른 처리구 에 비해 쓴맛이 월등히 낮은 감응도를 나타내었다.

연구는 홍삼박 물추출물(RGW), 에탄올추출물(RGE), 1,3-B.G추출물(RGB)을 HPLC로 성 분 분석과 B16F10에 대한 세포생존율, 항산화능 및 주름개선 효능 평가를 실시하여 홍삼박 추출물의 화장품 소재로서의 응용가능성을 알아보았다.추출물의 HPLC 성분 분석 결과, 세 가지 추출물 모두 다양한 종류의 진세노사이드가 검출되었으며 그 중 RGB가 가장 많은 함량의 진세노사이드가 검출되었다. B16F10의 세포생존율 측정 결과, RGW와 RGB가 유사하며, RGE보다 높은 생존율을 보여주었다. DPPH radical 소거능 측정 결과 RGE>RGB>RGW 순으로 나타났으며 SOD유사활성능 측정 결과는 RGB>RGE>RGW순으로 활성능을 보여주었다. Elastase 저해능 측정 결과에서는 RGW>RGB>RGE 순으로 활성을 보였다. 위와 같은 결과 를 종합하여 볼 때 피부안전성이 우수하며 항산화 및 주름개선 화장품소재로서 RGW와 RGB가 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

식물 호르몬의 일종인 ABA의 처리가 사과 과피의 착색에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 착색이 시작되는 시기의 ‘Hongro’ 사과에 abscisic acid (ABA)와 ABA의 생합성 저해제인 fluridone (FD)을 처리한 뒤 과피의 색 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, ABA와 FD 처리에 의해 ‘Hongro’ 사과의 착색이 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 과피의 붉은 색을 나타내는 hunter a값이 처리 7일 후까지 처리 간에 차이가 없었다. 실제 과피의 안토시아닌 함량은 과피의 hunter a값의 변화와 같은 경향을 보이며 증가하였으며, ABA나 FD의 처리가 과피의 안토시아닌 축적에 영향을 주지 않았다. ABA의 처리 직후 과피의 내생 ABA함량이 급격히 증가하였고 처리 종료 시까지 높게 유지되었다. FD 처리구의 과피 내 ABA함량은 처리 6시간 후부터 대조구보다 낮아지다가, 처리 4일 후까지 지속적으로 감소하였다. ABA의 처리에 의해서 과피의 MdNCED2 (ABA 생합성 유전자)의 발현량이 증가하였고, MdACO1 (ethlyene 생합성 유전자) 및 안토시아닌 생합성 유전자 중 MdCHS와 MdDFR의 발현량이 증가하였다. 하지만 MdUFGT의 발현량은 ABA 처리에 의해서 변화가 없었다.

CdSe/CdZnS core/shell/lignad 구조를 가지는 red quantum dot을 발광층으로 사용하여 indium tin oxide(양전 극) glass위에 molybdeum oxide (MoO3), Poly(9-vinylcarbazole)(PVK), CdSe/CdZnS quantum dot, Zinc Oxide (ZnO)을 순차적으로 스핀코팅을 하고, aluminium(Al)(음전극)을 진공 열증착을 통해 다층구조를 제작하여 연구를 진 행하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 quantum dot의 PL peak는 625 nm으로 관찰되었다. 제작된 소자는 약 7 V에서 발광하 기 시작하였으며, 이를 소자의 turn-on voltage로 판단하였다. 인가전압이 증가할수록 소자의 전류밀도와 휘도의 지수 함수적 증가를 관찰할 수 있었다. EL 스펙트럼의 peak는 11 V에서 627 nm이다가, 최대 동작전압인 19 V에서는 630 nm로 red shift 하였다. 소자의 최대 밝기는 210 cd/m2, 최대 전류밀도는 33 mA/cm2, 최대 전류효율은 0.5 cd/A로 측 정되었다.

적색 K2SiF6:Mn4+ 형광체는 SiO2 in/HF/KMnO4H2O solution 용액의 산화환원 반응에 의해 합성된다. 이 형광체 는 450 nm 이하의 파장에서 여기되어 Mn4+의 2Eg → 4A2g에 의해 반치폭이 10 nm인 약 634 nm의 적색 빛을 발광한다. 입자의 크기는 약 5 ㎛이고 결정구조는 Fm-3m (225)의 공간군을 가지는 입방정계이다 (JCPDS85-1382). 온도의존 발광 스펙트럼에서는 약 175 ℃에서의 발광강도가 상온에서보다 66 %까지 감소하였다. 이 형광체는 청색 발광을 하는 InGaN LED에 의해 효과적으로 여기 될 수 있어서 녹색이나 황색 형광체와 함께 사용하여 연색지수가 높은 백색 LED를 만들 수 있다.

The National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science achieved the breeding of the moon cactus cultivar ‘Hahong’ with dark red color in 2013. Initially, the red dark colored 'Seolhong' and 'Gohong' cultivars were crossed in 2009. Their seeds were harvested after 2 months, sterilized by C2H5OH 70% and NaOCl 2%, and then sowed in 100 mL flasks filled with Kyoto medium + Charcoal 0.1%. The bottom of the germinated shoot was cut, grafted in vitro into a young vine cactus, Hylocereus trigonus, and then planted in a test tube with the same medium. After 6 months, the young grafted cactus was moved into the greenhouse and hardened for 7 days. The cactus was grafted in vivo once a year for four years, the characteristics of growth were surveyed three times from 2011 to 2013, according to the guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii. ‘Hahong’ has a flat round shape, dark red skin color (R 46B), an average of 8.3 ribs (8 – 10 ribs) similar to ‘Seolhong’. The spine on the body has gray and brown colors and grows up to 4.1 mm in average in a straight shape. The tubercle on the rib is projecting, with a diameter of 39.6 mm, and produces 14.2 offsets in average at 10 months from planting. The preference score for this cactus is 4.2 on a five-point scale. On June 1, 2015, ‘Hahong’ was registered (registration No. 5561) and is now protected by Korean Seed Industry Law.

We determined the effects of different water temperatures (15, 20, and 25℃) and photoperiod cycles (24L:0D, 12L:12D, and 0L:24D) on the oxygen consumption of the offspring of a cultured Japanese strain (JJ), a selected Korean strain (KK), and intraspecific hybrid strains (JK and KJ) of red seabream, Pagrus major, under starvation conditions. The different fish strains, water temperatures, and photoperiod cycles had effects on the mean oxygen consumption of fish. Oxygen consumption increased with increasing water temperatures for all photoperiod treatments (p <0.001). Fish held in continuous darkness (0L:24D) used consistently less oxygen than fish exposed to continuous light (p <0.05). The oxygen consumption of fish exposed to the light phase in a 12L:12D photoperiod was higher than that of fish in the dark phase of the 12L:12D cycle, and differences were significant in three of the strains: JJ (15℃), KK (15 and 20℃), and KJ (25℃). The oxygen consumption of the inbred (JJ and KK) and intraspecific hybrid (JK and KJ) strains varied with differing water temperatures and photoperiod cycles. The JK strain displayed significantly higher oxygen consumption than the other strains under all experimental conditions except 15℃ with a 0L:24D photoperiod. The JK and KJ strains usually showed the highest and lowest oxygen consumption values, respectively, whereas the inbred strains exhibited intermediate values. Oxygen consumption in the JJ and JK strains was usually higher than that of the KK and KJ strains. We propose that differences in the thermal sensitivity and photosensitization properties of the strains contribute to differences in their ability to adapt to changes in water temperature and photoperiod, thus resulting in differences in the amplitude of their metabolic rates.

The purpose of this study was to investigate alteration of chemical properties in red leaf lettuces(Lactuca sativa L.) exposed to digital music every day. The red leaf lettuces were cultivated in two hydroponic systems composed of two layers. In the first experiment, the red leaf lettuces with treatment were exposed to the digital music, while the lettuces under control condition were not exposed to the digital music. At harvest(6 weeks after planting), fresh weight and chlorophyll content were measured and compared the treatment with the control group. Subsequently, red leaf lettuces of the next experiment were compared to fresh weight, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content during different vegetation growth stages(4 weeks and 6 weeks after planting). The comparison of data for all experiment was also divided into upper and lower parts because of the difference of temperature in hydroponic systems. As a results, fresh weight and anthocyanin of the red leaf lettuces might be influenced by the difference of temperature variations. Chlorophyll of the red leaf lettuces was not easily influenced by digital music and difference of temperature. It was also shown that ascorbic acid as inactive molecule was not easily influenced by physical response like music.

Fe-based pigments have attracted much interest owing to their eco-friendliness. In particular, the color of nanosized pigments can be tuned by controlling their size and morphology. This study reports on the effect of length on the coloration of β-FeOOH pigments prepared using an NH4OH solution. First, rod-type β-FeOOH is prepared by the hydrolysis of FeCl3·6H2O and NH4OH. When the amount of NH4OH is increased, the length of the rods decreases. Thus, the length of the nanorods can be adjusted from 10 nm to 300 nm. The color of β-FeOOH changes from orangered to yellow depending on the length of β-FeOOH. The color and phase structure of β-FeOOH is characterized by UVvis spectroscopy, CIE Lab color parameter measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Ginsenosides are major constituents of ginseng and are known to be responsible for its pharmacological properties. This study aimed to investigate the detoxification effect of a mixture containing black red ginseng powder, red ginseng extract, Puerariae radix extract, and Hovenia dulcis extract, on SD (Sprague Dawley) rats treated with 30% ethanol. Thirty minutes before treatment, the animals were orally administered different concentrations of the mixture or water. Results revealed that the concentration of ethanol in blood serum was significantly decreased in the black red ginseng mixture treated group in a dose-dependent manner, as compared with that of the control group. The blood level of acetaldehyde increased until 1 hr after alcohol administration, but the levels rapidly decreased later. Furthermore, ADH and ALDH activities in the hepatic tissue were also increased in the black red ginseng mixture administered group, than in the control group. These results indicate that the black red ginseng mixture has the ability of decomposing alcohol by increasing the ADH and ALDH activities responsible for alcohol metabolism.

This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic distances and specific DNA makers by the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR method for the Korean native chickens(red plumage, red-line plumage, Ogol) and white leghorn. Genomic DNA was extracted from plumage from chickens after they were slaughtered. The extracted DNA was observed by nano-spectrometer. RAPD analysis was performed using 13 different primers. Statistical analysis was made for the estimation of the genetic distance among the chicken’s and the cluster tree was drawn by using MEGA 5.05 software. Genetic relations among them were determined by RAPD analysis. The polymorphic bands were observed 72% and the rest of 28% was monomorpic. The largest genetic distance (2.266) was found between the native chickens(red, red-line) and the ogol chickens by UPGMAP method and the closest distance was observed between the ogol in korean chickens as expected. The highest genetic distance between them was estimated 2.266 and in the dendrogram analysis, among I and II within cluster II, most of the ogol chickens were in IIB, indicating the expression of the ogol color could be due to original and the ancestral genetic crossing. Thus, this genetic distance can be useful as the differential genomic information in the normal(red plumage, red-line plumage) and ogol of korean native chickens. This work was supported by a grant from the “Livestock Preservation of Genetic Resources", Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study was to analyze variations in the vehicle driving behavior characteristics on signalized intersections according to the use of traffic enforcement camera (red light camera). METHODS: In order to analyze the driving behavior characteristics on signalized intersections when red light camera are installed, the target sites for investigation were selected depending on whether the red light camera is installed and accident rates increased after the installation. In particular, to analyze the characteristics of dilemma zones in signalized intersections, approach speed and deceleration speed of 3 type vehicles (passing vehicles during a yellow light, stopping at a yellow light, passing vehicles during a green light) were examined. Based on these data, the starting point, ending point, and distance of the dilemma zones were calculated. Also, the locations of increased traffic accidents and decreased accidents after the installation of the equipment were distinguished when analyzing the traffic accident characteristics. RESULTS : Analysis results revealed that there was a tendency for the dilemma zone distance to decrease after the installation of equipment(red light camera) in most sites. This tendency was found to be due to the decrease in the approaching speed of vehicles at intersections after the installation of equipment, resulting in the starting and ending points of dilemma zone to become closer to the stop line. Moreover, analysis showed that the number of traffic accidents decreased for most intersections after the installation of equipment and safety of the intersections increased somewhat. CONCLUSIONS : In general, installation of equipment(red light camera) caused the intersections approaching speed and dilemma zone distance to decrease. Decision-making is difficult for drivers in the dilemma zone, so the decrease in the dilemma zone distance implies an improvement in traffic safety. Furthermore, the number of accidents within intersections significantly decreased after the equipment was installed, leading to the conclusion that installation of the equipment affected the decrease in traffic accidents.