As nuclear power plants are operated in Korea, low and intermediate-level radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuels are continuously generated. Due to the increase in the amount of radioactive waste generated, the demand for transportation of radioactive wastes in Korea is increasing. This can have radiological effect for public and worker, risk assessment for radioactive waste transportation should be preceded. Especially, if the radionuclides release in the ocean because of ship sinking accident, it can cause internal exposure by ingestion of aquatic foods. Thus, it is necessary to analyze process of internal exposure due to ingestion. The object of this study is to analyze internal exposure by ingestion of aquatic foods. In this study, we analyzed the process and the evaluation methodology of internal exposure caused by aquatic foods ingestion in MARINRAD, a risk assessment code for marine transport sinking accidents developed by the Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). To calculate the ingestion internal exposure dose, the ingestion concentrations of radionuclides caused by the food chain are calculated first. For this purpose, MARINRAD divide the food chain into three stages; prey, primary predator, and secondary predator. Marine species in each food chain are not specific but general to accommodate a wide variety of global consumer groups. The ingestion concentrations of radionuclides are expressed as an ingestion concentration factors. In the case of prey, the ingestion concentration factors apply the value derived from biological experiments. The predator's ingestion concentration factors are calculated by considering factors such as fraction of nuclide absorbed in gut, ingestion rate, etc. When calculating the ingestion internal exposure dose, the previously calculated ingestion concentration factor, consumption of aquatic food, and dose conversion factor for ingestion are considered. MARINRAD assume that humans consume all marine species presented in the food chain. Marine species consumption is assumed approximate and conservative values for generality. In the internal exposure evaluation by aquatic foods ingestion in this study, the ingestion concetration factor considering the food chain, the fraction of nuclide absorbed in predator’s gut, ingestion rate of predator, etc. were considered as influencing factors. In order to evaluate the risk of maritime transportation reflecting domestic characteristics, factors such as domestic food chains and ingestion rate should be considered. The result of this study can be used as basis for risk assessment for maritime transportation in Korea.

This study was conducted to explore the change in the market issues on HMR (Home Meal Replacements) using local foods after the COVID-19 outbreak. Online text data were collected from internet news, social media posts, and web documents before (from January 2016 to December 2019) and after (from January 2020 to November 2022) the COVID- 19 outbreak. TF-IDF analysis showed that ‘Trend’, ‘Market’, ‘Consumption’, and ‘Food service industry’ were the major keywords before the COVID-19 outbreak, whereas ‘Wanju-gun’, ‘Distribution’, ‘Development’, and ‘Meal-kit’ were main keywords after the COVID-19 outbreak. The results of topic modeling analysis and categorization showed that after the COVID-19 outbreak, the ‘Market’ category included ‘Non-face-to-face market’ instead of ‘Event,’ and ‘Delivery’ instead of ‘Distribution’. In the ‘Product’ category, ‘Marketing’ was included instead of ‘Trend’. Additionally, in the ‘Support’ category, ‘Start-up’ and ‘School food service’ appeared as new topics after the COVID-19 outbreak. In conclusion, this study showed that meaningful change had occurred in market issues on HMR using local foods after the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, governments should take advantage of such market opportunity by implementing policy and programs to promote the development and marketing of HMR using local foods.

본 연구는 소설 󰡔완득이󰡕를 통해 장애인, 결혼이주여성, 다문화가족 등 한국사회에서 소외될 수밖에 없 는 사회적 조건들을 가진 완득이네 가족이 정체성을 회복하면서 사회로 나오는 과정을 살펴보고 있다. 장애 인 아버지, 결혼이주여성인 베트남 어머니, 혼혈아(본인) 등의 이유로 완득이는 친한 친구도 없이 심리적으 로 혼자 숨어 지내고 있다. 이러한 완득이를 담임인 이동주 선생이 수시로 이름을 불러 밖으로 나오게 만든 다. 완득이의 가정이 완전체를 향해 가는 과정은 완득이가 먹는 음식을 통해 나타난다. 완득이가 평소 주식 처럼 먹었던 라면과 즉석밥은 공장에서 만들어진 간편식으로, 불완전한 식사인 동시에 완득이의 불완전한 가족 상태를 의미한다. 담임의 주선으로 어머니를 만나게 되고, 그 후 어머니가 해준 반찬도시락은 절반의 완전함이었다. 어머니와 아버지가 해후한 후 이웃과 함께 폐닭 백숙을 먹으면서 완전한 가족의 모습을 구현 한다. 폐닭 백숙은 아버지의 인생을 상징하는 한편, 온 가족이 함께 먹는 첫 번째 식사였다는 점에서 의미를 지닌다. 이 자리에서 완득이가 ‘어머니’라고 공개적으로 말함으로써 완득이의 가족은 완전체가 된다. 또한 완득이는 적성에 맞는 킥복싱을 배우며 타인과 소통하고 세상에 나갈 준비를 한다. 이같은 논의들을 통해 본 연구는 소설 󰡔완득이󰡕가 우리사회의 주변부 인물들이 자신들의 정체성을 확인하고 탐색하는 작품임을 보여주었다.

본 연구는 코덱스 식품분류에 포함된 식물성 가공식품 에 대해 그 원료식품에 대한 코덱스 식품원료 분류 정보 (그룹 및 subgroup)와 국내 식품원료 분류 포함 여부를 파 악하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구 결과를 간략히 요약하면 다 음과 같다. 첫째 코덱스 주요 가공식품 그룹별로 코덱스 분류 내용을 가공식품 그룹(분류 코드의 수/원료식품이 포 함되는 식품원료 그룹 수/식품원료 분류에 포함되지 않은 원료식품의 수)로 보면, 건조 과일류(46/8/0), 건조 채소류 (76/11/1), 건조 허브류(54/4/12), 곡류 도정 가공품(36/1/0), 차(19개 코드, 가공식품으로만 분류), 식물성 조제유(17/4/ 3), 식물성 정제유(34/8/9), 과일 주스(20/8/0), 채소 주스(3/ 2/0)로 나타났다. 둘째 국내 식품원료 분류에 포함되어 있 지 않은 원료식품의 수는 건조 과일류 9종, 건조 채소류 14종, 건조 허브류 35종, 곡류 도정 가공품 0종, 차 6종, 식물성 조제유 3종, 식물성 정제유 9종, 과일 주스 2종, 채 소 주스 0종이었다. 셋째 코덱스와 국내 식품 분류에 차 이를 보이는 코코넛(코덱스는 열대과일뿐만 아니라 견과 로도 분류), 올리브(유지종실뿐만 아니라 열대과일로도 분 류) 그리고 코덱스 분류에서 특이점을 보이는 건조 고추( 향신료로 분류, 건조채소류로 분류하지 않음), 토마토 주 스(원료식품은 채소류, 주스는 과일주스로 분류), 생강(잎 은 식품원료 분류에 포함되어 있지 않으나 뿌리줄기는 향 신료에 포함)과 같은 식품에 대해 코덱스 식품 분류를 활 용하는 데 주의가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 유통 중인 곡류 87건 및 그 가공식품 66건을 대상으로 발암물질인 무기비소의 오염도를 조사하였다. 높 은 분리능과 감도를 가진 HPLC-ICP/MS를 이용하여 무기 비소 As(III), As(V) 및 유기비소 MMA, DMA, AsB, AsC 를 분석했으며, ICP/MS로 총비소를 정량하였다. 모든 곡 류에서 무기비소가 검출되었으며, 곡류의 총비소는 약 70- 85%의 무기비소와 약 10-20%의 DMA로 구성되었다. 곡 류 분석 결과, 담수재배 종인 쌀과 흑미에서 높았고, 밭 재배 잡곡은 오염도가 낮았다. 쌀의 평균 무기비소 농도 는 쌀눈 0.160 mg/kg, 현미 0.135 mg/kg, 백미 0.083 mg/ kg으로 외피에 비소가 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 곡류 가 공식품은 원재료의 종류와 함량에 따라 무기비소 농도가 달랐으며, 현미와 쌀눈 가공 제품에서 검출량이 많았다. 모든 시료는 기준규격을 초과하지 않았지만, 섭취 빈도가 높으므로 식품 안전을 위해 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Although probiotics have been shown to improve health when consumed, recent studies have reported that they can cause unwanted side effects due to bacterial-human interactions. Therefore, the importance of prebiotics that can form beneficial microbiome in the gut has been emphasized. This study isolated and identified bacteria capable of producing biopoymer as a candidate prebiotic from traditional fermented foods. The isolated and identified strain was named WCYSK01 (Wissella sp. strain YSK01). The composition of the medium for culturing this strain was prepared by dissolving 3 g K2HPO4, 0.2 g MgSO4, 0.05 g CaCl2, 0.1 g NaCl in 1 L of distilled water. The LMBP(low molecular weight biopoymers) produced when fermentation was performed with sucrose and maltose as substrates were mainly consisted of DP3 (degree of polymer; isomaltotriose), DP4 (isomaltotetraose), DP5 (isomaltopentaose), and DP6 (isomaltoheptaose). The optimization of LMBP (low molecular weight of biopolymer) production was performed using the response surface methodology. The fermentation process temperature range of 18 to 32oC, the fermentation medium pH in the range of 5.1 to 7.9. The yield of LMBP production by the strain was found to be significantly affected by q fermentation temperature and pH. The optimal fermentation conditions were found at the normal point, and the production yield was more than 75% at pH 7.5 and temperature of 23oC.

Antioxidants are food additives that extend the shelf life of food products by preventing lipid rancidity caused by active oxygen. They can either be naturally-derived or manufactured synthetically via chemical synthesis. In this study, method validation of five synthetic antioxidants, namely butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, tertiary butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, was performed using a high performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet visible detector, and the method applicability was evaluated by analyzing foods containing antioxidants. The coefficient of determination (R2) average was 0.9997, while the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.02–0.53 and 0.07–1.61 mg/kg, respectively. The intra and inter-day accuracies and precisions were 83.2±0.7%–98.7±2.1% and 0.1%–5.7% RSD, respectively. Inter-laboratory validation for accuracy and precision was conducted using the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme quality control material. The results satisfied the guidelines presented by the AOAC International. In addition, the expanded uncertainty was less than 16%, as recommended by CODEX. Consequently, to enhance public health safety, the results of this study can be used as basis data for evaluating the intake of synthetic antioxidants and assessing their risks in Korea.

This study aims to investigate protein consumption market trends in Korea. Protein consumption was divided according to the protein source into meat, fishery, and plant-based protein. To accomplish the goal of this study, food purchase data from 525 households panels collected by the Rural Development Administration over the last 10 years were used. The results of the study showed an increase or decrease in protein consumption by protein type over the last 10 years, and a reason to explain this change has been suggested. Specifically, this study found a dramatic increase in the consumption of several proteins, including beef sirloin, beef tenderloin, seasoned beef & steak, pork belly, pork shoulder, pork neck, seasoned pork, pork cutlet, sweet and sour pork, canned ham, chicken drumstick, chicken breast, dak gangjeong, Chinese fried chili chicken, salmon, eel, abalone, squid, octopus, webfoot octopus, octopus minor, canned whelk, tofu, cold bean soup,and plant-based milk. Some items showed no increase in consumption (such as beef jerky, pork rib, sausage, bacon, whole raw chicken, cutlass fish, oyster, fish cake, crab stick, surimi sausage,and canned fishery), whereas a few items showed decreased consumption (e.g., mackerel, pollack, cod,and canned tuna)

This study identifies the perceptions and choice attributes toward plant-based foods and identifies the differences between vegetarians and omnivores. We conducted an online survey of 245 vegetarians and 246 omnivores. The results reveal a significant difference between vegetarians and omnivores. Compared to omnivores, vegetarians perceived that plant-based food products would be ‘good taste’, ‘animal-friendly’, and ‘consistent with their personal value’. Omnivore scores were higher in the perception that it would be ‘good for health’ and ‘environment-friendly’. No statistically significant difference was obtained between both diet groups when considering the factor of nutrition. When considering choice as an attribute for plant-based food products, vegetarians responded that ‘ingredients’ were the most important, while omnivores responded that ‘taste’ was the most important. These results can be used as basic data for developing and promoting plantbased food products in South Korea.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative change in the joint that causes damage to the articular cartilage, resulting in overexpression of inflammatory cytokine in the damaged chondrocytes, which leads to damage to the articular cartilage and is completely treated with antibiotics. We recovered the damage to the articular cartilage caused by osteoarthritis and investigated the effect of a low-molecular-weight collagen-based functional material without side effects. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of YB in a monosodium idoacetate(MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. The experimental groups were divided with 5groups (n = 12) of SD rat: normal control(NC), MIA, MIA+L. plantarum (3×1011 CFU/ml), MIA+collagen and MIA+YB-21. Histological examinations indicated that YB-21 cartilage structure change, cartilage cell damage, and the loss of proteoglycan induced by MIA. Moreover, YB-21 reduced serum level expressions of, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), Interleukin6(IL-6), Interleukin1β(IL-1 β), Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1). These results suggest that YB has a positive effect on osteoarthritis by restoring joint cartilage and anti-inflammatory effects due to the reaction of osteoarthritis in the MIA-induced rat.

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the importance and satisfaction of consumer selective attributes by home meal replacement (HMR) types using local ingredients. This study was conducted from December 4 to December 8, 2020. A total of 380 responses organized according to preferred types of HMR (100 for Ready to Eat (RTE), 92 for Ready to Heat (RTH), 88 for Ready to Cook (RTC), 100 for Ready to Prepared (RTP) were used for the final analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted by descriptive analysis, paired t-test, and importance-satisfaction analysis by HMR type. Findings of this study showed significant differences in consumer selective attributes by HMR type. RTE and RTC need to improve quality while RTH needs to improve quality and packaging. Notable selective attributes were quality, packaging, and information. They were located in different quadrants of each HMR type. All other attributes appeared in the same quadrant. Further research is needed to determine differences in quality, packaging, and information for each HMR type. Results of this study provide basic data for developing products and marketing strategies for each type of HMR products using local ingredients.

평균연령의 증가에 따른 인구고령화는 현대사회의 공통적 당면과제이며, 이에 따른 퇴행성 근감소증의 발생 및 증가는 이에 대한 새로운 해결책을 요구한다. 근감소증은 단백질의 불균형 및 운동부족, 염증 증가 등 다양한 요소에 의해 발생하므로, 과학적 원인분석을 통한 다각도적 접근이 필요하다. 이는 식품산업의 새로운 블루오션을 창조 할 수 있으나, 현재 국내의 근감소증 개선 식품성분에 관한 연구는 태동 단계라고 할 수 있다. 제품 개발 현황의 경우 단백질을 이용한 제품이 대다수인 반면, 미국의 경우 단백질 유래 원료뿐만 아니라 현미, 갈조류, 사과껍질 등 식물 유래 원료를 이용하여 다양한 제품을 출시하고 있다. 또한, 근감소증 개선 효과가 있는 원료에 대한 특허 출원 은 증가하는 추세지만, 지표성분에 대한 연구는 아직 미비하다. 국내와 비교했을 때 미국을 비롯한 국외 학계 및 산업계는 비교적 많은 연구와 개발을 이루고 있다. 하지만 제품의 소재가 주로 대두단백 및 유청단백 등에만 국한되어 있으며, 운동보조제 위주의 접근으로 인해 제형의 한계가 존재하는 상황이다. 따라서, 근감소증을 개선할 수 있는 다양한 과학적 기작 연구와 함께 소재개발을 통하여 식품 산업의 새로운 시장을 열어갈 선구적 연구가 필요하다.

This study analyzed the nutritional composition (proximate composition, total dietary fiber, calories, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids) of 10 noodle products (tteok ramyun, jjamppong ramyun, kimchi ramyun, instant udon, cup ramyun, jajangmyun, bibimmyun, cream spaghetti, ssalguksu, and milmyun), which account for 85% of the cumulative intake of one or more key nutrients, using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The moisture contents of bibimmyun, jajangmyun, and cream spaghetti were lower than those of the other noodle products, whereas the crude fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, and calorie contents were the highest. Cream spaghetti had the highest mineral, fatty acid, and amino acid contents, followed by bibimmyun and jajangmyun. Ssalguksu had the lowest contents of most nutrients. These data could be used to populate a food composition database, which can provide consumers with the nutritional information about frequently consumed noodle products.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon and rectum with intervals of acute exacerbation. Its etiology remains unknown, although recent studies suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines initiate the inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of YB-21 (new product containining Lactobacillus plantarum, Barley Bran and Nymphaeaceae) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups (n = 10) of ICR mice: normal control(NC), DSS-treated(PC, positive control), DSS+latic-L-treated (3×107CFU/ml), DSS+latic-M-treated (3×109CFU/ml), DSS+latic-H-treated (3×1011CFU/ml), and DSS+YB-21-treated. Histological examinations indicated that YB-21 suppressed edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of crypts induced by DSS. Moreover, YB-21 reduced serum level expressions of, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These results suggest that YB-21 has an anti-colitic effect by the suppression of intestinal inflammatory responses in DSS-induced colitis in mice.