Currently, the number of a shopping center building is increasing because most people want to go a shopping center building easily for buying many things and eating some foods. That are a normal trend these days. However, the increasing number of shopping center buildings has been increasing the number of shopping center building fires which also have been making social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted for the fire department connection among other fire facilities because it is important for fire suppression. The research subject is on the fire department connections that are on 70 shopping center buildings of more than 5 years old constructed. Survey and analysis were conducted for 70 fire department connections. The result of this study is that all installed fire department connections have a type that includes one or two holes each at 65mm wide, and the average distance between fire department connections and access roads is 4.85m. The total average percentage of insufficiency conditions such as drive ways for fire trucks, visibility, accessibility, pressure range sign, installed height, cover of the hole, etc. is 45.3%. So improvement of law and systems, that are fire facility construction and maintenance implementations, will be needed in my opinion.

주민등록 인구가 현저히 감소되고 있음에도 지역여건을 고려하지 않는 운영보조금의 배정 및 획일적 프로그램 운영 등에 아쉬움을 남기고 있다. 현재 청소년들이 처한 환경은 입시 위주의 성적 제일주의로 학교 부적응과 학교중단 사유 등이 증가하고 있는 추세에 있다. 또한 가족구조가 변화하고 있어 조손, 다 문화, 소년소녀 가장 등이 늘고 있고 청소년 문제를 야기하고 있는 이들에게 상담과 치유를 동반하는 청 소년수련관은 건전한 육성과 균형 있는 성장을 지원할 수 있는 터전이고 수련 거리를 갖춘 시설로서의 목 적 수행과 청소년수련관 이용자 서비스 향상을 위해 운영하고 있다, 본 연구는 청소년들이 다양한 체험활 동과 청소년의 건전한 육성 발전과 균형 있는 성장을 위해 청소년수련관 운영 실태를 분석한 결과 나타난 문제점으로는 재정이 열악하고 전문 청소년지도사의 인력 부족 및 고용의 불안정, 청소년의 욕구에 부합 한 프로그램의 미흡하며, 청소년 이용 시 불편과 인지도가 낮은 편으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 청소년수련 관 이용자 서비스 만족도 향상을 위해서는 첫째로, 지역사회가 요구하는 욕구조사와 이를 토대로 창의적 이고 혁신적인 지역특성에 맞는 프로그램 개발이 선행되어야 하고, 둘째로, 청소년 지도사 들의 직업적 전문적 안정을 위해서는 신분보장과 더불어 급여체계를 복시시설 종사자와 동일하게 하되 호봉체계를 3호 봉~15호봉으로 조정하여 현실화가 필요하다. 이는 직업의 안정과 고용불안을 줄여 생동감 있는 직장으 로 변화되어야 만 한다. 셋째로, 재정운영에 관한 사항으로 법인 전입금의 철저한 지도감독과 수련관 수탁 운영 시 운영계획 안을 실행 여부를 준수할 수 있도록 정기적 지도감독이 선행되어야 하고 이를 위해서는 자립형과 지원형 의 목적 사업 비율을 철저하게 준용함과 동시 평가에서도 인센티브 제도를 도입하여 운영보조금 차등 지 급 등으로 경쟁력을 제고 할 필요가 있다.

Currently the forest area is 6,370,000 hectare (ha) which occupies 63.7% in Korea. The forest has good functions such as production of forest products, conservation of national land, prevention of disasters, etc. However constructing houses near the forest area make bad situation like illegal waste incineration by resident. So research subject is forest fire caused by waste incineration place including facility. And this study was conducted about statistical analysis and research analysis of the 100 waste incineration places including facilities at the country town. Statistical analysis shows that March is 27% which percentage is the highest number of forest fire in 10 years’ average. The number of forest fire caused by waste incineration is 45 which is the third highest number in the fire statistic. The distance between waste incineration place including facility and forest area is 30m, 40m and 50m. That 40m (36%) is the most common distance from forest area. The types of waste incineration are ground (62%), the temporary facility made with oil drum can (35%) and other made with steel sheet, concrete, etc. The result of this study is that government and local government must conduct the improvement measure to reduce illegal incineration such as waste pickup area made with rain and wind proof type installed near residence, expenses for waste treatment, enlightenment and training, etc. Also considering their age and income are needed for realistic improvement.

This study attempted to help determine Korean fishery policies by proposing improvement plans after examining the current regulations, fishing vessels, fishing gear and fishing methods of the middle sized trawl fishery in the East Sea for targeting only squid. In general, the size, engine horse power, and net length of the middle sized trawlers are between 50 and 60 GT, 1,200 and 1,600 PS, and approximately 165 m with four seamed trawl nets, respectively. While a jigging vessel attracted squids using lights, the trawler approached a jigging vessel. The trawler let the jigging vessel know its decision for fishing, and then jigging vessel rolled up jigs. The net of the trawler was casted at 45 degrees between the bow and the stern of the jigging vessel. Once the trawler towed close to the stern of the jigging vessel upon its passing of the jigging vessel, the bow of the trawler turned 45 degrees left again. Then, squid aggregations were entered into the net. When the cod end was passed a light vessel, the trawler hoisted the net up to the otter board. Then the trawler turned 180 degrees. It repeated three to five times of fishing operations as the previous method. We recommend that the regulations allow nineteen side trawlers to catch like stern trawler, as well as the cooperative trawler and jigging vessel operations.

This study was carried out to improve the performance of sewer trenchless entire repair method by using the multifunctional safety high-pressure hose. Because the flexural strength and flexing modulus of elasticity increased in the range from 60℃ to 80℃ of the setting temperature, the unform quality was secured to satisfy the standard quality and consolidate the strength, by supplying steam to the entire sewer through the safety high-pressure hose simultaneously. After the steam was supplied, the temperature of the condensate water with a large amount occurred , compared with a small amount, was very low. So, the setting time was shorter over than one hour by reducing the unsatisfied cure state and excluding the condensate water. The standard quality increased by approximately 15% at upper, central, and lower points of the same sewer was gained from the test result of CIPP(cured in place pipes) constructed at the optimum setting temperature. The steam and air were supplied evenly to the sewer by controlling the safety high-pressure hose in the tense and relaxed state and by using the exclusive function of condensate water. The availability and safety for the constructed process were achieved.

항내 정온도 평가는 이상파 및 평상파 조건에 대해 수행이 되어야 하나, 어항개발 시 이루어지는 평가는 이상파에 대해서만 수행되고 있다. 축산항, 교암항, 궁평항 및 시산항에 대한 사례를 통해 해역이용협의 시 정온도 평가에 대한 실태를 분석하였다. 대상항 모두 이상파에 대한 항내 정온도를 평가를 수행하였으나, 목표 정온도를 만족하지 못하였다. 평상파에 대한 정온도는 가동률로 평가하며, 가동률을 평가하기 위해서는 장기간의 파랑관측이 필요하나 수행되지 않고 있었다. 가동률에 대한 평가는 계획의 적정성과 관련 있는 평가항목이기 때문에 개발로 인한 해양환경에 미치는 악영향을 최소화할 수 있는 계획의 수립과 어업인들의 정주환경 개선을 평가하기 위해서는 수행이 필요하다. 정온도 평가를 위해서는, 정온도 평가에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 하고, 장기간의 파랑관측이 수행되어야 하며, 평상파 및 이상파에 대한 평가절차를 명확히 해야 한다. 그리고 실효적인 계획이 수립될 수 있도록 조석정보와 같은 파랑정보의 제공 및 정온도를 평가할 수 있는 가이드라인의 수립이 필요하다.

건설과 같은 전문 소송에서는 감정인의 참여가 필수적이다. 감정인은 무엇보다 실체적 진 실 발견을 위한 전문성과 기술력을 갖추어야 한다. 하지만 건설감정에 대해 증명력이 부족 하고 감정결과의 부실을 우려하는 목소리도 높다. 이러한 우려에도 불구하고 그 동안 감정 방법의 구조적 특성으로 인해 발생하는 각종 문제점에 대한 고민이 부족했다. 이 연구에서는 감정의 문제점에 대한 진단의 초점을 감정절차나 기준이 아닌 감정 방법에 맞추어 보고자 한다. 이를 통해 그동안 놓치고 있었던 감정의 과정과 방법에 대해 구체적 으로 분석하고 문제점의 실체를 파악한 후 효과적인 개선방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이제 건설감정의 현장조사 기법은 정보화를 통해 디지털 정보로 구현되어야 할 것이다. 감 정업무 또한 표준화를 통한 더욱 효율적이고 전문적인 감정 수행 방식으로 정착되어야 한 다. 이를 위해 표준 감정내역서식과 업무 방식이 보급되고 개발되어야 할 것이다. 감정 방 법의 정보화는 전자소송 시대의 필연적인 흐름이라고 할 수 있다.

A fire sprinkler system is very important to extinguish fire in the building. The sprinkler system initiates sprinkler discharge if the detection system identifies a developing fire and opens the pre-action valve. However, pre-action fire sprinkler systems mainly installed in the underground parking lot at the apartment complex do not properly operate at fire if the connection type of fire sprinkler systems does not properly installed and operated. This study identified the relationship between fire dispersion & damage and the connection type of water supply in the sprinkler system from many fire cases at the apartment complex in South Korea. In addition, this study also identified the water supply differences and characteristics between South Korea and foreign countries. The main purpose of this study is also to improve the water connection types in the sprinkler system that can reduce the potential failures of pre-action valve operation through electrical signal system. The study also suggests the improvement plan for water connection types in pre-action fire sprinkler system that can minimize potential failure of pre-action fire sprinkler system. The suggestions for revising the fire safe standard in South Korea includes letting the water supply pipe of sprinkler system water inlet connect to the second side of pre-action valve and the water flow device that can minimize potential failure of sprinkler system.

콩나물과 같은 고섬유질 야채류의 동결건조 후 조직감 개선을 위한 전처리 방법을 연구한 결과 예비 열처리와 하 이드로콜로이드 및 당 용액 침지를 조합, 적용시 건조 후 조직수축이 개선되고 복원력이 향상 되었다. 100oC의 0.5%(w/w) 염화나트륨 용액에서 2분간 예비열처리한 다음 0.5% 알긴산나트륨과 1.0% 슈크로오스을 첨가한 상온의 용액에서 60분 교반 침지시 열수 복원 후 전반맛, 식감, 외관 등의 관능 품질이 100oC 물에서 1분간 예비 열처리 한 시료 보다 1.6점이나 더 우수하여 큰 개선 효과를 나타 내었으며, 기계적 측정치에서는 전처리 콩나물 줄기의 경 도값이 0.27 kgf로 가정 조리식의 0.26 kgf와 거의 근접한 수치를 보였다. 이러한 전처리 공정을 대파, 쑥갓, 고사리 등의 다양한 고섬유질 동결건조 야채류에 적용시 관능품질 및 복원력이 향상될 것으로 기대되므로 산업화에서 적용 가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다.

화학기상증착법(CVD)을 이용하여 Cu-foil 위에 합성된 대면적의 단층 그래핀(Graphene)을 폴리머 탄성융합체 PDMS(Polydimethylsiloxane)를 이용하여 건식으로 전사하는 기술을 연구하였다. 이 때, UV/O3처리를 통해 목표 기판(target substrate)의 표면 개질을 변화시켜 그래핀의 손상이 최소화되로록 그래핀을 전사하였다. 이 과정을 반복 실행하여 그래핀을 다층(1∼4 layers)으로 SiO2/Si기판 위에 적층하였으며, 전사된 다층 그래핀의 품질평가를 위하여 광투과율과 면저항의 변화를 측정하였다.

It developed 836 units on the classification of KECO. But. Actual companies do not take advantage of improvements in job competency and production processes. This study is improved manufacturing industry production process use to developed the national competency standards(NCS). After we finds process problems, develop production process improvement method.

The paper is to estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for tap water quality improvement in Busan, using parametric approach in contingent valuation method(CVM). For parametric approach linear logit model and log logit model are employed in double-bounded dichotomous choice format of CVM. For the reliability and the validity of contingent valuation method a survey was conducted for 665 respondents, who were sampled by stratified random sampling method, by personal interview method. The result of mean WTP for the tap water quality improvement in Busan was estimated to be 3,687 won and 3,660 won per month per household, while median WTP being 1,884 won and 1,892 won per month per household, respectively by linear logit model and log logit model. Provided that our sample is broadly representative of the Busan’s population, an estimate of the annual aggregated benefit of residential water improvement for all Busan households is approximately 29.7 billion won to 29.8 billion won based on median WTP.

NCS(National Competency Standards) is made by HRDKorea for real company, education, training and qualifications under the current government of national issues. It developed 836 units on the classification of KECO. But. Actual companies do not take advantage of improvements in job competency and production processes. This study is redesigned a real company production process use to some developed the NCS standards. After we finds some process problems and then searches the improve methods on analysis the problems.

The government expands its investment on R&D programs for economic growth, thus there is growing attention on the result of R&D Programs. This study proposes more improved measuring method for efficiency when the number of R&D programs is not enough to be for measuring efficiency analysis. It provides more various application method of factors on efficiency analysis. This study analyzes the influence of each input factor on efficiency by using partial efficiency concept. And it also determines input factors in similar influence throughout Spearman correlation coefficient. Finally, it suggests new method to improve discriminatory power of efficiency analysis by determining representative factors. Also, the proposed method can be practiced not only for national R&D programs, but also for other fields of research.

The government expands its investment on R&D programs for economic growth, thus there are growing attention on the result of R&D programs. However, our existing research is in the circumstance of only measuring efficiency, but not reflecting unique characteristics of R&D programs. In this study, it provides more developed method for efficiency analysis in national R&D programs by using partial efficiency concept and measuring influence of input factors. It analyzes the influence of each input factor on efficiency by using partial efficiency concept. And it also determines input factors in similar influence throughout Spearman correlation coefficient. Finally, it suggests new method to improve discriminatory power of efficiency analysis by determining representative factors.

In this study, current sewer infiltration/Inflow(I/I) computation and application method was examined about improvement and adequacy relating to the main issues raised by the field for practitioners. The results of review about infiltration calculation method were considered to be in need of improvement at‘standards of minimum sewage calculation’. Furthermore, the results of review about I/I application method were considered to be in need of improvement at‘standards of seasonal infiltration application’and‘the relative decrease in the Annual evaluation standards’. In addition, annual I/I analysis at JC County for the four years(2009 ～ 2012) in respect of operation flow and rainfall data was conducted. The result of annual infiltration analysis, compared average daily sewage generated average infiltration rate was found in 21.95 %, infiltration by unit was found in 0.31 m3/day/cm/km and 0.12 m3/day/day, respectively. The result of annual inflow analysis, average rainfall - Inflow equations was found y = 5.499x(R2 0.793), and the average Inflow quantity by sewer extension was predicted to 0.66 m3/mm-km.

The present study was conducted to compare on embryo survival rates by blastomere isolation methods, and establish the optimal PCR procedure for perform the sexing of bovine blastocysts produced by IVF. IVF embryos used in the study was used the Bisected or Sliced methods for blastomere isolation, and the survival rates of blastocyst with rapid way of sexing PCR was assessed. In the present study for survival rates in blastocyst was the total cleavage rate was 75% and a blastocyst development among cleaved embryos was 40%. Survival rate of embryos treated with intact, bisected or sliced method was 100, 63.3 or 81.3%, respectively. Therefore, survival rate of embryos treated with sliced method was higher compared to that of embryos treated with bisected method. The sexing rate of female or male was not significantly different between S4BFBR primer and BSY + BSP primer (1.75 : 1 vs. 1.43 : 1), respectively. Because of the PCR amplification using the S4BFBR primer was simpler method than multiplex PCR amplification method. Furthermore, the accuracy of sexing rate and reduction of PCR work time between 2-step and 3-step of PCR methods was 98.0% / 1.5 hr and 97.0% / 3.5 hr, respectively. Based on these results, it can be suggested that the sliced and PCR methods we developed was very effective method to reduce time consuming and procedure of PCR amplification for sexing with the increase of survival rate on the blastocyst.

A number of middle and high school students are selected at the Korea Astronomy Olympiad (KAO) in every year. In the first stage of the selection, the resume, school transcript, and recommendation letters from teachers are referred. In the second stage, after video lectures and weekend observation classes, students are tested with on-line homeworks, and interviewed through internet. For 118 students who have gone through the second stage of the 2012 KAO, we have conducted a questionnaire survey, which asks the students the motivation and preparation for the KAO. The survey has also included inquiries for the selection process and education program of the 2012 KAO; the replies will be used as feedbacks for the next year's KAO. The survey has revealed that the first stage worked well, while the second stage needs to be improved in terms of fairness and objectivity. We have found that most students received private tutorings for the KAO, so we suggest efforts should be made for students to be able to prepare the KAO without receiving private tutorings.