This study was performed to investigate the effects of enhanced light transmission on plant growth, photosynthetic ability, and disease tolerance to leaf blight, anthracnose in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Araliacease family) during the early growth stage (April to June). The photosynthetic ratio, stomatal conductance, and stem diameter of plants grown under a shade net with 15% light transmission rate showed an increasing trend compared to the control plants (5% light transmission rate) although the growth of the aerial parts were not influenced significantly. Plant height, stem length, and leaf length of treated plants were not significantly different from those of the control plants. Root parameters, such as root length, diameter, and weight of treated plants increased significantly compared to the control. Yield performance (187.4 ㎏• 10 a−1) of treated plants was 55.5% higher than that of the control (150.4 ㎏• 10 a−1). Additionally, disease severity scores of treated plants were lower than those of the control plants, revealing higher survival rates. To retain high yield potential and enhance the level of disease tolerance in ginseng, we suggest the increase of light transmission rate during the early growth stage.

한국 경제의 비약적인 발전은 1960년대부터였다. 당시 한국 정부는 극심한 빈곤 국면 을 타개하고 해외 시장을 개척하기 위하여 정부주도하의 수출제일주의 전략을 확립함으 로써 기업에 대한 막대한 수출 지원을 꾀하였다. 한국 정부는 금융, 세제, 환율 및 행정 등 수출에 관련된 수출 특혜를 특정 산업에 종사하는 특정 기업에게 배분하였다. 결국 기업들의 신속한 성장은 이루어졌고 수출 실적의 증대에 따른 수출의 확대도 달성되었 다. 그러나 당시 한국의 수출 지원은 배타적인 성격이 있었기 때문에 수출 지원 과정에 서 많은 문제를 가져왔다. 기업의 부실화, 대기업의 비대화와 다각화, 기업 및 산업 간 의 불균형, 경제 구조의 취약성 등은 그 예들이다. 이러한 문제들은 향후 한국 경제의 발전에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 본 논문은 한국 경제 개발 초기 기업들의 성장에 입각 하여 한국 정부 주도 하의 수출 지원 정책 및 영향을 살펴봄으로써 그 동안 한국 경제의 발전 과정과 문제점을 이해하고 재인식하는데 이바지하고자 한다.

This study was performed to identify the effect of fertilizer application and planting method on growth and yield of 'Seolhyang' strawberry during seedling raising. According to the concentration of fertilizer applied, the height of daughter plants was the highest at an EC of 0.8 dS·m-1. Leaf number and crown diameter were greatest at an EC of 0.6-0.8 dS·m-1. In the first measurement, root number was highest in non-fertilizer application, while root weight was heaviest in non-fertilizer application and EC 0.4 dS·m-1. The higher the concentration of fertilizer applied as culture media, the lower the growth rate. Thirty days after planting on the main field, plant height and number of new leaf were highest at an EC of 0.8 dS·m-1. However, no significant difference was found in leaf length and width and chlorophyll content according to fertilizer application. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in EC 0.6 dS·m-1. In contrast, no significance was found in total marketable yield at an EC of 0.4-0.8 dS·m-1. Aconsistent pattern was exhibited in the growth of 1-5 harvesting flower clusters according to planting method. The length of leaf and flower cluster was short and chlorophyll content was low, when bed soil was removed 100% in harvesting of the first flower cluster. In all treatment, leaf length was shortened until harvesting of the second and third flower cluster, but rapidly lengthened in harvesting of the third and fourth flower clusters. Moreover, the length of flower cluster had a increasing tendency from harvesting of the third flower cluster. However, chlorophyll content was reduced continuously until harvesting of the fifth flower cluster, and was lowest in harvesting of the fourth flower cluster without removal of bed soil. Total yield was greatest in treatment of crown removal in bed soil between November and May. Late marketable yield between March and May was highest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal, followed by treatment of crown removal. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in treatment of crown removal between December and February, while greatest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal between March and May.

‘Hwasu 3551’(HS) 과 ‘White-Red Lip’(WR)을 대상으로 저 온이 호접란의 생육단계별 광합성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실 험에 사용하기 위해 조직배양을 통해 번식된 유묘들을 4주간 외부 환경에 순화시킨 후(1개월 묘), 28/26oC(HT)의 식물생육상에서 재배하였다. HT에서 0(1개월 묘), 2(3개월 묘), 4 개월(5개월 묘) 간 재배된 식물들을 21/19oC(LT)의 식물생육상으로 옮겨 3개월 간 저온처리 하였고, 각 식물생육상의 일장은 12시간(06시.18시), 광도는 110±10μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF를 유지하였다. 저온의 영향을 알 아보기 위해서 각 온도 및 생육단계별로 영양생장과 24시간 동안의 CO2흡수율을 측정하였다. 전반적으로 호접란의 광합성은 CO2흡 수 양상에 따라 페이즈 I부터 IV까지 나뉘어지는 전형적인 CAM 광합성을 보였으며, 3개월간 저온에서 재배 후 하루 동안 흡수한 총 CO2의 양과 영양생장의 증가정도는 HT 조건을 유지한 처리군에 비해 감소하였다. 특히 3개월 묘를 LT에서 3개월간 재배하였을 떄, HS, WR 두 품종의 페이즈 III 동안 CO2흡수율은 각각 -1.36, -0.60μmol·m-2·s-1까지 감소하여 CO2누출 (CO2 leakage)양상을 보였다. 이로 인해 낮 동안의 총 CO2흡수량이 감소하였고, 영양 생 장량 역시 감소하였다. 1개월 묘를 LT조건에서 재배하였을 때 신 엽의 발생은 통계적으로 유의성 있게 감소하였지만, 5개월 묘의 경 우에는 감소하지 않았고, 단지 엽장의 증가정도만 감소하였다. 이 러한 결과는 5개월 묘에서 저온의 영향이 작았고, 영양생장이 계속 유지되었다는 것을 나타낸다. 호접란의 재배에 있어서 이러한 접근 방식은 재배 스케줄을 조절하거나 기존의 방법을 개선하여 재배비 용을 절감하는 대에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

조경식물인 금낭화, 돌단풍, 할미꽃, 붉은잎동자꽃, 벌개미취의 개화기 예측에 필요한 적산온도를 구명하였다. 경기도 수원시에 위치한 국립원예특작과학원에서 2013년 3월 시험포에 식재된 관상식물 5종을 채취하여 컨테이너(30×30×30cm)에 원예용 상토를 이용하여 식재하여 시험포와 온실에 4반복으로 배치하였다. 1주일 간격으로 개아기, 전엽기, 개화기를 조사하였으며 온도를 측정하였다. 온실과 시험포의 적산온도의 비교 결과 조경식물 5종의 생육단계에 따른 적산온도는 금낭화 개아기 176.3±9.12℃, 전엽기 265.1±47.63℃, 개화기 476.1±112.43℃, 돌단풍 개아기 170.0± 32.56℃, 전엽기 352.8±176.84℃, 개화기 452.3 ±17.74℃, 할미꽃 개아기 152.0±7.17℃, 전엽기 266.2 ±54.36℃, 개화기 410.4± 41.58℃, 붉은잎동자꽃 개화기 186.1±22.92℃, 전엽기 205.8± 16.92℃, 개화기 1426.6±135.99℃, 벌개미취 개아기 163.5±9.02, 전엽기 190.6±4.55, 개화기 2714.9±88.97로 나타났다.

The time of panicle initiation change by transplanting date, and this change is affected by heading ecotype and seedling age. So we assessed the variations of panicle initiation, spikelet differentiation and heading date affected by transplanting dates, rice cultivars and seedling ages. And we compared the growth durations and meterological factors between chief growth stages. The differences of growth duration from transplanting date to spikelet differentiation by seedling age were 1~3 days in all transplanting of Unkwang, but it increased to 4 days in Hwayeong transplanting on May 1 and June 30, and Nampyeong transplanting on June 30. The growth durations from panicle initiation to heading of Unkwang and Hwayeong increased until transplanting time by May 31, and decreased thereafter. The growth durations of Nampyeong increased in transplanting on May 16 and May 31. In each transplanting, mean temperature of 30 days after heading was highest in early transplanting, but sunshine hours in the period were highest in transplanting on June 30 in Unkwang, in transplanting on June 15 in Hwayeong, and higher in transplanting on May 31 and June 15 in Nampyeong. The growth duration between spikelet differentiation and heading showed variation according to rice cultivars and transplanting date, Those were 22~26 days in Unkwang, 21~27 days in Hwayeong and 21~28 days in Nampyeong.

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of seed germination and the first stage of growth in Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) by different light conditions such ass fluorescent light, dark and light emitting diode (LED). There was not much difference from the germination rate of C. wilfordii (Maxim.) in different light conditions for 10 days. The highest of germination rate occurred over 91.11 percentage by LED red condition at 26℃. Also mean germination velocity and promptness index were represented the highest results of 2.3 ea/day and 52.67 under red light, respectively. But mean germination time under both LED red and blue light was represented low data that it takes over three days for germinating of seed. Even though handling both LED red and blue lights, the germination uniformity was not constant. These results may help our understanding of variations in germination characteristics for C. wilfordii (Maxim.) seeds treated under different light conditions.

The roots of Platycodon grandiflorum has been widely used as a crude drug or a food stuff. Unfortunately, the output and the quality is not regular and highly dependent on the cultivation area and cultivation method. Therefore, seedling cultivation study of this plant under structure with various fertilizer supply was performed. As a result, significant big difference between ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content was shown in the root at seedling stage while the difference was not significant in the aerial parts. Fresh weight of the root (7.73 g plant-1) was higher in the group treated with three major nutrients (N, P and K) than in those treated with three major nutrients and calcium or magnesium or both calcium and magnesium, and non-treated group (2.69 g plant-1). Total nitrogen content was recognized to be significantly correlated with root weight, plant height, number of leaves and weight of aerial parts. Ammonium nitrogen content was more correlated the growth of P. grandiflorum than nitrate nitrogen. For phosphoric acid, significant correlation was also shown with the four growth factors.

As cool-season plant, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is planted under shade-installation with tall front and low rear. However, at different planting positions, distinct differences come out because ginseng grows at the same position within 3~5 years and the growth circumstance changes a lot by the shade-installation. So, in this study, changes of temperature, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence with varieties of shading material and planting position were investigated. Light transmittances by polyethylene shade net and silver-coated shading plate as planting materials were measured according to different planting positions. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured by LI-6400-40 (Li-Cor). According to different planting positions, light intensity was higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net, and higher at front than rear. Also, photosynthetic rate showed the same tendency, which had a positive correlation to light intensity. But this treatment caused a lower Fo compared with polyethylene shade net because of the stress by light and temperature. Also, Fv/Fm and ETR were higher in silver-coated shading plate. Fo was similar at front and rear according to silver-coated shading plate and ETR was higher at front.