목적 : 본 연구는 임상적 활용을 위하여 LOTCA-G 번역판을 사용하여 도시지역 노인의 인지기능을 알아보고, LOTCA-G 한국판 개발을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 시행되었다. 연구방법 : 연구대상자는 대전광역시에 거주하는 뇌손상의 경험이 없거나 치매로 진단받지 않은 65세 이상의 노인 117명이었으며 직접 면접조사 및 LOTCA-G를 사용한 인지기능평가를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 자료 수집 기간은 2005년 3월 11일에서 4월 2일까지로 23일간 실시되었다. 결과 : 1. 연구대상자들의 LOTCA-G를 이용한 인지기능 검사 점수는 총점 104점에 평균 92.17±10.66점이었으며, 연령이 낮은 군일수록, 교육수준이 높은 군일수록 인지기능점수가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다.2. LOTCA-G의 각 하위영역별 평가 점수는 교육수준이 높은 군인 경우에 대부분의 영역에서 유의하게 높았고, 연령이 높은 군일수록 각 영역 별로 점수가 통계적으로 유의하게 낮아졌다.3. LOTCA-G의 각 하위영역 간 관계는 실행력과 주의력/집중력을 제외하고는 모든 영역 간에 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.4. MMSE-K와 LOTCA-G의 총점수를 비교했을 때 유의한 높은 상관관계를 가짐을 알 수 있었으며, MMSE-K의 분류별 점수에 따른 LOTCA-G의 점수는 24점 이상(96.35±5.52), 23-18점(87.72±5.52), 17점(55.40±16.56)으로 각 각 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결론 : LOTCA-G를 사용한 도시지역 노인의 인지기능수준은 연령, 교육기간에 따라 차이가 있었다. 간이신경검사인 MMSE-K와 비교하였을 때 LOTCA-G는 유의미한 상관관계를 가지고 있어 연구에서 사용된 한국어로 번안된 본 도구도 인지기능을 평가하는 데 타당함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 외국에서 개발된 LOTCA-G를 그대로 번안 하여 사용한 것이므로 문화적, 사회적 차이로 인한 문항 간 차이점이 존재하는 것으로 사료된다. 후속 연구에서는 이러한 점을 수정 및 보완하여 한국판 LOTCA-G를 개발하는 것이 필요하겠다.

본 연구는 서울 강북지역 중 중구, 용산구, 성동구, 서대문구, 마포구의 5개구. 총면적 90.15 km2를 대상으로 우리나라 도시지역에서 번성하는 귀화종인 서양등골나물(Ageratina altissima)군락 분포현황 및 특성을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 연구대상지내 서양등골나물군락의 총 분포면적은 1,860,805m2이었으며 남산을 포함하고 있는 용산구(23.7%)와 중구(13.7%)에 가장 넓게 분포하고 있었다. 현존식생유형별 분포현황을 살펴보면 서양등골나물군락은 아까시나무림 하부에 주로 분포하였으나 남산만은 소나무림에서 분포면적이 넓은 것이 특징이었다. 단위면적 당 분포비율은 전체지역에서는 잣나무림이 가장 높았으나 남산을 제외하면 아까시나무림과 조경수식재지가 대부분을 차지하고 있었다. 수관피복율에 따른 분포경향은 교목층과 아교목층은 수관피복률이 높아질수록 분포비율이 높았고 특히 수관피복률 50% 이상인 지역에서 분포 비율이 높았다. 경사향과의 관계에서는 전반적으로 서향에서 넓게 분포하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 서양등골나물군락은 수관형성이 양호한 서사면 아까시나무림의 하부에서 주로 분포하고 있는 것으로 분석되었고 단층구조 소나무림으로의 식생관리지역에서는 서양등골나물군락이 확산되는 것으로 분석되었다. 추후 서양등골나물군락의 생육을 억제하기 위해서는 장기적으로 아까시나무림을 자생의 다층구조 낙엽활엽수군락으로 개선하는 시도가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

This study was designed to investigate nutrition intakes and its relation to the obesity and the prevalence of anemia in 252 children(136 boys, 116 girls) aged 2~6 years. The hematological parameters, daily nutrient intakes and height and weight were measured. Calorie intakes of 2 and 3year-old-children were over their RDA while those of 4-6 years were below the RDA. Intakes of protein, P, and vit B complex were far over the RDA in all ages of children. Fe and vit A intakes were insufficient in all ages except 3 years while Ca intakes were insufficient in all ages except 2 and 3 years. About 18.2% of the children were evaluated as obese. However, very few children were anemic by hematologic parameters. The mean Hb concentrations were 12.2mg/dl in boys and also in girls. The mean Hct was 36.2% in boys, 35.8% in girls. Serum Fe concentration was 100.1mg/dl in boys, 101.1mg/dl in girls. RBC count was significantly higher in boys while MCH was significantly higher in girls. Intakes of protein, P, Fe, vit B1, niacin, vit C were significantly higher in obese group compared to under weight group. There were significant positive correlations between protein intake and Hb, Hct, MCH, and MCHC. The correlation between Fe intake and Hb or Hct was not significant. In conclusion, it seems that the nutritional status of the most children was in very good condition. However, they needed to take more foods supplying Fe, Ca, and vit A.

This study was designed to evaluate food habits, anthropometry and obesity of 252 children(136 boys, 116 girls) aged 2~6 years old. The anthropometric indices were measured and food habits were surveyed. Average food habit score was 11.7/20.0 in boys and 11.8/20.0 in girls. It was found that 60.3% of the subjects belonged to fair score group(7-13) in food habits, while subjects in poor (0-6) and in excellent (14-20) were 30.6% and 9.1% respectively. There was no significant difference in food habits score between boys and girls. The food habits score tended to be higher as the mother's education level, total family income, number of siblings were increased. The mean height, weight and chest circumference of the subjects were much higher than the Korean standards. Evaluating the obesity by weight for height, 77.8% subjects was normal, 4.0% was underweight and 18.3% was obese. Underweight children did not seem to enjoy their meals and ate too slowly compared to normal or obese children. Therefore they needed to promote food habits by good nutritional education.

The purpose of this study is to examine current foodservice management practices at free congregate meal service for elderly people. Forty seven meal service centers as well as randomly selected Seoul and Kyunggido area were surveyed and interviewed and results were summarized as follows: The cost of each meal(lunch) was ranged from 1,300 won to 1,500 won and 68% of target centers were severed over 100 meals per day. Meal time for lunch begins from 10:30 am to 12:00 because great portion of elderly didn't take breakfast frequently. 52.3% of centers severed meal 5 times per week, just weekdays. 21.3% of centers employeed dietitian, 63.8% of center employeed cook. 95.7% of center were supported labor force by volunteers. Volunteer was important contribution to free meal service. Utilizing the labor force more effectively is thus a major challenge facing manager in each center. Ideal supporting system of free foodstuff, foodbank was still minor source of securing foodstuff. Most of centers(46 centers)served lunch, only one of them served breakfast and lunch. Government was the major financial sponsor, the second of them was religious organization. The large portions of financial support provided only food cost of total meal service budget. Most of center adapted self-service system. Standardized recipes were not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the experience of volunteers. Recording system of nutrition management, production control, storage and inventory control was not adapted by most of sites. It is suggested that in order to meet the change of the patterns of social and family structure, the service of the center should be offended in urban area and it is necessary to develop systematic management models for the center. It was suggested that not only financial support but also systematical support on management by the local government may be necessary to meet the goal of supply nutritionally balanced food at center.

This study was to investigate the consumption patterns of fast food in small city. The survey was conducted by questionnaires from March to April in 1997. The object was 500 men and women who were in their teens through fifties and living in Kimchen and Sangju city. A total of 444 subjects(88.8%) excluding incomplete answer were analyzed, all statistical data analysis were conducted using the SAS/PC+. 1. The reason why people go to fast food restaurants are quickness, a convenient place, good taste, low prices, good service, and good atmosphere. There was significant correlation with each element with one exception between taste and prices. 2. On the question about the fast food which was eaten most frequently, responded hamburger to 39.86%, noodles to 29.50%, chicken to 16.67%, pizza to 10.36% and the others to 3.60%. And female, teens and twenties ate hamburger more often and another groups ate noodles more often. 3. The standard of choosing fast food restaurants was taste, prices, sanitation, atmosphere and service. There was significant correlation with exception between taste and prices, sanitation and service, atmosphere and service. 4. About propriety of fast food serving size as one meal, it was not enough portion for female and 40s. 5. The awareness that eating foreign-made food was not right, was significant difference among age groups, but not sex. 6. Customers was discontented with sanitation, price and service. There was also significant correlation with each element. 7. The frequency of eating fast food was 1-2 times/a month(35.36%), 3-5 times/a month(31.31%), 5-10 times/a month(18.24%), hardly using(11.04%), 10-20 times/a month(2.70%), over 20 times/a month(1.35%). There was significant difference among sex and age groups.

1991년부터 1993년까지와 1995년부터 1997년까지 각각 3년 동안 광주시 근교지역 각 농가에서 광주시 보건환경연구원 가축위생연구부에 병성감정을 의뢰한 원유를 대상으로 젖소 유방염의 발생양상과 원인균의 항생제에 대한 감수성의 경시변화를 조사분석한 결과, 체세포수검사 양성율은 11.1%로부터 8.0%로 감소되었으며 원인균의 발생율은 Staph. sp.가 49.7%이었고 다음은 E. coli가 23.2%, Strep. sp.가 10.4%, Bac. sp.가 7.2%의 순이었는데, 이의 항생제에 대한 감수성은 전반적으로 크게 저하되었다.

The urban form of Korean cities significantly changed in the late Chosun dynasty. The influence of commercial development was the main cause of these changes. Commerce became a important function of existing cities, and the new type of commercial towns emerged at the important spots of traffic routes. In both cases streets became dominant element of urban form. Mainly commercial buildings aggregated along the streets, and to obtain higher land use intensity shape of lots became narrow and deep. Koyang(高陽) shows the most significant example of this new type of lot and lot pattern. Approximately 30 narrow and deep type of lots lined on each side of street forming about 390 meters long linear commercial town. Similar examples were found at the outside of south gate of Suwon(水原), Nuwon(樓院), and Pangyo(板橋).

본 연구는 인천광역시 강화도 지역의 산지형 도시녹지를 대상으로 식생구조 분석을 통한 관리방향 제시를 목적으로 하였다. 총면적 11,331ha에 대한 현존식생 분석 결과 식물군집은 19개 유형으로 분리할 수 있었는데 이중 상수리나무군집, 소나무-상수리나무군집, 신갈나무군집 등 2차림이 전체의 92.32%(10,461ha)를 차지하고 있었다. 아까시나무림 등 인공식재림은 전체의 5.40%(612ha)로서 수도권지역 다른 도시들 보다 적은 면적을 나타내었다. 총 57개 조사구에 대한 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification분석 결과 총 7개 군집으로 분리되었는데 그것은 리기다소나무(군집 A), 상수리나무(군집 B), 소나무-상수리나무(군집 C), 상수리나무-소나무 (군집 D), 소나무-서어나무-졸참나무-상수리나무(군집 E), 졸참나무-신갈나무(군집 F), 느티나무-고로쇠나무 (군집 G)이었다. 강화도 지역은 온대 중부지방에서의 일반적인 천이진행단계인 소나무림에서 상수리나무림을 거쳐 신갈나무림, 졸참나무림, 서어나무림으로 생태적 천이가 진행중인 것으로 파악되었다. 토양 pH는 평균 4.17의 강산성 토양으로서 토양환경 개선을 위한 연구가 산림식생 관리계획에서 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

This study was carried out to give some help for housewives recognizing the desirable purchase of processed foods and food additives. This results were abtained as follows; In case of purchase action for processed foods of housewives confirmation of manufacturing date was the highest point(4.62). When housewives bought processed foods they considered the taste of them as first, and frequencies of processed foods intake showed the ratio of 46.6%, also it was shown to be used once a week. The order for use of processed foods were milk, milk products(butter, cheese, yoghurt, lactic bacterium beverage) 40.2% >canned foods 22.6% >meat products(ham, sausage, bacon) 20.9% > jelled fish 16.3%. Most of housewives wanted to have the knowledge and information for food additives at the highest point(4.11). The interest about food additives of housewives was shown to the order of synthetic preservative 3.86 >chemical seasoning 3.74 >synthetic sweetener 3.59 >synthetic coloring agent 3.53. Also, it was shown to be thought that the hazard factors effected on food safety were agricultural chemical residue(30.9%), environmental pollution(25.2, food additives(23.0%), and microorganism contamination(20.9%).

본 연구는 1980년대 후반부터 조성된 5개 신도시 공동주택단지의 완충녹지를 대상으로 녹지의 형태와 식재기법, 효과 등을 분석하여 완충녹지 조성시 배식에 이용할 수 있는 자료 구축을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상지 완충녹지의 형태는 마운딩형, 사면형, 펴연형이었으며 식재된 수종으로는 교목은 상록수 10종, 낙엽수 20종의 총 30종이었고 관목은 총 13종 이었으며 도시공원 등의 관상용수종과 차이가 없었고 식재는 단층적으로 한 상태였다. 완충녹지에 의해 소음완화 효과는 인정되었으나 7개 조사유형중 4유형에서는 공동주택단지의 소음 기준치(65dB) 이하의 완충효과를 보이지 못했다. 소음완화효과는 마운드형이 효과적이었다. 본 연구대상지는 식재밀도, 녹지용적계수는 완충녹지의 기능을 충족시키지 못하고 있으며 자연림과 비교했을 때 식재밀도가 매우 적었고 녹지용적계수도 기준 녹지에 비해 션격히 낮은 값을 나타내어 개선이 요구되었다. 완충녹지는 높이를 2m 이상으로 한 마운딩형으로 조성지역 인근 자연림의 식생구조를 모델로 하는 복층적 식재기법을 이요하여 조성하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다.

본 연구는 하천환경의 생태적 재생을 목적으로 자연형 저수로 호안공법을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 실험하펀으로 선정한 양재천 학여울 구간에 사주부, 수충부, 얕은 만 3가지 유형의 하안경관 특성에 따라 촌 10가지 공법을 개발, 시험 족용하였다. 각 호안공법의 설계에서는 정수식물의 식재에 중점을 두었으며 설계된 공법들은 현장 적용되었고, 적용후 1년간의 경관 형성과정과 식생복원 모니터링을 실시ㅏ였다. 일ㄹ 통해 자연형 저수로 호안공법의 기술적 실행 가능성을 높여, 관행적으로 행해지고 있는 하천공법을 대체할 수 있는 생태적 대안을 제시하였다.

도시지역(대구, 구미, 영천, 창원)에 거주하는 직장남성 420명을 대상으로 식생활에 영향을 주는 요인들과 식습관에 대하여 조사하였다. 인구통계학적 변인들과 식습관의 관계에서 직업(p<0.001)과 연령(p<0.01)이 높은 유의성을 나타내었다. 전문직, 관리직, 판매직 등의 직업은 식습관이 "좋다"라는 반응이 많이 나타났으나 사무직에서 "나쁘다"라는 반응이 많이 나타났다. 연령에 있어서 청년층보다 장년층이 식습관에 대한 관심도가 높았으며 주거형태, 배우자의 직업 유무, 월수입도 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 식생활 태도 및 건강상태를 나타내는 변인들과 식습관과의 연관성은 하루 평균 식사횟수, 평소 운동상태, 수면상태, 피로감과 생활리듬, 식사 후 소화상태, 건강상태 등에서 상호 높은 유의성(p<0.001)을 나타내어 식생활 태도와 건강상태가 식습관에 깊은 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This nutritional survey was conducted from February 8 to March 10, 1994, in order to investigate the nutritional knowledge, food habits, nutritional attitude, food preferences and nutrient intakes of urban middle-aged women living in Daegu and Pohang district. The subjects of this survey were 164 urban middle-aged women living in Daegu and Pohang Area. The completely answered questionnaires were analyzed for nutritional knowledge, food habits, nutritional attitude, food preference and nutrient intakes of urban middle-aged women. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The subjects had a high level of perceived knowledge (82.9%), that is the knowledge that each subject believed she had, but the accuracy of the knowledge was only 66.1%. The average nutrition knowledge score was 8.26 out of possible 15 points, and food habit score was 5.50 out of 10 points. Most of the subjects belonged to 'Fair' or 'Good' food habit group, which is considered to be relatively good. With increasing age, the percentage of perceived knowledge, accuracy, and nutrition knowledge score were getting lower. But food habit score and nutritional attitude score were getting higher at 40's women than 30's women. The correlation between nutritional knowledge score and food habit score was low (r=0.0748). The correlation between nutritional attitude score and food habit score was low, too (r=-0.0653). Food preferences for kimchi, potato, cooked rice, beef, noodle, cabbage and milk were high. Average calorie and protein intake of the subjects were 1967.4±27.8 Kcal, 75.8±1.4 g respectively. Carbohydrate, protein and fat ratio on energy composition was 63.3%:15.5%:21.2%.

This study researched microbial change of quality according to the various phases of product flow of cooked pea and rice, cold cucumber and seaweed soup, soybean sprouts japchae feeding urban type of a commissary school and a satellite school in Daejeon area, also it suggested the possibility that the central commissary foodservice system can be established and utilized more developmental to identify its food of variation of temperature and state of safety unitl 3 hours after cooking for the case of delay of distribution and holding because of the satellite school of geographical location and traffic problem. The critical Control Points identified for each category of menu items were: Boiled pea and rice: inadequate distribution, holding and storing before assembly; Cold cucumber and seaweed soup: pre-preparation and post-preparation after cooking; Soybean sprouts japchae: Pre-preparation, post-preparation and storing. As the result of observation of the variation of temperature and microbial safety according to the delay of distribution and holding for each food, all of them were relatively safe until 3 hours after cooking, but cold cucumber and seaweed soup being stored for 3 hours, the value of E. coli is 103 CFU/g. The variation of temperature was more extreme in soybean sprouts japchae than cooked pea and rice and cold cucumber and seaweed soup. It was proved that the stainless container was excellent and that adequate holding container should be used.

It is aimed to survey the housewive's interest and understanding on the Korean traditional dishes in relation to the importance and the significance of those dishes in the Korean traditional folk ceremony. Questionnaires were distributed to and answered by 667 housewives ranging from the the mother of kindergarden children to the mother of seniors in the university. Some of the significant findings and speculations derived from the analysis of data are summarized as follows: 1. About 90% of subjects have taken the knowledge on cooking the traditional dishes from their mothers and their grandmothers. And they have had many opportunities to known about traditional dishes through the home life education. 2. The kinds of the Korean traditional dishes which are used often at the folk ceremony are Tto k(Korean rice cake), Shikhae (fermented rice fruits punch), Sujong Kwa (persimmon fruits punch), Whachae(flower, fruits punch) etc. 3. About two thirds of the subjects have a little knowledge about Korean traditional special menu for the Korean folk ceremony, however, most of them observe New York's Day, Chusuk (The Korean Tranks giving Day), Dongji (The winter solstice), and Deborum (The 15th of the January on lunar Calender). 4. About 74% of the subjects use Korean traditional foods when they have Korean traditional folk ceremony. But there is a tendency to use nontraditional dishes among young housewives. 5. More than 73% of the housewives agree to the idea that Korean traditional dishes have to be succeeded and developed. 6. Most of the housewives think the Korean traditional folk ceremony is important and they are willing to make Korean traditional foods on the occasions, but they also think the ceremony must be rather simplified.